医学論文を読んで活用するための10講義

出版社： 中外医学社
著者：
発行日： 2020-05-20
分野： 医学一般  >  医学情報学
ISBN： 9784498109162
電子書籍版： 2020-05-20 （1版1刷）
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
取寄せ目安：8～14営業日

4,840 円(税込)

購入する
電子書籍
章別単位で購入
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

4,840 円(税込)

購入する

商品紹介

EBMは現時点において最も信頼できる科学的根拠を踏まえながら，最善の臨床判断を模索する臨床行動スタイルです．正しい理解のもとで実践すれば医療者にとって有益な武器となるものの，根本的な理解が追いついていなければ十分な利益をもたらさないでしょう．本書は，著者が実施した研修会の内容を再構築し、医学論文の実践的かつ効率的な読み方，そして論文結果を多面的に考察するために必要な視点についてまとめました．

目次

  • introduction　科学的に考えるということ（科学と疑似科学の境界）
    根拠とは？科学的とは？
    ホメオパシー医学
    占星術による占い
    実験や観察に基づくデータがあれば科学的と言えるのか？
    診療ガイドラインの推奨は科学的と言えるのか？
    漢方薬は科学か？
    高血圧治療の決定実験
    糖尿病治療の決定実験
    既存の理論を否定する研究結果
    ACCORD試験以後
    科学と疑似科学の境界問題，再び

    第1講1限目　PECOとランダム化比較試験
    前提を疑い，そして問いを立てる
    背景疑問と前景疑問
    EBMは前景疑問を解決するためのツール
    実際の臨床場面を想定してみる
    どんな情報を調べますか？
    医学的介入の有効性・安全性を評価するにあたり参照優先度が低いエビデンス
    妥当性の高い比較を行うには
    外的妥当性
    EBMとはエビデンスの使い方に関するものである

    第1講2限目　ランダム化比較試験論文を読む
    論文の結果を見てみる
    ■Column　喫煙と禁煙がもたらす健康への影響

    第2講1限目　問いを立て，検証する
    なぜ真のアウトカムを重視するのか？
    理論と現象
    ランダム化比較試験の評価項目
    統計的仮説検定を理解する
    統計的な有意差と臨床的に意味のある差
    統計的過誤という概念
    研究に必要な症例数の決め方
    一次アウトカムとは？

    第2講2限目　設定されている一次アウトカムは何か？
    研究結果を見てみる
    FREED試験の結果が，いかに曖昧なのかを予備校の合格実績で考えてみる
    研修会の終わりに

    第3講1限目　プラセボ効果の威力とPROBEの罠
    オープンラベル試験とその問題点
    疾患の自然治癒
    侮れないプラセボ効果
    プラセボ効果で死亡リスクは減るのか？
    ピグマリオン効果とホーソン効果
    薬剤効果検証試験ではefficacyのみを検出したい
    二重盲検法が採用できないケース
    PROBEの問題点
    PROBE試験の例

    第3講2限目　プラセボ効果の活用を考える
    論文のPECOを確認する
    研究の結果は？
    プラセボ効果のメカニズム

    第4講1限目　ランダム化は保持されているか？　非劣性を見るとはどういうことか？
    Per Protocol Set: PPS
    Intention-to-treat: ITT
    Full Analysis Set：FAS
    どんな手法で解析するのがベストか？
    追跡状況を見る
    非劣性試験とは
    非劣性を示すにはどうすれば良い？
    統計的有意とはどういうことか？
    有意差なし≠効果なし
    非劣性の検討ロジック
    非劣性マージンをどう決めているのか？─仮想プラセボという考え方
    糖尿病治療薬の臨床試験を巡るあれこれ
    非劣性試験の解析方法

    第4講2限目　非劣性試験論文を読む
    研究デザインと論文のPECOを確認する
    解析方法を確認する
    サンプルサイズについて
    論文の結果を見る
    そもそも，高尿酸血症は心血管疾患や死亡のリスク因子なのか？
    ■Column　アロプリノールかフェブキソスタットか？

    第5講1限目　文献検索をしてみる！
    情報の鮮度という問題
    情報検索戦略
    PECOTによる定式化と疑問に適した研究デザイン
    エビデンスレベルはナンセンス！
    原著論文と総説論文
    PubMedによる論文検索ステップ
    Googleによる論文検索ステップ
    検索ワードの注意点?：MeSHデータベースの活用
    検索ワードの注意点?：理論演算子
    PubMed Clinical QueriesとSingle Citation Matcher

    第5講2限目　クロスオーバー試験を読む
    調べたいテーマについて，実際に論文を検索してみる
    検索ワードを考える
    論文のPECOと盲検化
    クロスオーバー試験とは
    解析方法と追跡状況
    研究結果を見てみる

    第6講1限目　多変量世界へのいざない
    因果関係と相関関係
    因果関係は実在するのか？
    臨床研究における因果推論
    原因と要因を区別する
    原因の強さを考える
    原因の強さと因果パイモデル
    因果パイモデルで考える不適切処方と死亡
    因果パイモデルで考えるHPV感染と子宮頸がん
    そもそも，それは真に原因か？ 交絡を考える
    コホート研究
    コホート研究の具体例と研究手法上の限界

    第6講2限目　コホート研究論文を読む
    疑問の定式化
    論文のPECOを探る
    研究参加者の背景を探る
    交絡への配慮はどのようになされているか？
    追跡期間を確認しながら研究結果を見てみる
    ■Column　高齢者に対するスタチン一次予防効果

    第7講1限目　選択バイアスと社会疫学的視点
    前向きコホート研究/後ろ向きコホート研究
    研究結果にどんなバイアスが影響しているのか
    選択バイアス（selection bias）
    コホート研究で問題となることが多い選択バイアス
    ■Column　診断陰性例コントロールを用いた症例対照研究
    交絡の影響を防ぐための解析手法：傾向スコアマッチング
    健康の社会決定要因
    社会疫学的視点
    ソーシャル・キャピタルと生存
    収入と寿命の関係
    収入の変化と健康
    社会保障と健康問題

    第7講2限目　コホート研究論文をより深く考察する視点
    お酒を飲むことのリスクとお酒をやめることのリスク
    論文のPECOを探る
    研究結果を見てみる
    飲酒と健康リスク
    信念対立，その落としどころを探る
    信念の対立を解きほぐすために…

    第8講1限目　既存のデータを解析する
    ランダム化比較試験や前向きコホート研究の問題点
    症例対照研究の基本的な考え方
    症例対照研究におけるバイアスとそのコントロール
    症例対照研究の具体例
    「症例群」集団の特性について
    「対照群」集団の特性について
    想起バイアス（recall bias）の問題
    前向き症例対照研究
    症例対照研究と類似した研究デザイン
    ■Column　セルフコントロールド・ケースシリーズ研究

    第8講2限目　症例対照研究論文を読む
    論文のPECOを読み解く
    疾病の誘導期間と曝露
    どんな薬剤が曝露として検討されていた？
    配慮された交絡因子は？
    結果を見てみる
    ■Column　ベンゾジアゼピンと認知症リスク
    ■Column　PPIと認知症リスク

    第9講1限目　研究結果を統合する
    1つの研究結果だけ眺めていても…
    複数の研究結果を見ていく必要がある
    網羅的に集めるにはどうすれば良いか
    集められた情報の質はどう見る？
    集めた研究結果を統合する
    異質性を意識してメタ分析の結果を見る
    薬の使い分けを考えてみる
    ネットワークメタ分析
    ネットワークメタ分析の問題点

    第9講2限目　システマティックレビュー・メタ分析論文を読む
    論文のPECOを探る
    メタ分析の4つのバイアスを評価する
    メタ分析の結果を見ながら異質性も評価してみる
    薬剤効果の文脈依存性を考える

    第10講　 エビデンスはどこまで可能か？─表現としての医療
    公衆衛生と生活のギャップ
    人の情動や関心とエビデンス
    プロスペクト理論で考える
    公衆衛生と生活の間に立ちはだかるジレンマ
    エビデンスはどこまで可能か？
    臨床アウトカムの多因子性
    薬剤効果の極小性
    表現方法によって変わる薬剤効果認識
    エビデンスに付加されたナラティブの可能性
    立ち上がる倫理的な問題（公衆衛生と意思決定）

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

introduction 科学的に考えるということ ( 科学と疑似科学の境界 )

P.12 掲載の参考文献
1) Straus SE, et al. Evidence-Based Medicine : How to Practice and Teach EBM. 5th ed. Elsevier ; 2018.
 
2) 野矢茂樹. 大人のための国語ゼミ. 東京 : 山川出版社 ; 2017.
 
3) トーマス・クーン, 著. 中山茂, 翻訳. 科学革命の構造. 東京 : みすず書房 ; 1971.
 
4) Ernst E. Homoeopathy : past, present and future. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1997 ; 44 : 435-7. PMID : 9384459
 
5) Mathie RT, et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of non-individualised homeopathic treatment : systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2017 ; 6 : 63. PMID : 28340607
 
6) Cucherat M, et al. Evidence of clinical efficacy of homeopathy. A meta-analysis of clinical trials. HMRAG. Homeopathic Medicines Research Advisory Group. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2000 ; 56 : 27-33. PMID : 10853874
 
7) Ernst E, et al. A systematic review of systematic reviews of homeopathy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002 ; 54 : 577-82. PMID : 12492603
 
8) Ernst E. Homeopathy : what does the "best" evidence tell us? Med J Aust. 2010 ; 192 : 458-60. PMID : 20402610
 
9) Shang A, et al. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy. Lancet. 2005 ; 366 : 726-32. PMID : 16125589
 
10) 日本医学会「ホメオパシー」への対応について (http://jams.med.or.jp/news/013.html)
 
11) Hume N. Is there an association between astrological data and personality? J Clin Psychol. 1977 ; 33 : 711-3. PMID : 893697
 
12) 大竹文雄, 平井啓. 医療現場の行動経済学 : すれ違う医者と患者. 東京 : 東洋経済新報社 ; 2018.
 
13) 青島周一. 日経ドラックインフォメーションオンライン. プラズマ乳酸菌に感染予防効果はある? (https://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/mem/pub/di/column/aoshima2/201812/559226.html)
 
14) 青島周一. 日経ドラックインフォメーションオンライン. 「空間除菌」に感染症予防効果は期待できる? (https://medical.nikkeibp.co.jp/leaf/mem/pub/di/column/aoshima2/201810/558305.html)
 
15) EBM普及推進事業Minds「診療ガイドラインとは」 (https://minds.jcqhc.or.jp/s/about_guideline)
 
16) Fanaroff AC, et al. Levels of Evidence Supporting American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and European Society of Cardiology Guidelines, 2008-2018. JAMA. 2019 ; 321 : 1069-80. PMID : 30874755
 
17) 日本東洋医学会. 漢方EBM (http://www.jsom.or.jp/medical/ebm/index.html)
 
18) Nishioka M, et al. The Kampo medicine, Goshajinkigan, prevents neuropathy in patients treated by FOLFOX regimen. Int J Clin Oncol. 2011 ; 16 : 322-7. PMID : 21258836
 
19) Oki E, et al. Preventive effect of Goshajinkigan on peripheral neurotoxicity of FOLFOX therapy (GENIUS trial) : a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized phase III study. Int J Clin Oncol. 2015 ; 20 : 767-75. PMID : 25627820
 
20) Ishimaru N, et al. Rapid effects of Kikyo-to on sore throat pain associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection. J Complement Integr Med. 2013 ; 11 : 51-4. PMID : 24356393
 
21) Ishimaru N, et al. Kikyo-to vs. placebo on sore throat associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection : A randomized controlled trial. Intern Med. 2019 ; 58 : 2459-65. PMID : 31178508
 
22) Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA. 1991 ; 265 : 3255-64. PMID : 2046107
 
23) Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group, Nathan DM, et al. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993 ; 329 : 977-86. PMID : 8366922
 
24) Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998 ; 352 : 837-53. PMID : 9742976
 
25) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 358 : 2545-59. PMID : 18539917
 
26) 日本糖尿病学会. 熊本宣言 2013-あなたとあなたの大切な人のために Keep your A1c below 7%. (http://www.jds.or.jp/modules/important/index.php?page=article&storyid=42)
 
27) 日本糖尿病学会. 高齢者糖尿病の血糖コントロール目標について. (http://www.jds.or.jp/modules/important/index.php?page=article&storyid=66)
 
28) Qaseem A, et al. Hemoglobin A1c targets for glycemic control with pharmacologic therapy for nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus : A guidance statement update from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2018 ; 168 : 569-76. PMID : 29507945
 

第1講1限目 PECOとランダム化比較試験

P.30 掲載の参考文献
1) Osheroff JA, et al. Physicians' information needs : analysis of questions posed during clinical teaching. Ann Intern Med. 1991 ; 114 : 576-81. PMID : 2001091
 
2) Shikamura Y, et al. [Survey on the awareness of community pharmacists about raising pharmaceutical questions regarding prescriptions issued by physicians]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2011 ; 131 : 1509-18. PMID : 21963979
 
3) Boye KS, et al. Generalizability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist cardiovascular outcome trials to the overall type 2 diabetes population in the United States. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019 ; 21 : 1299-304. PMID : 30714309
 
4) Haynes RB, et al. Physicians' and patients' choices in evidence based practice. BMJ. 2002 ; 324 : 1350. PMID : 12052789
 

第1講2限目 ランダム化比較試験論文を読む

P.40 掲載の参考文献
1) Hori M, et al. Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of lung cancer in Japan : a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2016 ; 46 : 942-51. PMID : 27511987
 
2) Cao S, et al. The health effects of passive smoking : An overview of systematic reviews based on observational epidemiological evidence. PLoS One. 2015 ; 10 : e0139907. PMID : 26440943
 
3) Tanaka S, et al. Secondhand smoke and incidence of dental caries in deciduous teeth among children in Japan : population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2015 ; 351 : h5397. PMID : 26489750
 
4) Katanoda K, et al. Population attributable fraction of mortality associated with tobacco smoking in Japan : a pooled analysis of three large-scale cohort studies. J Epidemiol. 2008 ; 18 : 251-64. PMID : 19075498
 
5) Sakata R, et al. Impact of smoking on mortality and life expectancy in Japanese smokers : a prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2012 ; 345 : e7093. PMID : 23100333
 
6) Jha P, et al. 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013 ; 368 : 341-50. PMID : 23343063
 
7) Pirie K, et al. The 21st century hazards of smoking and benefits of stopping : a prospective study of one million women in the UK. Lancet. 2013 ; 381 : 133-41. PMID : 23107252
 
8) Hackshaw A, et al. Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke : meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports. BMJ. 2018 ; 360 : j5855. PMID : 29367388
 
9) Gellert C, et al. Smoking and all-cause mortality in older people : systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2012 ; 172 : 837-44. PMID : 22688992
 
10) Aubin HJ, et al. Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes : meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012 ; 345 : e4439. PMID : 22782848
 
11) Hu Y, et al. Smoking cessation, weight change, type 2 diabetes, and mortality. N Engl J Med. 2018 ; 379 : 623-32. PMID : 30110591
 
12) Clair C, et al. Association of smoking cessation and weight change with cardiovascular disease among adults with and without diabetes. JAMA. 2013 ; 309 : 1014-21. PMID : 23483176
 
13) Kenfield SA, et al. Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to mortality in women. JAMA. 2008 ; 299 : 2037-47. PMID : 18460664
 

第2講1限目 問いを立て, 検証する

P.54 掲載の参考文献
1) カール・R. ポパー. 客観的知識-進化論的アプローチ. 東京 : 木鐸社 ; 2004.
 
2) Birks J, et al. Donepezil for dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 ; (1) : CD001190. PMID : 16437430
 
3) Wimo A, et al. Impact of donepezil treatment for Alzheimer's disease on caregiver time. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 ; 20 : 1221-5. PMID : 15324524
 
4) Howard R, et al. Nursing home placement in the Donepezil and Memantine in Moderate to Severe Alzheimer's Disease (DOMINO-AD) trial : secondary and post-hoc analyses. Lancet Neurol. 2015 ; 14 : 1171-81. PMID : 26515660
 
5) Mueller C, et al. Associations of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment with reduced mortality in Alzheimer's disease : a retrospective survival analysis. Age Ageing. 2018 ; 47 : 88-94. PMID : 28655175
 
6) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 358 : 2545-59. PMID : 18539917
 
7) Echt DS, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991 ; 324 : 781-8. PMID : 1900101
 

第3講1限目 プラセボ効果の威力とPROBEの罠

P.78 掲載の参考文献
1) Kojima S, et al. Febuxostat for Cerebral and CaRdiorenovascular Events PrEvEntion StuDy. Eur Heart J. 2019 ; 40 : 1778-86. PMID : 30844048
 
2) Febuxostat for Cerebral and caRdiorenovascular Events prEvEntion stuDy (FREED) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01984749
PubMed
3) Paul IM, et al. Placebo effect in the treatment of acute cough in infants and toddlers : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr. 2014 ; 168 : 1107-13. PMID : 25347696
 
4) Al-Lamee R, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA) : a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018 ; 391 : 31-40. PMID : 29103656
 
5) Pfingsten M, et al. Fear-avoidance behavior and anticipation of pain in patients with chronic low back pain : a randomized controlled study. Pain Med. 2001 ; 2 : 259-66. PMID : 15102230
 
6) Gupta A, et al. Adverse events associated with unblinded, but not with blinded, statin therapy in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Lipid-Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA) : a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial and its non-randomised non-blind extension phase. Lancet. 2017 ; 389 : 2473-81. PMID : 28476288
 
7) Rief W, et al. Differences in adverse effect reporting in placebo groups in SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant trials : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2009 ; 32 : 1041-56. PMID : 19810776
 
8) Espay AJ, et al. Placebo effect of medication cost in Parkinson disease : a randomized double-blind study. Neurology. 2015 ; 84 : 794-802. PMID : 25632091
 
9) Simpson SH, et al. A meta-analysis of the association between adherence to drug therapy and mortality. BMJ. 2006 ; 333 : 15. PMID : 16790458
 
10) Patrick AR, et al. The association between statin use and outcomes potentially attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle in older adults. Value Health. 2011 ; 14 : 513-20. PMID : 21669377
 
11) Dormuth CR, et al. Statin adherence and risk of accidents : a cautionary tale. Circulation. 2009 ; 119 : 2051-7. PMID ; 19349320
 
12) Rosenthal R, Jacobson L. "Pygmalion in the classroom". Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 1968.
 
13) Savovic J, et al. Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2012 ; 157 : 429-38. PMID : 22945832
 
14) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group, Gerstein HC, et al. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 358 : 2545-59. PMID : 18539917
 
15) 沢田尚久. シリーズ : 日本発臨床研究の紹介と反省点を語る KYOTO HEART Study. 日本内科学会雑誌. 2012 ; 101 : 190-6. DOI : 10.2169/naika.101.190
 
16) Mochizuki S, et al. Valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (Jikei Heart Study) : a randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint morbidity-mortality study. Lancet. 2007 ; 369 : 1431-9. PMID : 17467513
 
17) 東京慈恵会医科大学Jikei Heart Study調査委員会. 臨床試験『Jikei Heart Study』に関する調査委員会最終報告書 (2014年12月12日) http://www.jikei.ac.jp/news/pdf/jhs.pdf
 

第3講2限目 プラセボ効果の活用を考える

P.89 掲載の参考文献
1) Pincus T, et al. A systematic review of psychological factors as predictors of chronicity/disability in prospective cohorts of low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 ; 27 : E109-20. PMID : 11880847
 
2) Pinheiro MB, et al. Symptoms of depression and risk of new episodes of low back pain : A systematic review and meta-analysis. arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2015 ; 67 : 1591-603. PMID : 25989342
 
3) Leeuw M, et al. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain : current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007 ; 30 : 77-94. PMID : 17180640
 
4) Wongrakpanich S, et al. A comprehensive review of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in the elderly. Aging Dis. 2018 ; 9 : 143-50. PMID : 29392089
 
5) Makani H, et al. Peripheral edema associated with calcium channel blockers : incidence and withdrawal rate--a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2011 ; 29 : 1270-80. PMID : 21558959
 
6) Gurwitz JH, et al. Initiation of antihypertensive treatment during nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. JAMA. 1994 ; 272 (10) : 781-6. PMID : 8078142
 
7) Machado GC, et al. Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis : systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ. 2015 ; 350 : h1225. PMID : 25828856
 
8) Williams CM, et al. Efficacy of paracetamol for acute low-back pain : a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Jul 23. pii : S0140-6736 (14) 60805-9. PMID : 25064594
 
9) Roelofs PD, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 ; (1) : CD000396. PMID : 18253976
 
10) 過敏性腸症候群 (PLoS One. 2010 Dec 22 ; 5 : e15591 PMID : 21203519) アレルギー性鼻炎 (Psychother Psychosom. 2016 ; 85 : 373-4. PMID : 27744433, PLoS One. 2018 ; 13 : e0192758. PMID : 29513699), がん関連疲労 (Sci Rep. 2018 ; 8 : 2784. PMID : 29426869)
 
11) Charlesworth JEG, et al. Effects of placebos without deception compared with no treatment : A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med. 2017 ; 10 : 97-107. PMID : 28452193
 
12) Hrobjartsson A, et al. Placebo effect studies are susceptible to response bias and to other types of biases. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011 ; 64 : 1223-9. PMID : 21524568
 
13) Finniss DG, et al. Biological, clinical, and ethical advances of placebo effects. Lancet. 2010 ; 375 : 686-95. PMID : 20171404
 

第4講1限目 ランダム化は保持されているか ? 非劣性を見るとはどういうことか ?

P.112 掲載の参考文献
1) Wilt TJ, et al. Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012 ; 367 : 203-13. PMID : 22808955
 
2) Abraha I, et al. Deviation from intention to treat analysis in randomised trials and treatment effect estimates : meta-epidemiological study. BMJ. 2015 ; 350 : h2445. PMID : 26016488
 
3) Gage BF, et al. Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke : results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. JAMA. 2001 ; 285 : 2864-70. PMID : 11401607
 
4) Singer DE, et al. The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med. 2009 ; 151 : 297-305. PMID : 19721017
 
5) Guidance for Industry Diabetes Mellitus ─ Evaluating Cardiovascular Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies to Treat Type 2 Diabetes.
 
6) Hahn S. Understanding noninferiority trials. Korean J Pediatr. 2012 ; 55 : 403-7. PMID : 23227058
 
7) 丹後俊郎. 非劣性と優越性との交換と非劣性マージンの選択に関する統計的論点について. 計量生物学. 2006 ; 27 (Special_Issue号) S116-S9. Doi:10.5691/jjb.27.S116
 
8) Patel MR, et al. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2011 ; 365 : 883-91. PMID : 21830957
 
9) Bikdeli B, et al. Noninferiority designed cardiovascular trials in highest-impact journals. Circulation. 2019 ; 140 : 379-89. PMID : 31177811
 

第4講2限目 非劣性試験論文を読む

P.122 掲載の参考文献
1) Hahn S. Understanding noninferiority trials. Korean J Pediatr. 2012 ; 55 : 403-7. PMID : 23227058
 
2) FDA adds Boxed Warning for increased risk of death with gout medicine Uloric (febuxostat) (https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-adds-boxedwarning-increased-risk-death-gout-medicine-uloric-febuxostat)
 
3) van Durme C, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities in patients with hyperuricemia and/or gout : a systematic review of the literature. J Rheumatol Suppl. 2014 ; 92 : 9-14. PMID : 25180123
PubMed
4) Nossent J, et al. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia is not an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events or overall mortality in the general population of the Busselton Health Study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016 ; 16 : 256. PMID : 27978810
PubMed
5) 日本痛風・核酸代謝学会. 高尿酸血症・痛風の治療ガイドライン. 第3版. https://www.tukaku.jp/guideline/
 
6) Qaseem A, et al. Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout : A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017 ; 166 : 58-68. PMID : 27802508
 
7) Pisano A, et al. Xanthine oxidase inhibitors for improving renal function in chronic kidney disease patients : An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 ; 18. PMID : 29088122
 
8) Yang CY, et al. Allopurinol use and risk of fatal hypersensitivity reactions : A nationwide population-based study in Taiwan. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 ; 175 : 1550-7. PMID : 26193384
 
9) Vargas-Santos AB, et al. Association of chronic kidney disease with allopurinol use in gout treatment. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 ; 178 : 1526-33. PMID : 30304329
 
10) Jutkowitz E, et al. Cost-effectiveness of allopurinol and febuxostat for the management of gout. Ann Intern Med. 2014 ; 161 : 617-26. PMID : 25364883
 
11) Cohen JT, et al. Does preventive care save money? Health economics and the presidential candidates. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 358 : 661-3. PMID : 18272889
 
12) Coburn BW, et al. Allopurinol dose escalation and mortality among patients with gout : A national propensity-matched cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018 ; 70 : 1298-307. PMID : 29513934
 

第5講1限目 文献検索をしてみる !

P.142 掲載の参考文献
1) Shojania KG, et al. How quickly do systematic reviews go out of date? A survival analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2007 ; 147 : 224-33. PMID : 17638714
 
2) McKibbon KA, et al. What do evidence-based secondary journals tell us about the publication of clinically important articles in primary healthcare journals? BMC Med. 2004 ; 2 : 33. PMID : 15350200
 
3) DiCenso A, et al. ACP Journal Club. Editorial : Accessing preappraised evidence : fine-tuning the 5S model into a 6S model. Ann Intern Med. 2009 ; 151 : JC3-2, JC3-3. PMID : 19755349
 
4) 週刊医学界新聞. 第3080号. 信頼性の高い情報を「探して」「つなぐ」専門図書館と司書 (https://www.igaku-shoin.co.jp/paperDetail.do?id=PA03080_04)
 
5) Eriksen MB, et al. The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality : a systematic review. J Med Libr Assoc. 2018 ; 106 : 420-31. PMID : 30271283
 
6) Murad MH, et al. New evidence pyramid. Evid Based Med. 2016 ; 21 : 125-7. PMID : 27339128
 
7) Sayyah Ensan L, et al. To compare PubMed Clinical Queries and UpToDate in teaching information mastery to clinical residents : a crossover randomized controlled trial. PLoS One. 2011 ; 6 : e23487. PMID : 21858142
 
8) Scaffidi MA, et al. Comparison of the Impact of Wikipedia, UpToDate, and a Digital Textbook on Short-Term Knowledge Acquisition Among Medical Students : Randomized Controlled Trial of Three Web-Based Resources. JMIR Med Educ. 2017 ; 3 : e20. PMID : 29089291
 

第6講1限目 多変量世界へのいざない

P.173 掲載の参考文献
1) 國分功一郎. 中動態の世界. 意志と責任の考古学. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2017.
 
2) Smith GC, et al. Parachute use to prevent death and major trauma related to gravitational challenge : systematic review of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2003 ; 327 : 1459-61. PMID : 14684649
 
3) Hill AB. The environment and disease : Association or causation? Proc R Soc Med. 1965 ; 58 : 295-300. PMID : 14283879
 
4) Kievit RA, et al. Simpson's paradox in psychological science : a practical guide. Front Psychol. 2013 ; 4 : 513. PMID : 23964259
 
5) Diaz-Gutierrez MJ, et al. Relationship between the use of benzodiazepines and falls in older adults : A systematic review. Maturitas. 2017 ; 101 : 17-22. PMID : 28539164
 
6) Brandt J, et al. Benzodiazepines and Z-Drugs : An Updated Review of Major Adverse Outcomes Reported on in Epidemiologic Research. Drugs R D. 2017 ; 17 : 493-507. PMID : 28865038
 
7) Boye ND, et al. Effectiveness of medication withdrawal in older fallers : results from the Improving Medication Prescribing to reduce Risk Of FALLs (IMPROveFALL) trial. Age Ageing. 2017 ; 46 : 142-6. PMID : 28181639
 
8) Rothman KJ. Epidemiology. An introduction. 2nd ed. New York : Oxford Univ. Press ; 2012.
 
9) Wensink M, et al. The causal pie model : an epidemiological method applied to evolutionary biology and ecology. Ecol Evol. 2014 ; 4 : 1924-30. PMID : 24963386
 
10) Counter D, et al. Hospital readmissions, mortality and potentially inappropriate prescribing : a retrospective study of older adults discharged from hospital. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2018 ; 84 : 1757-63. PMID : 29744901
 
11) Huiskes VJ, et al. Effectiveness of medication review : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Fam Pract. 2017 ; 18 : 5. PMID : 28095780
 
12) Franco EL, et al. Cervical cancer : epidemiology, prevention and the role of human papillomavirus infection. CMAJ. 2001 ; 164 : 1017-25. PMID : 11314432
 
13) Mok A, et al. Physical activity trajectories and mortality : population based cohort study. BMJ. 2019 ; 365 : 12323. PMID : 31243014
 

第6講2限目 コホート研究論文を読む

P.186 掲載の参考文献
1) Meropol SB, et al. Risks and benefits associated with antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections : a cohort study. Ann Fam Med. 2013 ; 11 : 165-72. PMID : 23508604
 
2) Ofori-Asenso R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the factors associated with nonadherence and discontinuation of statins among people aged ≧ 65 years. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2018 ; 73 : 798-805. PMID : 29360935
 
3) US Preventive Services Task Force, Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Statin Use for the Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults : US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2016 ; 316 : 1997-2007. PMID : 27838723
 
4) Petersen LK, et al. Lipid-lowering treatment to the end? A review of observational studies and RCTs on cholesterol and mortality in 80+ -year olds. Age Ageing. 2010 ; 39 : 674-80. PMID : 20952373
 
5) Strandberg TE, et al. Evaluation and treatment of older patients with hypercholesterolemia : a clinical review. JAMA. 2014 ; 312 : 1136-44. PMID : 25226479
 
6) Pedro-Botet J, et al. Statins for primary cardiovascular prevention in the elderly. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2015 ; 12 : 431-8. PMID : 26345308
 
7) Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of statin therapy in older people : a meta-analysis of individual participant data from 28 randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2019 ; 393 : 407-15. PMID : 30712900
 
8) A Clinical Trial of STAtin Therapy for Reducing Events in the Elderly (http://www.staree.org.au/)
 

第7講1限目 選択バイアスと社会疫学的視点

P.208 掲載の参考文献
1) Patrick AR, et al. The association between statin use and outcomes potentially attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle in older adults. Value Health. 2011 ; 14 : 513-20. PMID : 21669377
 
2) Jackson LA, et al. Functional status is a confounder of the association of influenza vaccine and risk of all cause mortality in seniors. Int J Epidemiol. 2006 ; 35 : 345-52. PMID : 16368724
 
3) Jackson LA, et al. Evidence of bias in estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness in seniors. Epidemiol. 2006 ; 35 : 337-44. PMID : 16368725
 
4) Remschmidt C, et al. Frequency and impact of confounding by indication and healthy vaccinee bias in observational studies assessing influenza vaccine effectiveness : a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 ; 15 : 429. PMID : 26474974
 
5) Ozasa K, et al. Commentary : Test-negative design reduces confounding by health-care-seeking attitude in case-control studies. J Epidemiol. 2019 ; 29 : 279-81. PMID : 30416164
 
6) Chowdhury R, et al. Healthy worker effect phenomenon : Revisited with emphasis on statistical methods-A review. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2017 ; 21 : 2-8. PMID : 29391741
 
7) Shah D. Healthy worker effect phenomenon. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2009 ; 13 : 77-9. PMID : 20386623
 
8) Sin DD, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of mortality and readmission in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 ; 164 : 580-4. PMID : 11520719
 
9) Suissa S. Effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : immortal time bias in observational studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003 ; 168 : 49-53. PMID : 12663327
 
10) Reiffel JA. Propensity score matching : The 'devil is in the details' where more may be hidden than you know. Am J Med. 2019 Oct 13. [Epub ahead of print] PMID : 31618617
 
11) Schroeder SA. Shattuck lecture. We can do better--improving the health of the American people. N Engl J Med. 2007 ; 357 : 1221-8. PMID : 17881753
 
12) Marmot M, et al. Social determinants of health equity. Am J Public Health. 2014 ; 104 Suppl 4 : S517-9. PMID : 25100411
 
13) Freij M, et al. Incorporating social determinants of health in electronic health records : Qualitative study of current practices among top vendors. JMIR Med Inform. 2019 ; 7 : e13849. PMID : 31199345
 
14) Bircher J, et al. Defining health by addressing individual, social, and environmental determinants : new opportunities for health care and public health. J Public Health Policy. 2014 ; 35 : 363-86. PMID : 24943659
 
15) Berkman LF, et al. A historical framework for social epidemiology. In : Berkman LF, Kawachi I, eds. Social epidemiology. New York : Oxford University Press ; 2000. p.3-12.
 
16) Braveman P. The social determinants of health : it's time to consider the causes of the causes. Public Health Rep. 2014 ; 129 Suppl 2 : 19-31. PMID : 24385661
 
17) Holt-Lunstad J, et al. Social relationships and mortality risk : a meta-analytic review. PLoS Med. 2010 ; 7 : e1000316. PMID : 20668659
 
18) Aida J, et al. Risk of mortality during and after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami among older coastal residents. Sci Rep. 2017 ; 7 : 16591. PMID : 29185489
 
19) Chetty R, et al. The association between income and life expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014. JAMA. 2016 ; 315 : 1750-66. PMID : 27063997
 
20) Wang SY, et al. Longitudinal associations between income changes and incident cardiovascular disease : The atherosclerosis risk in communities study. JAMA Cardiol. 2019 Oct 9. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID : 31596441
 
21) Kondo N. Socioeconomic disparities and health : impacts and pathways. J Epidemiol. 2012 ; 22 : 2-6. PMID : 22156290
 

第7講2限目 コホート研究論文をより深く考察する視点

P.224 掲載の参考文献
1) Smyth A, et al. Physical activity and anger or emotional upset as triggers of acute myocardial infarction : The INTERHEART Study. Circulation. 2016 ; 134 : 1059-67. PMID : 27753614
 
2) Ghadri JR, et al. Happy heart syndrome : role of positive emotional stress in takotsubo syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2016 ; 37 : 2823-9. PMID : 26935270
 
3) Zhao J, et al. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of laughter and humor interventions on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adults. J Adv Nurs. 2019 Mar 18. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID : 30882915
 
4) Ayling K, et al. Positive mood on the day of influenza vaccination predicts vaccine effectiveness : A prospective observational cohort study. Brain Behav Immun. 2018 ; 67 : 314-23. PMID : 28923405
 
5) 山形県コホート研究 (http://www.id.yamagata-u.ac.jp/IPMSR/project.html)
 
6) Saito E, et al. Impact of alcohol intake and drinking patterns on mortality from all causes and major causes of death in a Japanese population. J Epidemiol. 2018 ; 28 : 140-8. PMID : 29129895
 
7) Wood AM, et al. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption : combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. Lancet. 2018 ; 391 : 1513-23. PMID : 29676281
 
8) GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2018 ; 392 : 1015-35. PMID : 30146330
 
9) Marugame T, et al. Patterns of alcohol drinking and all-cause mortality : results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. Am J Epidemiol. 2007 ; 165 : 1039-46. PMID : 17344205
 
10) Kido M, et al. Acute effects of traditional Japanese alcohol beverages on blood glucose and polysomnography levels in healthy subjects. PeerJ. 2016 ; 4 : e1853. PMID : 27069795
 
11) 京極真. 医療関係者のための信念対立解明アプローチ : コミュニケーション・スキル入門. 東京 : 誠信書房 ; 2011.
 

第8講1限目 既存のデータを解析する

P.241 掲載の参考文献
1) Mendonca FM, et al. Three cases of bullous pemphigoid associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors-One due to linagliptin. Dermatology. 2016 ; 232 : 249-53. PMID : 26820308
 
2) Bene J, et al. Bullous pemphigoid induced by vildagliptin : a report of three cases. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2015 ; 29 : 112-4. PMID : 24861252
 
3) Lewallen S, et al. Epidemiology in practice : case-control studies. Community Eye Health. 1998 ; 11 : 57-8. PMID : 17492047
 
4) Thomas SV, et al. Design and data analysis case-controlled study in clinical research. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2013 ; 16 : 483-7. PMID : 24339564
 
5) Lee SG, et al. Association of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor use with risk of bullous pemphigoid in patients with diabetes. JAMA Dermatol. 2019 ; 155 : 172-7. PMID : 30624566
 
6) 横山徹爾, 他. オッズ比と相対危険の関係. 日本循環器管理研究協議会雑誌. 1998 ; 33 : 36-9. DOI : 10.11381/jjcdp1974.33.36
 
7) Hurwitz ES, et al. Public Health Service study of Reye's syndrome and medications. Report of the main study. JAMA. 1987 ; 257 : 1905-11. PMID : 3820509
 
8) Etienney I, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as a risk factor for acute diarrhoea : a case crossover study. Gut. 2003 ; 52 : 260-3. PMID : 12524410
 
9) Douglas IJ, et al. The risk of fractures associated with thiazolidinediones : a self-controlled case-series study. PLoS Med. 2009 ; 6 : e1000154. PMID : 19787025
 

第8講2限目 症例対照研究論文を読む

P.253 掲載の参考文献
1) Lyketsos CG, et al. Prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia and mild cognitive impairment : results from the cardiovascular health study. JAMA. 2002 ; 288 : 1475-83. PMID : 12243634
 
2) Amieva H, et al. Prodromal Alzheimer's disease : successive emergence of the clinical symptoms. Ann Neurol. 2008 ; 64 : 492-8. PMID : 19067364
 
3) Stricker BH, et al. Analysis of individual drug use as a time-varying determinant of exposure in prospective population-based cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010 ; 25 : 245-51. PMID : 20358262
 
4) Killin LO, et al. Environmental risk factors for dementia : a systematic review. BMC Geriatr. 2016 ; 16 : 175. PMID : 27729011
 
5) Barnes DE, et al. The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence. Lancet Neurol. 2011 ; 10 : 819-28. PMID : 21775213
 
6) He Q, et al. Risk of dementia in long-term benzodiazepine users : Evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies. J Clin Neurol. 2019 ; 15 : 9-19. PMID : 30375757
 
7) Gray SL, et al. Benzodiazepine use and risk of incident dementia or cognitive decline : prospective population based study. BMJ. 2016 ; 352 : i90. PMID : 26837813
 
8) Imfeld P, et al. Benzodiazepine use and risk of developing Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia : A case-control analysis. Drug Saf. 2015 ; 38 : 909-19. PMID : 26123874
PubMed
9) Gomm W, et al. Association of proton pump inhibitors with risk of dementia : A pharma-coepidemiological claims data analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2016 ; 73 : 410-6. PMID : 26882076
 
10) Tai SY, et al. Risk of dementia from proton pump inhibitor use in Asian population : A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan. PLoS One. 2017 ; 12 : e0171006. PMID : 28199356
 
11) Goldstein FC, et al. Proton Pump inhibitors and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 ; 65 : 1969-74. PMID : 28590010
 
12) Li M, et al. Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of dementia : Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 ; 98 : e14422. PMID : 30762748
 
13) Badiola N, et al. The proton-pump inhibitor lansoprazole enhances amyloid beta production. PLoS One. 2013 ; 8 : e58837. PMID : 23520537
 

第9講1限目 研究結果を統合する

P.268 掲載の参考文献
1) Taylor F, et al. Statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 ; (1) : CD004816. PMID : 23440795
 
2) Gutierrez J, et al. Statin therapy in the prevention of recurrent cardiovascular events : a sex-based meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2012 ; 172 : 909-19. PMID : 22732744
 
3) Nakamura H, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with pravastatin in Japan (MEGA Study) : a prospective randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 ; 368 : 1155-63. PMID : 17011942 (この研究においてプラバスタチンの複合冠動脈疾患イベントに対するNNTは5.3年間の追跡で119).
 
4) Rossebo AB, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with simvastatin and ezetimibe in aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2008 ; 359 : 1343-56. PMID : 18765433
 
5) Baigent C, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection) : a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 ; 377 : 2181-92. PMID : 21663949
 
6) Cannon CP, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015 ; 372 : 2387-97. PMID : 26039521
 
7) Ouchi Y, et al. Ezetimibe lipid-lowering trial on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 75 or older (EWTOPIA 75) : A randomized, controlled trial. Circulation. 2019 ; 140 : 992-1003. PMID : 31434507
 
8) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (https://training.cochrane.org/handbook)
 
9) Bassler D, et al. Stopping randomized trials early for benefit and estimation of treatment effects : systematic review and meta-regression analysis. JAMA. 2010 ; 303 : 1180-7. PMID : 20332404
 
10) Savovic J, et al. Influence of reported study design characteristics on intervention effect estimates from randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med. 2012 ; 157 : 429-38. PMID : 22945832
 
11) Lewis S, et al. Forest plots : trying to see the wood and the trees. BMJ. 2001 ; 322 : 1479-80. PMID : 11408310
 
12) Lathyris DN, et al. Industry sponsorship and selection of comparators in randomized clinical trials. Eur J Clin Invest. 2010 ; 40 : 172-82. PMID : 20050879
 
13) Jansen JP, et al. Interpreting indirect treatment comparisons and network meta-analysis for health-care decision making : report of the ISPOR Task Force on Indirect Treatment Comparisons Good Research Practices : part 1. Value Health. 2011 ; 14 : 417-28. PMID : 21669366
 
14) Mo F, et al. Effect and safety of antithrombotic therapies for secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome : a network meta-analysis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2018 ; 12 : 3583-94. PMID : 30498334
 
15) Tonin FS, et al. Network meta-analysis : a technique to gather evidence from direct and indirect comparisons. Pharm Pract (Granada). 2017 ; 15 : 943. PMID : 28503228
 
16) Bafeta A, et al. Analysis of the systematic reviews process in reports of network meta-analyses : methodological systematic review. BMJ. 2013 ; 347 : f3675. PMID : 23818558
 
17) Bafeta A, et al. Reporting of results from network meta-analyses : methodological systematic review. BMJ. 2014 ; 348 : g1741. PMID : 24618053
 

第9講2限目 システマティックレビュー・メタ分析論文を読む

P.282 掲載の参考文献
1) Urashima M, et al. Randomized trial of vitamin D supplementation to prevent seasonal influenza A in schoolchildren. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 ; 91 : 1255-60. PMID : 20219962
 

第10講 エビデンスはどこまで可能か ? - 表現としての医療

P.295 掲載の参考文献
1) Franco EL, et al. Cervical cancer : epidemiology, prevention and the role of human papillomavirus infection. CMAJ. 2001 ; 164 : 1017-25. PMID : 11314432
 
2) Simms KT, et al. Impact of scaled up human papillomavirus vaccination and cervical screening and the potential for global elimination of cervical cancer in 181 countries, 2020-99 : a modelling study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 ; 20 : 394-407. PMID : 30795950
 
3) Okuhara T, et al. Newspaper coverage before and after the HPV vaccination crisis began in Japan : a text mining analysis. BMC Public Health. 2019 ; 19 : 770. PMID : 31208394
 
4) 日本薬剤師会. 後期高齢者の服薬における問題と薬剤師の在宅患者訪問薬剤管理指導ならびに居宅療養管理指導の効果に関する調査研究報告書〔平成19年度老人保健事業推進費等補助金 (老人保健健康増進等事業)〕2008. p.11. https://www.nichiyaku.or.jp/assets/uploads/activities/19houkoku.pdf
 
5) 青島周一. 高齢者におけるベンゾジアゼピン系薬剤の適正使用とは何か. アプライド・セラピューティクス. 2018 ; 9 : 25-36. DOI : 10.24783/appliedtherapeutics.9.2_25
 
6) Brandt J, et al. Benzodiazepines and Z-drugs : An updated review of major adverse outcomes reported on in epidemiologic research. Drugs R D. 2017 ; 17 : 493-507. PMID : 28865038
 
7) Neal B, et al. Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2017 ; 377 : 644-57. PMID : 28605608
 
8) Seta T, et al. Effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori eradication in the prevention of primary gastric cancer in healthy asymptomatic people : A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing risk ratio with risk difference. PLoS One. 2017 ; 12 : e0183321. PMID : 28817628
 
9) Moxey A, et al. Describing treatment effects to patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2003 ; 18 : 948-59. PMID : 14687282
 
10) Arno A, et al. The efficacy of nudge theory strategies in influencing adult dietary behaviour : a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2016 ; 16 : 676. PMID : 27475752
 
11) Carling CL, et al. The effect of alternative graphical displays used to present the benefits of antibiotics for sore throat on decisions about whether to seek treatment : a randomized trial. PLoS Med. 2009 ; 6 : e1000140. PMID : 19707579
 
12) Thaler RH. Nudge, not sludge. Science. 2018 ; 361 : 431. PMID : 30072515
 

書評

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...