突然変異主導進化論 ―進化論の歴史と新たな枠組み (電子書籍版)

出版社： 丸善出版
著者：
発行日： 2019-05-24
分野： 基礎・関連科学  >  生命科学
ISBN： 9784621303856
電子書籍版： 2019-05-24 （電子書籍版）
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進化論 150年の歴史をたどり，分子進化から表現型の進化をひもとく。「進化を引き起こす原動力は何なのか?」 これは，ダーウィン以来ずっと論争の的となってきた問題である。本書では，過去150年間に提唱されたさまざまな進化論を振り返り， 近年のゲノミクスや発生生物学の知見をもとに，進化における突然変異の重要性を明らかにする。

目次

  • 表紙
  • 日本語版への序文
  • 序文
  • 目次
  • 第1章 自然淘汰主義と突然変異主義
  • 1.1 ダーウィンの進化論
  • 1.2 ダーウィンの進化論に対する批判
  • 1.3 不連続変異による進化
  • 1.4 突然変異主義
  • 1.5 新ダーウィン主義
  • 1.6 新突然変異主義または突然変異主導進化論
  • 1.7 最適者生存とニッチ獲得変異体生存
  • 第2章 新ダーウィン主義と自然淘汰万能主義
  • 2.1 はじめに
  • 2.2 進化の基礎過程としての遺伝子頻度の変化
  • 突然変異
  • 適応度一定のもとでの自然淘汰
  • 突然変異と自然淘汰の平衡
  • 平衡多型
  • 複数遺伝子座における自然淘汰
  • 2.3 淘汰係数の定義と推定の難しさ
  • 淘汰係数の推定とその信頼性
  • 淘汰係数の変動
  • 自然淘汰の全体的考察
  • 2.4 遺伝子頻度の確率論的変化
  • 遺伝子の固定確率
  • 遺伝子頻度の平衡分布
  • 集団の有効な大きさと遺伝子頻度の機会的変動
  • 淘汰係数の変動による遺伝子頻度の変化
  • 2.5 突然変異と集団内多型変異
  • 量的形質における人為淘汰と自然淘汰
  • 薬剤耐性の進化
  • 2.6 遺伝的変異に関する古典説と平衡説
  • 遺伝的荷重
  • 有限集団において維持可能な対立遺伝子の数
  • 2.7 創造的変異形成機構としての自然淘汰
  • 2.8 まとめ
  • 第3章 新ダーウィン主義の時代における進化論
  • 3.1 修飾遺伝子
  • 優性度の進化
  • 遺伝子の連鎖強度
  • 3.2 フィッシャーの自然淘汰の基本定理
  • 3.3 自然淘汰のコストと余剰生殖力
  • 3.4 進化の平衡推移説
  • 3.5 非機能突然変異と有害突然変異の蓄積
  • Y染色体
  • 重複遺伝子の非機能突然変異
  • 有害突然変異とマラーのラチェット
  • 3.6 びん首効果と遺伝的変異
  • 3.7 お手玉遺伝学と進化
  • 3.8 まとめ
  • 第4章 分子進化
  • 4.1 分子進化の初期研究
  • 4.2 タンパク質レベルでの中立進化
  • 自然淘汰のコストと中立説
  • 中立突然変異の定義
  • キングとジュークスの考え方
  • 中立説の定義
  • 4.3 分子時計
  • 純化淘汰のもとでの進化速度
  • 進化速度と世代時間
  • タンパク質の機能的制約
  • 突然変異速度の変動
  • 分子時計と中立説
  • 4.4 タンパク質コード遺伝子の進化
  • タンパク質コード遺伝子の進化の一般的特性
  • 進化速度の速い遺伝子
  • 4.5 タンパク質の多型
  • 4.6 DNAレベルの中立進化
  • 同義置換と非同義置換
  • 中立進化の典型 : 偽遺伝子
  • 弱有害突然変異またはほぼ中立突然変異
  • 4.7 有利な突然変異
  • 新しいタンパク質機能の進化
  • 免疫システム遺伝子
  • 異種共有多型
  • 4.8 正の自然淘汰を検出するための最近の統計的研究
  • 正の自然淘汰を受けているコドンを検出するためのベイズ法
  • マクドナルド - クライトマン法とその拡張
  • ハプロタイプホモ接合度とFST法
  • 統計的研究と生化学的証明
  • 変異型塩基の頻度分布
  • 4.9 まとめ
  • 第5章 遺伝子重複, 多重遺伝子族, 繰り返し配列
  • 5.1 遺伝子重複によって生じる新規遺伝子
  • 遺伝子重複による遺伝子数の増加
  • ゲノムサイズと遺伝子数
  • 遺伝子数と表現型の複雑さ
  • 5.2 多重遺伝子族の進化
  • 5.3 協調進化
  • 不等交叉, 遺伝子変換, そして純化淘汰
  • 染色体上に縦列に並ぶヒストン遺伝子
  • 5.4 出生死滅進化
  • 主要組織適合複合体 ( MHC ) 遺伝子
  • 免疫グロブリン遺伝子とその他の免疫システム遺伝子
  • 嗅覚受容体遺伝子と他の化学受容体遺伝子
  • 純化淘汰のもとでの出生死滅進化
  • 5.5 多重遺伝子族と新規遺伝システムの進化
  • 獲得免疫システム
  • 動植物の発生にかかわるホメオボックス遺伝子
  • 多重遺伝子族と植物の花器形成
  • 5.6 ゲノム浮動とコピー数変異
  • 5.7 非コードDNAと転移因子
  • エクソンとイントロン
  • 転移因子
  • 縦列繰り返し配列
  • 5.8 まとめ
  • 第6章 表現型の進化
  • 6.1 遺伝子と遺伝子発現の概念の変遷
  • 遺伝子の定義
  • 遺伝子のタンパク質コード領域と調節領域
  • 遺伝子調節ネットワーク
  • 遺伝子発現量を調節する低分子RNA
  • メチル化とエピジェネティクス
  • シグナル伝達経路と遺伝子間相互作用
  • 6.2 生理形質と形態形質の進化
  • 遺伝子のタンパク質コード領域の変化
  • 遺伝子調節仮説
  • 主要遺伝子効果仮説
  • 遺伝子調節ネットワークと形態進化
  • 6.3 遺伝子調節システムの進化
  • シス調節因子
  • マイクロRNAなどの低分子RNAが調節する遺伝子発現の進化
  • 6.4 エピジェネティクスと表現型進化
  • 環境による性決定
  • 温度依存的な性決定の進化
  • 春化と植物の開花
  • 6.5 遺伝子転用と遺伝子水平伝播
  • 遺伝子転用
  • 遺伝子水平伝播
  • 光合成動物
  • 6.6 まとめ
  • 第7章 種分化における突然変異と自然淘汰の役割
  • 7.1 染色体変異による種分化
  • 倍数化による種の形成
  • ゲノム構造の変化と種分化
  • 染色体再編成と種分化
  • 7.2 遺伝子突然変異による生殖的隔離の進化
  • 岡モデル : 重複遺伝子に生じる突然変異による種分化
  • ドブジャンスキー - マラーモデルのもとでの生殖的隔離の進化
  • 複対立遺伝子補完モデル
  • 単一遺伝子座による種分化
  • 7.3 複雑な遺伝システムによる生殖的隔離
  • 分離異常因子と種分化
  • ヘテロクロマチンが関与する雑種発育不全
  • 7.4 生殖的隔離の進化にかかわる他の機構
  • 7.5 びん首効果による種分化
  • 7.6 表現型進化の副産物として生じる雑種不妊
  • 7.7 まとめ
  • 第8章 適応と進化
  • 8.1 突然変異による適応
  • 8.2 特定の形質の進化
  • 眼および光受容体の進化
  • ハチなどの昆虫でみられるカースト制の進化
  • ヒラメ, カタツムリなどにおける非対称性の進化
  • 8.3 退行進化と偽遺伝子
  • 痕跡形質の普遍性
  • 退行進化の分子基盤
  • 寄生生物とゲノム進化
  • 8.4 性決定機構の進化
  • 脊椎動物の性決定
  • 無脊椎動物の性決定
  • 8.5 Y ( またはW ) 染色体の退化
  • Y染色体の退化と遺伝子量補償
  • X染色体の遺伝子量補償の分子基盤
  • 性拮抗突然変異による進化
  • 8.6 行動形質の進化
  • 進化の利己的遺伝子説
  • 行動にかかわる遺伝子の分子研究
  • 8.7 まとめ
  • 第9章 進化における突然変異と自然淘汰の役割
  • 9.1 進化過程における突然変異と自然淘汰の違い
  • 9.2 進化における偶発的要因と遺伝子転用
  • 9.3 過去に起こった進化と将来に起こりうる進化
  • 9.4 ゲノムに対する制約と制約突破進化
  • 進歩的進化
  • 目的をもたずして生じた生命の起源
  • 制約突破進化
  • 9.5 種内の遺伝的変異
  • 9.6 ニッチ獲得進化
  • 第10章 全体の総括と結論
  • 付録 数学的注釈
  • A. 自然淘汰による対立遺伝子頻度の変化
  • 決定論的モデルによる対立遺伝子頻度の変化
  • 突然変異と自然淘汰による平衡頻度
  • B. 無限座位モデルのもとでの対立遺伝子頻度分布
  • C. 淘汰係数の時間変動
  • D. 量的形質に対する人為淘汰
  • E. 遺伝的荷重
  • 突然変異による荷重
  • 分離による荷重
  • F. 正の自然淘汰を受けたコドンを検出するためのベイズ法
  • 参考文献
  • 索引
  • 訳者あとがき
  • 著訳者紹介
  • 奥付

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