HOME
>
臨床医学：一般
>
雑誌
> 新しい診断と治療のABC44/消化器6 肝硬変改訂第2版

新しい診断と治療のABC44/消化器6 肝硬変改訂第2版

出版社：	最新医学社
著者：	沖田極(編集)
発行日：	2013-11-25
分野：	臨床医学：一般 > 雑誌
ISSN：	03708241
電子書籍版：	2013-11-25 （改訂第2版）

電子書籍

章別単位での購入はできません

ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

4,400 円(税込)

購入する

商品紹介

本誌では肝硬変の概念，疫学，病理，病態生理から最新の画像診断法を網羅し，腹水，高アンモニア血漿，門脈圧亢進症に対する薬物療法や自己免疫性肝炎など特殊な治療の必要な肝硬変についても解説しました．内視鏡治療，IVR，肝移植，細胞移植についても盛り込んでおります．この分野の成書として是非ご一読ください．

目次

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

第1章概念・定義・疫学

P.19 掲載の参考文献

1) Wynn TA:Common and unique mechanisms regulate fibrosis in various fibroproliferative diseases. J Clin Invest 117:524-529, 2007.

2) Benyon R C, et al:Extracellular matrix degradation and the role of hepatic stellate cells. Semin Liver Dis 21:373-384, 2001.

3) Ikeda K, et al:Distinction between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Practical discriminant function using common laboratory data. Hepatol Res 18:252-256, 2000.

4) Kawada N:Evolution of hepatic fibrosis research. Hepatol Res 41:199-208, 2011.

5) 青柳裕, 他:本邦の肝硬変の成因と現状. 肝硬変の成因別実態, 中外医学社, 1-10, 2008.

6) Day C P, et al:Steatohepatitis:a tale of two "hits"? Gastroenterol 114:842-845, 1998.

7) Lok A S, et al:Maintenance Peginterferon therapy and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with advanced hepatitis C. Gastroenterol 140:840-849, 2011.

8) Villeneuve J P, et al:Lamivudine treatment for decompensated cirrhosis resuting from chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 31:207-210, 2000.

9) Totoki Y, et al:High-resolution characterization of a hepatocellular carcinoma genome. Nat Genet 43:464-469, 2011.

10) Hoshida Y, et al:Gene expression in fixed tissues and outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma. N Engl J Med 359:1995-2004, 2008.

11) Imamura H, et al:Risk factors contributing to early and late phase intrahepatic recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy. J Hepatol 38:200-207, 2003.

12) 渡邊丈久, 他:肝細胞癌と癌幹細胞. 専門医のための消化器病学第2版, 医学書院, 436-438, 2013

13) 渡邊丈久, 他:肝癌予防の基礎と臨床. medicina 7:1230-1232, 2012.

P.29 掲載の参考文献

1) 独立行政法人国立国際医療研究センター肝炎情報センター (http://www.kanen.ncgm.go.jp/)

2) 厚生労働省大臣官房統計情報部:人口動態統計. 上巻, 東京, 2011,

3) 日本肝癌研究会:第5回～第18回全国原発性肝癌追跡調査報告, 日本肝癌研究会事務局, 1982-2009.

4) Hashimoto E, et al:Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis:Growing evidence of an epidemic? Hepatol Res 42(1):1-14, 2012.

5) Okanoue T, et al:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26 (Suppl 1):153-162, 2011.

6) Arase Y, et al:Long-term outcome after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am J Med 119(1):71.e9-16, 2006.

7) Mizui M, et al:Liver disease in hepatitis C virus carriers identified at blood donation and their outcomes with or without interferon treatment:Study on 1019 carriers followd for 510 years. Hepatol Res, 37:994-1001, 2007.

8) Tanaka J, et al:Natural histories of hepatitis C virus infection in men and women simulated by the Markov model. J Med Virol 70(3) 378-386, 2003.

P.30 掲載の参考文献

9) 肝炎ウイルス持続感染者の病態推移に関する数理疫学的研究, 平成24年度厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業肝炎状況・長期予後の疫学に関する研究. 研究報告書2013.

10) 大規模集団における出生年別のキャリア率をもとにしたキャリア数推計の試み平成 21年度厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業肝炎状況・長期予後の疫学に関する研究研究報告書. p169-177, 2010.

11) Tanaka J, et al:Total numbers of undiagnosed carriers of hepatitis C and B viruses in Japan estimated by age-and area specific prevalence on the national scale. Intervirology 54:185-195, 2011.

第2章病理・病態生理

P.38 掲載の参考文献

1) Wynn T A, et al:Mechanisms of fibrosis:therapeutic translation for fibrotic disease., Ramalingam TR. Nat Med 18:1028-1040, 2012.

2) Kawada N:Evolution of hepatic fibrosis research. Hepatol Res 41:199-208, 2011.

3) Friedman S L:Evolving challenges in hepatic fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:425-436, 2010.

4) Garcia-Tsao G, et al:Now there are many (stages) where before there was one:In search of a pathophysiological classification of cirrhosis. Hepatology 51:1445-1449, 2010.

5) Moreno M, et al:Reduction of advanced liver fibrosis by short-term targeted delivery an angiotensin receptor blocker to hepatic stellate cells in rats. Hepatology 51:942-952, 2010.

6) Garcia-Pagan J C, et al:Functional aspects on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 57:458-461, 2012.

7) El-Serag H B:Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 142:1264-1273. e1, 2012.

8) Zhang D Y, et al:Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 56:769-775, 2012.

9) Thuy le T T, et al:Promotion of liver and lung tumorigenesis in DEN-treated cytoglobin-deficient mice. Am J pathol 179:1050-1060, 2011.

10) Pinzani M, et al:Technology Insight:noninvasive assessment of liver fibrosis by biochemical scores and elastography. Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5:95-106, 2008.

11) Castera L:Noninvasive methods to assess liver disease in patients with hepatitis B or C. Gastroenterology 142:1293-1302.e4., 2012.

12) Masuzaki R, et al:Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography. Hepatology 49:1954-1961, 2009.

13) Schrader J, et al:Matrix stiffness modulates proliferation, chemotherapeutic response, and dormancy in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hepatology 53:1192-1205, 2011.

14) Whittaker S, et al:The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 29:4989-5005, 2010.

15) Seki E, et al:A liver full of JNK:signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches. Gastroenterology 143:307-320, 2012.

P.46 掲載の参考文献

1) 日本門脈圧亢進症食道静脈瘤学会編:門脈圧亢進消取り扱い規約, VI病理. p73. 金原出版, 東京, 2013.

2) Shimamatsu K, et al:Pathomorphological study of HCV antibody-positive liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:624-630, 1994.

3) Yano M, et al:The long-term pathological evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 23:1334-1340, 1996.

4) 鹿毛政義:C型ウイルス肝炎の臨床病理. 病理と臨 27:181-190, 1995.

5) Elizabeth M, et al:Fatty liver disease:alcoholic and non-alcoholic. In:MacSween's Pathology of the Liver, Sixth Edition (Burt A, ed). p293-359. Churchill Livingstone, Ed-inburgh, 2012.

6) 増田友之:肝疾患の病理診断. 病理と臨 13:1365-1370, 1995.

7) 鹿毛政義:血流動態からみた肝の病態その新たな展開Budd-Chiari症候群. 肝胆膵 51 (3):371-376, 2005.

8) Nakanuma Y, et al:Diseases of the bile ducts. In:MacSween's Pathology of the Liver, Sixth Edition (Burt A, ed) . p491-562. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 2012.

P.54 掲載の参考文献

1) Friedman S L:Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology 134:1655-1669, 2008,

2) Lok A S, et al:Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and associated risk factors in hepatitis C-related advanced liver disease. Gastroenterology 136:138-148, 2009.

3) Iwakiri Y:Endothelial dysfunction in the regulation of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Liver Int 32:199-213, 2012.

4) Cubillas R, et al:Portal hypertensive gastropathy:a review. Liver Int 30:1094-1102, 2010.

5) Tranah T H, et al:Systemic inflammation and ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy. Metab Brain Dis 28:1-5, 2013.

6) Holecek M:Three targets of branchedchain amino acid supplementation in the treatment of liver disease. Nutrition 26:482-490, 2010.

7) Grace J A, et al:Hepatopulmonary syndrome:update on recent advances in pathophysiology, investigation, and treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:213-219, 2013.

8) Lata J:Hepatorenal syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 18:4978-4984, 2012.

9) Zhang D Y, et al:Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 56:769-775, 2012

第3章診断

P.59 掲載の参考文献

1) Kawaguchi T, et al:Branched-chain amino acids as pharmacological nutrients in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 54:1063-1070, 2011.

2) Swain M G, et al:Defective corticotropin-releasing hormone mediated neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in cholestatic rats:implications for cholestatic liver disease-related sickness behaviors. Hepatology 22:1560-1564, 1995.

3) Piche T, et al:Fatigue is associated with high circulating leptin levels in chronic hepatitis C. Gut 51:434-439, 2002.

4) Laviano A, et al:Plasma tryptophan levels and anorexia in liver cirrhosis. Int J Eat Disord 21:181-186, 1997.

5) Takahashi H, et al:Fasting plasma ghrelin levels reflect malnutrition state in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 34:117-123, 2006.

6) Kawaguchi T, et al:Independent factors associated with altered plasma active ghrelin levels in HCV-infected patients. Liver Int 2013.

7) Uchimura Y, et al:Changes in melatonin concentrations during IFN therapy. J Hepatol 31:1131, 1999.

8) Cordoba J, et al:Melatonin arrhythmia is corrected after liver transplantation. Am J Gastroenterol 104:1862-1863, 2009.

9) Golpe R, et al:Obstructive sleep apnea:a complication in cirrhotic patients with ascites? Am J Gastroenterol 100:1421-1423;author reply 3;author reply 3, 2005.

10) Matsuzaki T, et al:Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res 42:1221-1226, 2012.

11) Atluri D K, et al:An alternative treatment for muscle cramps in patients with liver cirrhosis. Liver Int 33:496-497, 2013.

12) Kawaguchi T:Free Fatty Acid Level is A New Hepatic Fuel Meter. Hepatol Res 2013. (in press)

13) de Bruyn G, et al:A systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of physical examination for the detection of cirrhosis. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 1:6, 2001.

14) Gordon A, et al:Comprehensive clinical assessment improves the accuracy of predicting cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:825-832, 2005.

15) Kato A, et al:Nutritional management contributes to improvement in minimal hepatic encephalopathy and quality of life in patients with liver cirrhosis:A preliminary, prospective, open-label study, Hepatol Res 43:452-458, 2013.

16) Kawaguchi T, et al:Effects of Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids on Hepatic Encephalopathy and Outcome in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis. Nutr Clin Pract 2013.

17) Taniguchi E, et al:Lipid profile is associated with the incidence of cognitive dysfunction in viral cirrhotic patients:A data-mining analysis. Hepatol Res 43:418-424, 2013.

18) Kawaguchi T, et al:Motor vehicle accidents:how should cirrhotic patients be managed? World J Gastroenterol 18:2597-2599, 2012.

19) Watanabe A, et al:Clinical efficacy of lactulose in cirrhotic patients with and without subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 26:1410-1414, 1997.

20) Vaisman N, et al:Breakfast improves cognitive function in cirrhotic patients with cognitive impairment. Am J Clin Nutr 92:137-140, 2010.

P.69 掲載の参考文献

1) Kumada T, et al:Long-term follow-up of patients with hepatitis C with a normal alanine aminotransferase. J Med Virol 81 (3):446-451, 2009.

2) Irie M, et al:Levels of the oxidative stress marker gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase at different stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Int Med Res 40 (3):924-933, 2012.

3) Hirayama T, et al:Hypercholesterolemia in rats with hepatomas:increased oxysterols accelerate efflux but do not inhibit biosynthesis of cholesterol. Hepatology 44 (3):602-611, 2006.

4) 日本消化器病学会:肝硬変診療ガイドライン. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

5) Ikeda K, et al:Distinction between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Practical discriminant function using common laboratory data. Hepatol Res 18 (3):252-266, 2000.

6) Imbert-Bismut F, et al:Biochemical markers of liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection:a prospective study. Lancet 357 (9262):1069-1075, 2001.

7) Wai C T, et al:A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 38 (2):518-526, 2003.

8) Patel K, et al:Evaluation of a panel of non-invasive serum markers to differentiate mild from moderate-to-advanced liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. J Hepatol 41 (6):935-942, 2004.

9) Rosenberg W M, et al:Serum markers detect the presence of liver fibrosis:a cohort study. Gastroenterology 127 (6):1704-1713, 2004.

10) Adams L A, et al:Hepascore:an accurate validated predictor of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C infection. Clin Chem 51 (10):1867-1873, 2005.

11) Sterling R K, et al:Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology 43 (6):1317-1325, 2006.

12) Koda M, et al:Fibro Index, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 45 (2):297-306, 2007.

P.77 掲載の参考文献

1) Sterling R K, et al:Development of a simple non-invasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection. Hepatology 43:1317-1325, 2006.

2) Williams A L, et al:Ratio of serum aspartate to alanine aminotransferase in chronic hepatitis. Relationship to cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 95:734-739, 1988,

3) Wai C T, et al:A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 38:518-526, 2003.

4) Tamaki N, et al:Noninvasive estimation of fibrosis progression overtime using the FIB-4 index in chronic hepatitis C. J Viral Hepat 20:72-76, 2013.

5) Fujimoto K, et al:Novel image analysis method using ultrasound elastography for noninvasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C, Oncology 84 (Suppl):3-12, 2013.

6) Tatsumi C, et al:Non-invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis for type C chronic hepatitis. Intervirology 53:76-81, 2010.

7) Tamaki N, et al:Prospective comparison of real-time tissue elastography and serum fibrosis markers for the estimation of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatol Res 2013 (in press)

8) Ganne-Carrie N, et al:Acccuracy of liver stiffness measurement for the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology 44:1511-1517, 2006.

9) Foucher J, et al:Diagnosis of cirrhosis by transient elastography (FibroScan):a prospective study. Gut 55:403-408, 2006.

P.82 掲載の参考文献

1) Di Lelio A, et al:Cirrosis:diagnosis with sonographic study of the liver surface. Radiology 172:389-392, 1989.

2) 田浦智幸:CT上での脾最大面積値を用いたウィルス性慢性肝疾患の鑑別診断. 臨放 51:861-864, 2006.

3) Murakami T, et al:Cirrhosis of the liver:MR imaging with mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP). Radiology 198:567-572, 1996.

4) Lewin M, et al:Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 46:658-665, 2007.

P.91 掲載の参考文献

1) 日本肝臓学会編:慢性肝炎の治療ガイド 2008. 文光堂, 東京, 2007.

2) Shiratori Y, et al:Histologic improvement of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who have sustained response to interferon therapy. Ann Intern Med 132:517-524, 2000.

3) Ikeda K, et al:Distinction between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Practical discriminant function using common laboratory data. Hepatol Res 18:252-266, 2000,

4) Wai C T, et al:A simple noninvasive index can predict both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. Hepatology 38:518-526, 2003.

5) Koda M, et al:FibroIndex, a practical index for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 45:297-306, 2007.

6) Doi N, et al:Focal nodular hyperplasia-like nodule with reduced expression of organic anion transporter 1B3 in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Intern Med 50:1193-1199, 2011.

第4章管理・治療

P.98 掲載の参考文献

1) 日本消化器病学会編:肝硬変診療ガイドライン. xix. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

2) Tajika M, et al:Prognostic value of energy metabolism in patients with viral liver cirrhosis. Nutrition 18:229-234, 2002.

3) Hanai T, et al:Free fatty acid as a marker of energy malnutrition in liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 2013. (DOI:10.1111/hepr. 12112)

4) Muto Y, et al:Effects of oral branched chain amino acid granules on event-free survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:705-713, 2005.

5) Nakaya Y, et al:BCAA-enriched snack improves nutritional state of cirrhosis. Nutrition 23:113-120, 2007.

6) Shiraki M, et al:Nutritional status and quality of life in current patients with liver cirrhosis as assessed in 2007-2011. Hepatol Res 43:106-112, 2013.

7) Muto Y, et al:Overweight and obesity increase the risk for HCC in patients with liver cirrhosis and long-term oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acid granules inhibits liver carcinogenesis in heavier patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 35:204-214, 2006.

8) Kaibori M, et al:Perioperative exercise for chronic liver injury patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing hepatectomy. Am J Surg 206:202-209, 2013.

9) Oza N, et al:A pilot study of body weight reduction for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with a home-based lifestyle modification intervention delivered in collaboration with interdisciplinary medical staff. J Gastroenterol 44:1203-1208, 2009.

10) Konishi I, et al:Aerobic exercise improves insulin resistance and decreases body fat and serum levels of leptin in patients with hepatitis C virus. Hepatol Res 41:928-935, 2011.

P.104 掲載の参考文献

1) Teres J, et al:Propranolol versus sclerotherapy in preventing variceal rebleeding:a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 105:1508-1514, 1993.

2) 小原勝敏, 他:食道・胃静脈瘤内視鏡治療ガイドライン. 消化器内視鏡ガイドライン, 第3版 (日本消化器内視鏡学会監), p215-233, 医学書院. 東京, 2006.

3) 小原勝敏:肝硬変合併症の診断・治療. 肝硬変診療ガイドライン (日本消化器病学会編), p84-115. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

4) Grebes A L:Medical treatment of ascites in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 17 (Suppl12):S4-S9, 1993.

P.105 掲載の参考文献

5) Arroyo V, et al:Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club. Hepatology 23:164-176, 1996.

6) 福井博:肝硬変合併症の診断治療. 肝硬変診療ガイドライン (日本消化器病学会編), p116-149. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

7) Moore K P, et al:Guidelines on the management of ascites in cirrhosis. Gut 55 (Suppl 6):vi1-vi12, 2006.

8) Deltenre P, et al:Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt insertion for refractory ascites in cirrhosis:a meta-analysis. Liver Int 25:349-356, 2005.

9) Sanyal AJ, et al:The North American study for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites. Gastroenterology 124:634-641, 2003.

10) Kato A, et al:How to select BCAA preparations. Hepatol Res 30S:S30-S35, 2004.

11) 加藤章信:肝硬変合併症の診断治療肝性脳症. 肝硬変診療ガイドライン (日本消化器病学会編), p160-175. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

12) 加藤章信, 他:肝性脳症. 今日の消化器疾患治療方針 (幕内雅敏他編), p558-560. 医学書院, 東京, 2010.

P.113 掲載の参考文献

1) Runyon B:AASLD Practice Guidelines Committee, Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis:an update. Hepatology 49 (6):2087-2107, 2009.

2) Gines P, et al:Management of cirrhosis and ascites. N Engl J Med 350 (16):1646-1654, 2004

3) Kuiper J J, et al:Review article:management of ascites and associated complications in patients with cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26 (suppl 2):183-193, 2007.

4) 福井博:肝硬変腹水の病態と治療-最近の進歩-. 肝臓40 (3):113-127, 1999.

5) Witte M H, et al:Progress n liver disease:physiological factors involved in the causa-tion of cirrhotic ascites. Gastroenterlogy 61:742-750, 1971.

6) Lieberman F L, et al:Effective plasma volume in cirrhosis with ascites. Evidence that a decreased value dose not account for renal sodium retention, a spontaneous reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and a fall in GFR during drug-induced dieresis. J Clin Invest 48:975-981, 969.

7) Schrier R W, et al:Peripheral arterial vasodilation hypothesis:A proposal for the initiation o renal sodium and water retention in cirrhosis. Hepatology 8:1151-1157, 1988.

8) Rossle M, et al:A comparison of paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntng in patients with ascites. N Engl J Med 342:1701-1707, 2000.

9) Mushaweck R:Discovery and development of furosemide:historical remarks. In:Diuretics I (Pushett J B, ed). p4-9. Elsevier, New York, 1984.

10) Ferguson J W:Therapeutic role of vasopressin receptor antagonism In patients with liver cirrhosis. Clin Sci 105:1-8, 2003.

11) Yamamura Y, et al:Characterization of a novel aquaretic agent, OPC-31260, as an orally effective, nonpeptide vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist. Br J pharmacol 105:787-791, 1992.

12) Sakaida I, et al:ASCITES 14-Day Administration Study Group. Efficacy and safety of a 14-day administration of tolvaptan in the treatment of patients with ascites in hepatic oedema. J In Med Res 41 (3):835-847, 2013.

13) Sakaida I, et al:Tolvaptan for improvement of hepatic edema:A phase 3, multicenter, randomized,double-blind,placebocontrolled trial.Hepatol Res 2013.

14) Okita K, et al:A multicenter, open-label, dose-ranging study to exploratively evaluate the efficacy, safety, and dose-response of tolvaptan in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 45 (9):979-987, 2010

15) Sakaida I, et al:The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tolvaptan in Patients with LiverCirrhosis with Insufficient Response to Conventional Diuretics:A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Phase III Study. J Int Med Res 40:2381-2393, 2012.

P.123 掲載の参考文献

1) 佐藤俊一, 他:慢性肝不全. 最新内科学体系 [第47巻肝機能不全], p174-191. 中山書店, 東京, 1991.

2) Ferenci P, et al:Hepatic encephalopathy-definition, nomenclature, diagnosis and quantification;final report of the working party at the llth World Congress of Gastroenterology, Vienna, 1998 Hepatology 35:716-721, 2002.

3) Butterworth R F:Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy:new insights from neuroimaging and molecular tudies. J Hepatol 39:278-285, 2003.

4) 鈴木一幸:肝性脳症治療のup-date. 日消誌107:14-21, 2010.

5) 鈴木一幸:肝発癌抑制を視野に入れた肝硬変の栄養療法のガイドライン作成を目指した総合的研究. 厚生労働省肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業 [肝発癌抑制を視野に入れた肝硬変の栄養療法のガイドライン作成を目指した総合的研究班] 平成22年度総括・分担研究報告書. p3-16, 2011.

P.124 掲載の参考文献

6) 遠藤龍人, 他:肝硬変患者の栄養ガイドライン. 肝胆膵 63:475-485, 2011.

7) 肝硬変診療ガイドライン委員会:2. 治療 (1) 栄養療法 (日本消化器病学会編), p23-33. 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

8) 鈴木一幸:二糖類. 高アンモニア血症の治療法医科アンモニア学 (渡辺明治, 他編), p258-269. メディカルレビュー社, 東京, 1995.

9) Bass N M, et al:Rifaximin treatment in hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med 362:1071-1081, 2010.

10) Mas A, et al:Comparison of rifaximin and lactitol in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy:results of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled clinical study. J Hepatol 38:51-58, 2003.

11) Bajaj J S, et al:Rifaximin improves driving simulator performance in a randomized trial of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterol 140:478-487, 2011.

12) Sidhu S S, et al:Rifaximin improves psychometric performance and health-related quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (The RIME trial). Am J Gastroenterol 106:307-316, 2011.

13) Marchesini G, et al:Zinc supplementation and amino acid-nitrogen metabolism in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology 23:1084-1092, 1996.

14) 片山和宏, 他:慢性肝疾患の血中亜鉛の意義についての検討. 肝臓 42:120-125, 2001.

15) Kawaguchi T, et al:branched-chain amino acids as pharmacological nutrients in chronic liver disease. Hepatology 54:1063-1070,

16) 山口清次:L-カルニチン. 小児内科 33(7):964-967, 2001

17) Kahenbuhl S, et al:Carnitine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease Hepatology 25:148-153, 1996.

18) Kahenbuhl S, et al:Decreased carnitine biosynthesis in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 31:1217-1223, 2000

19) Amodio B P, et al:Plasma carnitine levels in liver cirrhosis:relationship with nutritional status and liver damage. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 28:619-626, 1990.

20) Hearn T J, et al:Effects of orally administered L-carnitine on blood ammonia and L-carnitine concentrations in portacaval shunted rats. Hepatology 10:822-828, 1989.

21) Malaguarnera M, et al:Effects of L-carnitine in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. World J Gastoenterol 11:7197-7202, 2005.

22) Malaguarnera M, et al:Effects of L-acetyl-carnitine on cirrhotic patients with hepatic coma:randomized double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. Dig Dis Sci 51:2242-2247, 2006.

23) Malaguarnera M, et al:Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Dig Dis Sci 53:3018-3025, 2008

24) 玉木克佳, 他:肝性脳症・難治性高アンモニア血症に対するカルニチン製剤の使用経験 Fronti Gastroenterol 17:394-398, 2012

25) Gentile S, et al:A randomized controlled trial of acarbose in hepatic encephalopathy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:184-191, 2005.

P.129 掲載の参考文献

1) Garcia-Tsao G, et al:Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. N Engl Med 362:823-832, 2010.

2) 小原勝敏:食道・胃静脈瘤内視鏡治療ガイドライン. 消化器内視鏡ガイドライン (第3版)(日本消化器内視鏡学会監修). p215-233. 医学書院, 東京, 2006.

3) Hernandez-Guerra M, et al:Increased hepatic resistance:a new target in the pharmacologic tharapy of portal hypertention. J Clin Gastroenterol 39:131-137, 2005.

4) Bhathal PS, et al:Reduction of the increased portal vascular resistance of the isolated perfused cirrhotic rat liver by vasodilators. J Hepatol 1:325-337, 1985.

5) Bosch J, et al:Variceal bleeding:pharmacological therapy. Dig Dis 23:18-29, 2005.

6) Kagami S, et al:Angiotensin II stimulates extracellular matrix protein synthesis through induction of transforming growth factor-beta expression in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J Clin Invest 3:2431-2437, 1994.

7) Marrero M B, et al:Direct stimulation of Jak/STAT pathway by the angiotensun II ATI receptor Nature 375:247-250, 1995.

8) Mezzano S A, et al:Angiotensin II and renal fibrosis. Hypertension 38:635-638, 2001.

9) Suzuki Y, et al:Inflammation and angiotensin II. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 35:881-900, 203.

10) Castro C H, et al:Evidence for a functional interaction of the angiotensin-(1-7) receptor Mas with ATI and AT2 receptors in the mouse heart. Hypertention 46:937-942, 2005.

11) Albillos A, et al:Propranolol plus prazosin compared with propranolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the treatment of portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 115:116-123, 1998.

12) Abraldes J G, et al:Simvastatin lowers portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and poral hypertension:a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology 136:1651-1658, 2009.

13) D'Amico G et al:The treatment of portal hypertension:a meta-analytic review. Hepatology 22:332-354, 1995.

14) Groszmann R J, et al:Hemodynamic events in a prospective randomized trial of propranolol versus placebo in the prevention of a first variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology 99:401-1407, 199.

15) Feu F, et al:Relation between portal pressure response to pharmacotherapy and risk of recurrent variceal haemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Lancet 346:1056-1059, 1995.

16) Groszmann R J, et al:Beta-blockers to prevent gastroesophageal varices in patients with crrhosis. N Engl J Med 353:2254-2261, 1995.

17) Testro A G, et al:Long-term outcome of patients treated with terlipressin for type 1 and 2 hepatorenalsyndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23:1535-1540, 2008.

18) Nachi M, et al:The effect of octreotid on fasting and postprandial splanchnic hemodynamics in cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 30:79-85, 2004.

P.137 掲載の参考文献

1) Michitaka K, et al:Japan Etiology of Liver Cirrhosis Study Group:Etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan:a nationwide survey. J Gastroenterol 45(1):86-94, 2010.

2) Alvarez F, et al:International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report:review of criteria for diagnoss of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 31 (5):929-938, 1999.

3) Hennes E M, et al:International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group:Simplified criteria for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 48 (1):169-176, 2008.

4) Yoshizawa K, et al:Long-term outcome of Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 56(2):668-676, 2012.

5) Miyake Y, et al:Persistent elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase levels leads to poor suvival and hepatocellular carcinoma development in type l autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmcol Ther 24 (8):1197-1205, 2006.

6) Miyake Y, et al:Persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase levels improves the prognosis of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 43 (6):951-957, 2005.

7) 高柳涼一, 他:わが国におけるステロイド性骨粗鬆症の管理と治療ガイドライン. THE BONE 19(5):589-593, 2005.

8) Johnson P J, et al:Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 333 (15):958-963, 1995.

9) Heneghan M A, et al:Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping,and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmun hepatitis.J Hepatol 45 (4):584-591,2006.

10) Manns M P, et al:European AIH-BUC Study Group:Budesonide induces remission more effectively than prednisone in a controlled trial of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. Gastroenterology 139 (4):1198-1206, 2010

11) Zachou K, et al:Mycophenolate for the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis:prospective assessment of its efficacy and safety for induction and maintenance of remission in a large cohort of treatment-naive patients J Hepatol 55 (3):636-646, 2011.

12) Hlivko J T, et al:A single center review of the use of mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of autoimune hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 6(9):1036-1040, 2008.

13) Schramm C, et al:European Liver Intestine Transplant Association:Primary liver transplantation for autoimune hepatitis:a comparative analysis of the European Liver Transplant Registry. Liver Transpl 16 (4):461-49, 2010

14) Duclos-Vallee J C,et al:Recurrence of autoimmune disease,primary sclerosing cholangitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,and autoimmune hepatitis after liver transplantation.Liver Transpl 15(Suppl 2):S25-S34,2009.

P.145 掲載の参考文献

1) 厚生労働省「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班:原発性胆汁性肝硬変 (PBC) の診療ガイドライン2012.

2) 廣原淳子:原発性胆汁性肝硬変全国調査 (第33報)-第15回原発性胆汁性肝硬変全国調査-. 厚生労働科学研究費補助金難治性克服研究事業難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究平成24年度総括・分担報告書. p63-67, 2012.

3) Nakanuma Y, et al:Application of a new histological staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis to liver biopsy specimens:Interobserver agreement. Pathol Int 60:167-174, 2010.

4) Murata Y, et al:Clinical features of symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis initially complicated wih esophageal varices. J Gastroenterol 41:1220-1226, 2006.

5) Abe M, et al:Natural history of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 38:639-645, 2008

6) Nakamura M, et al:Anti-gp210 and anticentromere antibodies are different risk factors for the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 45:118-127, 2007.

7) Lindor K D, et al:AASLD Practice Guidelines. Primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 50:291-308, 2009.

8) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines:management of cholestatic liver diseases. J Hepatol 51:237-267, 2009.

9) 戸田剛太郎, 他:ウルソデオキシコール酸 (UR-PBC錠) の原発性胆汁性肝硬変に対する臨床評価用量設定試験. 肝胆膵 37:443-460, 1998.

P.146 掲載の参考文献

10) Corpechot C, et al:The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy on the natural course of pimary biliary cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 128:297-303, 2005.

11) Corpechot C, et al:Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid and long-term prognosis inprimary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 48:871-877, 2008.

12) Azemoto N, et al:Biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid predicts long-term outcome in Jpanese patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 41:310-317, 2011.

13) Honda A, et al:Anticholestatic effects of bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 57:1931-1941, 2013.

14) Iwasaki S, et al:The efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid and bezafibrate combination therapy for primary biliary cirrhosis:A prospective, multicenter study.

15) Tanaka A, et al:Primary biliary cirrhosis-Autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome:A rationale for corticoteroids use based on a nation-wide retrospective study in Japan. Hepatol Res 41:877-886, 2011

16) Takeshita E, et al:Esophagogastric varices as a prognostic factor for the determination of clinical stage in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 38:1060-1065, 2003.

17) Harada K, et al:Incidence of and risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in primary biliary cirrhosis national data from Japan. Hepatology 57:1942-1949, 2013.

18) 日本肝移植研究会:肝移植症例登録. 移植 46:524-526, 2011.

19) Nakamura M, et al:Genome-wide association study identifies TNFSF15 and POU2AF1 as susceptibility loci for primary biliary cirrhosis in the Japanese population. Am J Hum Genet 91:721-728, 2012.

P.152 掲載の参考文献

1) Roberts E A, et al:Diagnosis and treatment of Wilson disease:an update. Hepatology 47 (6):2089-211, 2008.

2) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL clinical practice guidelines:Wilson's desease. J Hepatol 56 (3):671-685, 2012.

3) Harada M:Wilson disease. Med Electron Microsc 35 (2):61-66, 2002.

4) Harada M, et al:Role of ATP7B in biliary copper excretion in a human hepatoma cell line and normal rat hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 118 (5):921-928, 2000.

5) Harada M, et al:A mutation of the Wilson disease protein, ATP7B, is degraded in the proteasomes and forms protein aggregates. Gastroenterology 120 (4):967-974, 2001.

6) Terada K, et al:Restoration of holoceruloplasmin synthesis in LEC rat after infusion of recombinant adeno virus bearing WND cDNA. J Biol Chem 273 (3):1815-1820, 1998.

7) Yanagimoto C, et al:Niemann-Pick CI protein transports copper to the secretory compartment from late endosomes where ATP7B resides. Exp Cell Res 315 (2):119-126, 2009.

8) 原田大, 他:ウィルソン病の予後. 肝胆膵 66 (3);479-483, 2013.

9) Weiss K H, et al:Efficacy and Safety of Oral Chelators in Treatment of Patients with Wilson Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013 (in press) .

10) Weiss K H, et al:Zinc monotherapy is not as effective as chelating agents in treatment of Wilson disease. Gastroenterology 140 (4):1189-1198, 2011.

11) Aydinli M, et al:Two unusual cases with Wilson's disease:hepatoma and fulminant hepatitis treated with plasma exchange. J Natl Med Assoc 98(12):1989-1991, 2006.

12) Akyildiz B N, et al:Is plasma exchange effective in prevention of hepatic transplantaton in fulminant Wilson disease with hepatic failure? J pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 52 (6):778-780, 2011.

P.162 掲載の参考文献

1) 金川博史, 他:バルーン逆行性経静脈的塞栓術 (Balloon-occluded retrograde transveous obliteration) による胃静脈瘤1治験例. 日消誌88:1459-1462, 1991.

2) 日本消化器病学会編:肝硬変診療ガイドライン, 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

3) 小原勝敏, 他:食道・胃静脈瘤内視鏡治療ガイドライン. 消化器内視鏡ガイドライン第3版 (日本消化器内視鏡学会監), p215-233. 医学書院, 東京, 2006.

4) 小原勝敏, 他:孤立性胃静脈瘤に対するα-cyanoacrylate monomerによる硬化療法の有用性について. Gastroenterol Endoc 31:3209-3216, 1989.

5) 鈴木博昭, 他:Histoacrylを用いた胃静脈瘤硬化療法. Prog Dig Endosc 33:83-86, 1988.

6) 小原勝敏, 他:食道胃静脈瘤硬化療法におけるEO単独およびEO・AS併用法からみた予後の検討. Gastroenterol Endosc 29:2232-2236, 1987.

7) 小原勝敏:胃・食道静脈瘤の治療法-硬化療法. Mebio 19(6):8-15, 2002.

8) 小原勝敏他:食道胃静脈瘤硬化療法に対するEO・AS併用法の新しい工夫-AS地固め法-. Gastroenterol Endosc 31:2977 2981, 1989.

9) 小原勝敏他:食道静脈瘤に対する地固め法の新しい工夫-Laser地固め法. Gastroenterol Endosc 36:716-721, 1994.

P.172 掲載の参考文献

1) Hidaka H, et al:New angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker olmesartan improves portal hypertenson in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 37 (12):1011-1017, 2007.

2) Debernardi-Venon W, et al:ATI receptor antagonist Candesartan in selected cirrhotic patient:Effect to portal pressure and hver fibrosis markers. J Hepatol 46:1026-1033, 2007.

3) Spigos D G, et al:Partial splenic embolization in the treatment of hypersplenism. AJR Am J entgenol 132:777-782, 1979.

4) Hidaka H, et al:Restoration of thrombopoietin production after partial splenic embolization leads to resolution of thrombocytopenia in liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 23 265-273, 2002.

5) Tajiri T, et al:Long-term hematological and biochemical effects of partial splenic embolization in hepatic cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology 49:1445-1448, 2002.

6) Hidaka H, et al:Therapeutic benefits of partial splenic embolization for thrombocytopenia in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with radiofrequency ablation. Hept Res 39:772-778, 2009.

7) 金川博史, 他:バルーン下逆行性経静脈的塞栓術 (B-RTO) による胃静脈瘤治療. 肝臓32:442, 1991.

8) Ninoi T, et al:TIPS versus transcatheter sclerotherapy for gastric varices. AJR Am J Roentgenol 183:369-376, 2004.

9) Tajiri T, et al:Long-term results of balloon occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for the treatment of gastric varices and hepatic encephalopathy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 12:327-336, 2001.

10) 森脇久隆:肝性脳症の治療体系. 日消誌 104:352-356, 2007.

11) Ota K, et al:Combination of transileocolc vein obliteration and balloon-occluded ret-rograde transvenous obliteration is effective fr ruptured duodenal varices. J Gastroenterol 34:694-699, 1999.

12) Kimura T, et al:Anovel therapeutic ap-proach for rectal varices:acase report of rectal varces treated with double balloon-occluded embolotherapy. Am J Gastroenterol 92:883-886, 1997.

13) 國分茂博:経皮経肝門脈的門脈塞栓術 (PTO):肝臓専門医テキスト (日本肝臓学会編), p436-438. 南江堂, 東京, 2013.

14) 木下博明, 他:肝細胞癌に対する術前経皮経肝門脈塞栓術とその意義. 日消外会誌 18:2329-2335, 1985.

15) 金沢秀典経頸静脈的肝内門脈-大循環シャント術. 肝臓専門医テキスト, 第XV章門脈圧亢進症の治療 (日本肝臓学会編), p439-440. 南江堂, 東京, 2013.

P.180 掲載の参考文献

1) Inokuchi K, et al:Improved survival after prophylactic portal nondecompression surgery for esophgeal varices:A random-ized clinical trial. Hepatology 12 (1):1-6, 1990.

2) lnokuchi K:Aselective portacaval shunt. Lancet 2 (7558):51-52, 1968.

3) Tomikawa M, et al:Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy in the management of 2105 patients with eophageal varices. Surgery 131:S171-175, 2002.

4) Akahoshi T, et al:Long-term results of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration forgastric variceal bleeding and risky gastric varices:a 10-year experience. JGastroenterol Hepatol 2 (11):1702-1709, 2008.

5) Tomikawa M, et al:Effectiveness of gastric devascularization and splenectomy for patients wih gastric varices. J Am Coll Surg 191 (5):498-503, 2000.

6) Akahoshi T, et al:Laparoscopic splenectomy with interferon therapy in 100 hepatitis-C-virus-cirrhotic patients with hypersplenism an hrombocytopenia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 27 (2):286-290, 2012.

7) Tanaka Y, et al:Genome-Wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interfer-on-alpa and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet 41 (10):1105-1109, 2009.

8) Motomura T, et al:Effect of laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with Hepatitis Cand cirrhosis carrying IL28B minor genotype. BMC gastroenterol 12:158, 2012.

9) Hashimoto N, et al:Modulation of CD4 (+) Tcell responses fbllowing splenectomy inhepatitis C virus-relted liver cirrhosis. Clin Exp immunol 165 (2):243-250, 2011.

10) Motomura T, et al:Efficacy of splenectomyin preventing anemia in patients with recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation is not dependent on inosinestriphosphate pyrophosphatase genotype, Hepatology Res 42 (3):288-295, 2012)

11) Ikegami T, et al:Recent role of splenectomy in chronic hepatic disorders Hepatology Res 38 (12):1159-1171, 2008.

12) 川中博文, 他:門脈圧亢進症における脾の役割. 肝胆膵 49:31-35, 2004.

13) Kawanaka H, et al:Technical standardization of laparoscopic splenectomy harmonized with hand-assisted aparoscopicsurgery fbr patients with liver cirrhosis andhypersplenism. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 16 (6):49-757, 2009.

14) Kawanaka H, et al:Impact of antithrombin III concentrates on portal vein thrombosisafter splenectomy in ptients with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism. Ann Surg 251 (1):76-83, 2010.

P.189 掲載の参考文献

1) 日本肝移植研究会:肝移植症例登録報告. 移植 46:524-536, 2011

2) Child C, et al:The liver and portal hypertension. In:Surgery and portal hypertension (Child C, Ed) . p50-58 Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, 1964.

3) Pugh R N, et al:Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg 60:646-649173.

4) Wiesner R, et al:Model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) and allocation of donor livers. Gastroeterology 124 (1):91-96, 2003.

5) Kamath P S, et al:Amodel to predict survival in patiellts with end-stage liver disease. Hpatology 33:464-470, 2001.

6) Ichida T, et al:Model of end-lstage liver disease (MELD) score and cost-effectiveness on livin donor liver transplantation. J Gastroenterol 41:1023-1024, 200 (i,

7) 市田隆文:肝移植医療の最前線. 内科 99 (1):349-357, 2010.

8) 市田隆文, 他:脳死肝移植適応評価に関する今後の展望. 移植 46:406-411, 2011.

9) 市田隆文:Editorialわが国における脳死肝移植の現状. 肝臓 52 (2):81-86, 2011.

10) 市田隆文, 他:脳死肝移植の現状と展望. 内科 109(3):444-448, 2012.

P.194 掲載の参考文献

1) Terai S, et al:Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autolo-gous bonemrrow cell infusion therapy. Stem Cels 24:2292-2298, 2006.

2) Terai S, et al:Timeline for development of autologous bone marrow infusion (ABMi) therapy and perpective fbr future stem cell therapy. J Gastroenterol 47:491-497, 2012.

3) Liu L, et al:The microenvironment in hepatocyte regeneration and function in rats with advance cirrhosis. Hepatology 55:1529-1539, 2012.

4) Theise N D, et al:Liver from bone marrow in humans. Hepatology 32:11-16, 2000.

5) Terai S, et a:An in vivo model for monitoring trans-differentiation of bone marrow cells into functional hepatcytes. J Biochem (Tokyo) 134:551-558, 2003.

6) Terai S, et al:Lesson from the GFP/CCI4 model-translational research project:the development of cell therapy using autologous bone marrow cells in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatobiliay Pancreat Surg 12:203-207, 2005.

7) Sakaida I, et al:Transplantation of bone marrow cells reduces CCI4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 40:1304-1311, 2004.

8) Kim J K, et al:Autologous bone marrow infusion activates the progenitor cell compartmen in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Cell Transplant 19:1237-1246, 2010.

9) Saito T, et al:Potential Therapeutic Application of Intravenous Autologous Bone Marrow Infuson in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis. Stem Cells Dev 20:1503-1560, 2011.

10) Tanimoto H, et al:Improvement of liver fibrosis by infusion of cultured cells derived fro human bone marrow. Cell Tissuse Res 20130ct 91 [pub ahead of print]

P.200 掲載の参考文献

1) Fleming K M, et al:All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population a population-based co-hort study. Liver Int 32:79-84, 2012.

2) Berzigotti A, et al:Obesity is an independent risk factor for clinical decompensationin patients wth cirrhosis. 555-561, 2011. Hepatology 54:

3) Olson J C, et al:Intensive care of the patient with cirhosis. 1872, 2011. Hepatology 54:1864-1872. 2011

4) Pleguezuelo M, et al:Diagnosis and manage ment of bacterial infections in decompensated cirhosis. World J Hepatol 5:16-25, 2013.

5) Rajekar H, et al:Terlipressin in hepatorenal syndrome:Evidence for present indications. J astroenterol Hepatol 26 (Suppl 1):109-114, 2011.

6) Belcher J M, et al:Association of AKI with mortality and complications in hospitalized patient with cirrhosis. Hepatology 57:753-762, 2013.

7) Yu C, et al:Hyponatremia:clinical associations, prognosis, and treatment in cirrhosis. Ex Clin Transplant 11:3-11, 2013.

8) Galbois A, et al:Prognostic scores for cirrhotic patients admited to an intensive care unit:Which consequences for liver transplantation? Clin Res Hepatol astroenterol 2013. (Epub ahed of print)

9) Ferlitsch M, et al:von Willebrand factor as new noninvasive predictor of portal hypertensio, decompensation and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 56:1439-1447, 2012.

10) Takaya H, et al:ADAMTS13 activity may predict the cumulative survival of patients with livercrrhosis in comparison with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score and the Model for End-Stage Liver Diseae score. Hepatol Res 42:459-472, 2012.

11) Wallerstedt S, et al:Moderate hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients with cirrhotic ascites indicates a poor prognosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 48:358-365, 2013.

12) Fagundes C, et al:A modified acute kidney injury classification for diagnosis and risk stratfication of impairment of kidney function in cirrhosis. J Hepatol 59:474-481, 2013.

13) Singh S, et al:Liver Stiffness Measurements are Associated with Risk of Decompensation Liver Cancer, and Death in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases:a Systematic Review and Mta-Analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013. (Epub ahed of print)

14) Peng C Y, et al:Hepatitis B virus-related decompensated liver cirrhosis:benefits of antivral therapy. J Hepatol 57:442-450, 2012.

15) Zoutendijk R, et al:Virological response to enteavir is associated with a better clinical outcome in chronic hepatitis B patients with cirrhosis. Gut 62:760-765, 2013.

16) Wong GL, et al:Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatiis B patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 2013. (Epub ahed of print)

17) Lok A S, et al:Maitenance peginterferon therapy and other factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in patiets with advanced hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 140:840-849;quiz e12, 2011.

18) Dienstag J L, et al:Aprospective study of the rate of progression in compensated, histolgically advanced chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 54:396-405, 2011.

19) Bourliere M, et al:How to optimize HCV therapy in genotype l patients with cirrhosis Liver Int 33 (Suppl 1):46-55, 2013.

20) Vlachogiannakos J, et al:Long-term administration of rifaximin improves the prognosis of patients with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis. JGastroenterol Hepatol 28:450-455, 2013.

P.209 掲載の参考文献

1) Ikeda K, et al:Efifect of interferon therapy on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronichepatitis type C:A long-term observation study of 1, 643 patients using statistical bias correction with poportional hazard analysis. Hepatology 29:1124-1130, 1999.

2) Ikeda K, et al:Anticarcinogenic impact of interferon on patients with chronic hepatitis C-Alarge-scal long-term study in a single center. Intervirology 49:82-90, 2006.

3) Ikeda K, et al:Influence of hepatitis C virus subtype on hepatocellucar carcino-genesis:Amultivariat analysis of a retrospective cohort of 593 patients with cirrhosis. Intervirology 45:71-78, 2002

第5章ガイドライン

P.215 掲載の参考文献

1) Institute of Medicine. Clinical Practice Guidelines:Directions for a New Program (Field M J, et al eds) . National Academy Press, Washington DC, 1990.

2) 日本消化器病学会:肝硬変診療ガイドライン, 南江堂, 東京, 2010.

3) 日本肝臓学会:肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会編:C型肝炎治療ガイドライン (第1版), 2012.

4) 日本肝臓学会:肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会編:B型肝炎治療ガイドライン (第1.1 版), 2013.

5) O'Shea R S, et al:Alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 51 (1):307-328, 2010.

6) Manns M P, et al:Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 51 (6):2193-213, 2010.

7) 厚生労働省「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班編:自己免疫性肝炎 (AIH) の診療ガイド, p34-41. 文光堂, 東京.2011.

8) Garcia-Tsao G, et al:Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhagei cirrhosis. Hepatology 46 (3):922-938, 2007.

9) Runyon B A:Management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis:an update. Hepatology 49 (6):087-2107, 2009.

10) Plauth M, et al:ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: liver disease. Clin Nutr 25 (2):285-294, 2006.

11) Plauth M, et al:ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition:Hepatology. Clin Nutr 28 (4):436-444, 2009.

12) Eddy D M:Clinical decision making:from theory to practice. Designing a practice policy. Standards, guidelines, and options. JAMA 263:3077, 3081, 3084, 1990.

書評

書評を投稿する

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...