1) Bosma GC, Custer RP, Bosma MJ. A severe combined immunodeficiency mutation in the mouse. Nature. 1983 ; 301 : 527-30.
2) Mccune JM, Namikawa R, Kaneshima H, et al. The SCID-hu mouse : murine model for the analysis of human hematolymphoid differentiation and function. Science. 1988 ; 241 : 1632-9.
3) Lapidot T, Sirard C, Vormoor J, et al. A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice. Nature. 1994 ; 367 : 645-8.
4) Shultz LD, Schweitzer PA, Christianson SW, et al. Multiple defects in innate and adaptive immunologic function in NOD/LtSz-scid mice. J Immunol. 1995 ; 154 : 180-91.
6) Ito M, Hiramatsu H, Kobayashi K, et al. NOD/SCID/gamma (c) (null) mouse : an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells. Blood. 2002 ; 100 : 3175-82.
7) Shultz LD, Lyons BL, Burzenski LM, et al. Human lymphoid and myeloid cell development in NOD/LtSz-scid IL2R gamma null mice engrafted with mobilized human hemopoietic stem cells. J Immunol. 2005 ; 174 : 6477-89.
8) Thomas D, Majeti R. Biology and relevance of human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Blood. 2017 ; 129 : 1577-85.
9) Ninomiya M, Abe A, Katsumi A, et al. Homing, proliferation and survival sites of human leukemia cells in vivo in immunodeficient mice. Leukemia. 2007 ; 21 : 136-42.
10) Taussig DC, Miraki-moud F, Anjos-afonso F, et al. Anti-CD38 antibody-mediated clearance of human repopulating cells masks the heterogeneity of leukemia-initiating cells. Blood. 2008 ; 112 : 568-75.
11) Sarry JE, Murphy K, Perry R, et al. Human acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells are rare and heterogeneous when assayed in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγc-deficient mice. J Clin Invest. 2011 ; 121 : 384-95.
12) Quek L, Otto GW, Garnett C, et al. Genetically distinct leukemic stem cells in human CD34- acute myeloid leukemia are arrested at a hemopoietic precursor-like stage. J Exp Med. 2016 ; 213 : 1513-35.
13) Ley TJ, Miller C, Ding L, et al. Genomic and epigenomic landscapes of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013 ; 368 : 2059-74.
15) Kon A, Shih LY, Minamino M, et al. Recurrent mutations in multiple components of the cohesin complex in myeloid neoplasms. Nat Genet. 2013 ; 45 : 1232-7.
16) Mazumdar C, Shen Y, Xavy S, et al. Leukemia-associated cohesin mutants dominantly enforce stem cell programs and impair human hematopoietic progenitor differentiation. Cell Stem Cell. 2015 ; 17 : 675-88.
17) Morrison SJ, Spradling AC. Stem cells and niches : mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life. Cell. 2008 ; 132 : 598-611.
18) Calvi LM, Adams GB, Weibrecht KW, et al. Osteoblastic cells regulate the haematopoietic stem cell niche. Nature. 2003 ; 425 : 841-6.
19) Sugiyama T, Kohara H, Noda M, et al. Maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell pool by CXCL12-CXCR4 chemokine signaling in bone marrow stromal cell niches. Immunity. 2006 ; 25 : 977-88.
20) Ding L, Saunders TL, Enikolopov G, et al. Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells. Nature. 2012 ; 481 : 457-62.
21) Maryanovich M, Zahalka AH, Pierce H, et al. Adrenergic nerve degeneration in bone marrow drives aging of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Nat Med. 2018 ; 24 : 782-91.
22) Ishikawa F, Yoshida S, Saito Y, et al. Chemotherapy-resistant human AML stem cells home to and engraft within the bone-marrow endosteal region. Nat Biotechnol. 2007 ; 25 : 1315-21.
23) Saito Y, Uchida N, Tanaka S, et al. Induction of cell cycle entry eliminates human leukemia stem cells in a mouse model of AML. Nat Biotechnol. 2010 ; 28 : 275-80.
24) Reinisch A, Thomas D, Corces MR, et al. A humanized bone marrow ossicle xenotransplantation model enables improved engraftment of healthy and leukemic human hematopoietic cells. Nat Med. 2016 ; 22 : 812-21.
25) Kode A, Manavalan JS, Mosialou I, et al. Leukaemogenesis induced by an activating β-catenin mutation in osteoblasts. Nature. 2014 ; 506 : 240-4.
26) Hanoun M, Zhang D, Mizoguchi T, et al. Acute myelogenous leukemia-induced sympathetic neuropathy promotes malignancy in an altered hematopoietic stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell. 2014 ; 15 : 365-75.
27) Kraman M, Bambrough PJ, Arnold JN, et al. Suppression of antitumor immunity by stromal cells expressing fibroblast activation protein-alpha. Science. 2010 ; 330 : 827-30.
28) Costa A, Kieffer Y, Scholer-dahirel A, et al. Fibroblast heterogeneity and immunosuppressive environment in human breast cancer. Cancer Cell. 2018 ; 33 : 463-79. e10.
29) Yang X, Lin Y, Shi Y, et al. FAP promotes immunosuppression by cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment via STAT3-CCL2 signaling. Cancer Res. 2016 ; 76 : 4124-35.
30) Buckanovich RJ, Facciabene A, Kim S, et al. Endothelin B receptor mediates the endothelial barrier to T cell homing to tumors and disables immune therapy. Nat Med. 2008 ; 14 : 28-36.
31) Nervi B, Ramirez P, Rettig MP, et al. Chemosensitization of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) following mobilization by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. Blood. 2009 ; 113 : 6206-14.
32) Xu C, Gao X, Wei Q, et al. Stem cell factor is selectively secreted by arterial endothelial cells in bone marrow. Nat Commun. 2018 ; 9 : 2449.
33) Jaiswal S, Ebert BL. Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease. Science. 2019 ; 366.
36) Xie M, Lu C, Wang J, et al. Age-related mutations associated with clonal hematopoietic expansion and malignancies. Nat Med. 2014 ; 20 : 1472-8.
37) Saito Y, Mochizuki Y, Ogahara I, et al. Overcoming mutational complexity in acute myeloid leukemia by inhibition of critical pathways. Sci Transl Med. 2017 ; 9.
38) Jaiswal S, Natarajan P, Silver AJ, et al. Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2017 ; 377 : 111-21.
39) Majeti R. Monoclonal antibody therapy directed against human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Oncogene. 2011 ; 30 : 1009-19.
40) Advani R, Flinn I, Popplewell L, et al. CD47 Blockade by Hu5F9-G4 and Rituximab in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2018 ; 379 : 1711-21.
41) Gill S, Tasian SK, Ruella M, et al. Preclinical targeting of human acute myeloid leukemia and myeloablation using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Blood. 2014 ; 123 : 2343-54.
42) Kikushige Y, Shima T, Takayanagi S, et al. TIM-3 is a promising target to selectively kill acute myeloid leukemia stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2010 ; 7 : 708-17.
43) Irvine DA, Copland M. Targeting hedgehog in hematologic malignancy. Blood. 2012 ; 119 : 2196-204.
44) Cortes JE, Heidel FH, Hellmann A, et al. Randomized comparison of low dose cytarabine with or without glasdegib in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Leukemia. 2019 ; 33 : 379-89.