高齢者の循環器診療Q&A

出版社： 文光堂
著者：
発行日： 2021-02-05
分野： 臨床医学：内科  >  循環器一般
ISBN： 9784830619663
電子書籍版： 2021-02-05 （第1版第1刷）
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高齢社会を迎え循環器診療を必要とする高齢患者数が急増している．多くの合併症を有する高齢者の慢性心不全患者に対し，どのような治療を行えばよいのか．本書は，高齢者の心血管疾患の特徴や診断，病態の評価，治療目標など，現場が抱える悩みに，エキスパートが自らの意見を交えながらアドバイスを送る一冊．循環器専門医，プライマリケア医，老年医，および高齢者を介護するメディカルスタッフに向け，Q&Aスタイルで読みやすくまとめた．

目次

  • Part 1　疫　学
    　Q1｜高齢者で今後増加することが予想される循環器疾患は何でしょうか？

    Part 2　機　序
    　Q2｜加齢は生理的それとも病的変化，どう考えたらよいでしょうか？
    　Q3｜心臓と動脈の加齢に伴う変化を教えてください

    Part 3 診　察
    　Q4｜高齢者の心血管疾患は意外と見逃されることが多いようです．
    　　　　臨床像に関して教えてください
    　Q5｜高齢者の運動耐容能と運動時の心血管特性に関して教えてください
    　Q6｜高齢者の身体所見の取り方にコツはあるのでしょうか？必ずすべきことはありますか？
    　Q7｜合併症の多い高齢者において包括的に病態を評価するにはどうしたらよいですか？
    　Q8｜フレイルの診断と心血管疾患との関係を教えてください
    　Q9｜循環器診療をするうえで必要な認知機能評価と認知機能が低下している患者の
    　　　　対策に関して教えてください
    　Q10｜高齢心血管疾患患者における栄養状態の評価にはどのような意義があるのでしょうか？
    　　　　具体的な方法も教えてください
    　Q11｜サルコペニアや運動能力を評価するにはどうしたらよいでしょうか？
    　　　　外来でも行える簡単な方法があれば教えてください
    　Q12｜高齢者でABIとPWV（CAVI）を測定することの意義に関して教えてください
    　Q13｜高齢者における冠動脈石灰化スコアの意義に関して教えてください

    Part 4　治　療
    　Q14｜非心臓手術を予定した高齢者がいます．
    　　　　術前評価と周術期マネージメントについて教えてください
    　Q15｜高齢者静脈血栓塞栓症（VTE）の疫学と診断・治療に関して教えてください．
    　　　　DOACはどこまでするのでしょうか？

    Part 5　動脈硬化性疾患
    　Q16｜高齢者のリスク因子は中高年のそれと同じと考えてよいのでしょうか？
    　　　　そして，リスク層別化はどうしたらよいのでしょうか？
    　Q17｜高齢者の冠動脈疾患の診断はどのように行ったらよいでしょうか？
    　Q18｜高齢者の冠血行再建の適応はどう考えればよいのでしょうか？
    　　　　薬物療法との選択で迷うことがあります
    　Q19｜高齢者におけるPCIとCABGの選択はどうしたらよいでしょうか？
    　Q20｜高齢者の急性心筋梗塞の特徴と治療について教えてください（合併症含む）
    　Q21｜高齢者における抗血小板療法の選択と長期管理に関して教えてください
    　Q22｜高齢者末梢動脈疾患（PAD）の治療適応と治療法に関して教えてください
    　Q23｜高齢者の二次予防はどのようなことを優先して行いますか？
    　　　　それ以下の年齢層との相違はありますか？
    　Q24｜高齢者大動脈解離の疫学と治療に関して教えてください
    　Q25｜高齢者大動脈瘤の疫学と治療に関して教えてください
    　Q26｜高齢者で原因がはっきりしない脳卒中いわゆるESUSの診断と治療に関して教えてください

    Part 6　リスク因子の管理（一次予防）
    　Q27｜高齢者の降圧療法の適応とその目標値はどうしますか？
    　Q28｜高齢高血圧患者に対してはACE阻害薬それともARB？
    　Q29｜高齢者のなかでβ遮断薬が適応となる症例と使い方を教えてください
    　Q30｜高齢者におけるMRAの適応と注意点を教えてください
    　Q31｜高齢者の脂質異常症の治療をどうしますか？目標値はどう設定しますか？
    　Q32｜高齢者の心血管イベント予防としてアスピリンは入れたほうがよいのでしょうか？
    　Q33｜高齢者の糖尿病の心血管イベント抑制を考えた治療方針はどうしたらよいでしょうか？
    　Q34｜高齢者にメトホルミンやSGLT2 阻害薬を使用することの
    　　　　メリットとリスクを教えてください
    　Q35｜高齢者に適した運動療法を含めた生活習慣の改善を
    　　　　どのように指導したらよいか教えてください

    Part 7　心不全，弁膜症
    　Q36｜高齢者心不全の現状と将来を教えてください
    　Q37｜高齢者心不全の特徴と診断をどうしたらよいか教えてください
    　Q38｜高齢者心不全の治療目標をどのように設定しますか？生命予後 vs QOL
    　Q39｜高齢者HFrEFの治療を教えてください．治療上の注意点はありますか？
    　Q40｜高齢者HFpEF患者の臨床的特徴とどのように診断するかに関して教えてください
    　Q41｜HFpEF患者において心エコー図検査でどのような項目を評価したらよいのでしょうか？
    　Q42｜高齢者HFpEFの心不全再入院を減らすためのポイントと薬物療法を
    　　　　どうすればよいか教えてください
    　Q43｜老人性心アミロイドーシスの疫学・診断と治療方針を教えてください
    　Q44｜高齢者大動脈弁狭窄症（AS）におけるTAVIの適応と治療にあたって
    　　　　注意すべき点を教えてください
    　Q45｜高齢者に僧帽弁閉鎖不全は増加していると聞きます．
    　　　　その原因と治療方針に関して教えてください
    　Q46｜高齢者三尖弁閉鎖不全症（TR）の病態と治療に関して教えてください
    　Q47｜高齢者の感染性心内膜炎の特徴と治療に関して教えてください
    　Q48｜慢性腎臓病（CKD）を合併する高齢者心不全の体液管理に関して教えてください
    　Q49｜慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）を合併する高齢者循環器疾患患者の治療に関して教えてください
    　Q50｜高齢うっ血性心不全患者の急性期治療に関して教えてください
    　Q51｜人生会議（ACP）をどの段階でどのように行ったらよいか，ノウハウを教えてください
    　Q52｜緩和ケアをどのような体制でどう行ったらよいか教えてください

    Part 8　不整脈
    　Q53｜高齢者の心房細動の疫学とその合併症に関して教えてください
    　Q54｜高齢者心房細動に対するアブレーションの適応はどのように考えたらよいでしょうか？
    　Q55｜高齢心房細動患者のレートコントロールをどのように行いますか？その目標心拍数は？
    　Q56｜高齢心房細動患者の抗凝固療法はどのようにしたらよいでしょうか？
    　　　　いつまで続けますか？薬剤の選択は？
    　Q57｜心房細動患者の左心耳閉鎖デバイスの適応と治療後の管理に関して教えてください
    　Q58｜高齢者のPVCとNSVTに対する治療方針を教えてください
    　Q59｜徐脈性不整脈とペースメーカ治療の適応について教えてください
    　Q60｜高齢者で増えている植込み型心臓電気デバイス感染症と
    　　　　リード抜去の適応に関して教えてください

    Part 9　高齢者特有の問題
    　Q61｜循環器疾患急性期から運動リハビリテーションを
    　　　　どのように行ったらよいか教えてください
    　Q62｜高齢心不全患者の退院を促すために多職種連携チーム医療を
    　　　　どうするか教えてください
    　Q63｜高齢心不全患者の社会復帰，家庭への復帰を促すために
    　　　　どのような工夫があるか教えてください
    　Q64｜高齢心不全患者の退院後の運動はどのようにしたらよいか教えてください
    　Q65｜ポリファーマシーの問題点が指摘されていますが，減薬のポイントを教えてください
    　Q66｜高齢者で注意すべき循環器系薬剤に関して教えてください
    　Q67｜高齢心不全患者を在宅で診ていくにはどうしたらよいか教えてください

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

Part 1 疫学

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Part 2 機序

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Part 3 診察

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5) Greenaway, MC et al : The memory support system for mild cognitive impairment : randomized trial of a cognitive rehabilitation intervention. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 28 : 402-409, 2013
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Part 4 治療

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Part 5 動脈硬化性疾患

P.45 掲載の参考文献
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2) Maron, DJ et al : Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease. N Engl J Med 382 : 1395-1407, 2020
 
3) Elbadawi, A et al : National Trends and Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients > 70 Years of Age With Acute Coronary Syndrome (from the National Inpatient Sample Database). Am J Cardiol 123 : 25-32, 2019
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1) Uemura, S et al : Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Elderly Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction -An Analysis From a Japanese Nationwide Claim-Based Database. Circ J 83 : 1229-1238, 2019
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2) 日本循環器学会/日本心臓血管外科学会 : 安定冠動脈疾患の血行再建ガイドライン (2018年改訂版) https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/JCS2018_nakamura_yaku.pdf
 
3) Wolff, G et al : Survival Benefits of Invasive Versus Conservative Strategies in Heart Failure in Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Coronary Artery Disease : A Meta-Analysis. Circ Heart Fail 10 : e003255, 2017
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4) Velazquez, EJ et al : Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery in Patients with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 374 : 1511-1520, 2016
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1) Yasuda, S et al : Current Status of Cardiovascular Medicine in the Aging Society of Japan. Circulation 138 : 965-967, 2018
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2) 日本循環器学会 : 急性冠症候群ガイドライン (2018年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/old/guideline/pdf/JCS2018_kimura.pdf
 
3) Tegn, N et al : Invasive versus conservative strategy in patients aged 80 years or older with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris (After Eighty study) : an open-label randomized controlled trial. Lancet 387 : 1057-1065, 2016
 
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1) Zheng, SL et al : Association of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention With Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Events : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 321 : 277-287, 2019
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2) Antithrombotic Trialists (' ATT) Collaboration : Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease : collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 373 : 1849-1860, 2009
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3) Nakamura, M et al : JCS 2020 Guideline Focused Update on Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 84 : 831-865, 2020
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4) Watanabe, H et al : Effect of 1-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Followed by Clopidogrel vs 12-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy on Cardiovascular and Bleeding Events in Patients Receiving PCI : The STOPDAPT-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 321 : 2414-2427, 2019
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5) Wakabayashi, S et al : Efficacy of 2.5-mg Prasugrel in Elderly or Low-Body-Weight Patients. Circ J 82 : 2326-2331, 2018
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1) 日本循環器学会 : 末梢閉塞性動脈疾患の治療ガイドライン (2015年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/old/guideline/pdf/JCS2015_miyata_h.pdf
 
2) Gerhard-Herman, MD et al : 2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease : Executive Summary : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 21 : e686-e725, 2017
 
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1) Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration : Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol : a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 376 : 1670-1681, 2010
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2) Silverman, MG et al : Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA 316 : 1289-1297, 2016
 
3) Ouchi Y, et al : Ezetimibe Lipid- Lowering Trial on Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in 75 or Older (EWTOPIA 75) : A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Circulation 140 : 992-1003, 2019
 
4) Odden MC, et al : Rethinking the association of high blood pressure with mortality in elderly adults : the impact of frailty. Arch Intern Med 172 : 1162-1168, 2012
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5) Kutner JS, et al : Safety and benefit of discontinuing statin therapy in the setting of advanced, life-limiting illness : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 175 : 691-700, 2015
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1) 木原朋未ほか : 我が国の大動脈疾患の疫学と時代的推移. 日循予防誌 55 : 1-7, 2020
 
2) Nagata, M et al : Temporal trends in sudden unexpected death in a general population : The Hisayama Study. Am Heart J 165 : 932-938.e1, 2013
 
3) Sidloff, D et al : Mortality from thoracic aortic diseases and associations with cardiovascular risk factors. Circulation 130 : 2287-2294, 2014
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4) 日本循環器学会ほか : 大動脈瘤・大動脈解離診療ガイドライン (2020 年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/7/JCS2020_Ogino.pdf
 
5) Kato, M et al : Development of an expandable intra-aortic prosthesis for experimental aortic dissection. ASAIO J 39 : 758-761, 1993
 
P.72 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本循環器学会ほか : 大動脈瘤・大動脈解離診療ガイドライン (2020年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JCS2020_Ogino.pdf
 
2) Masuda, Y et al : Unoperated thoracic aortic aneurysm : survival rates of the patients and determinants of prognosis. Internal Medicine 31 : 1088-1093, 1992
 
3) 厚生労働省大臣官房統計情報部 : 人口動態統計. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/list/81-1a.html
 
4) 日本血管外科学会データベース管理運営委員会 : 血管外科手術アニュアルレポート 2014年. 日血外科誌 29 : 15-31, 2020
 
5) Fukuda, S et al : Multicenter investigations of the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in elderly Japanese patients with hypertension : The AAA Japan Study. Circ J 79 : 524-529, 2015
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P.75 掲載の参考文献
1) Hart, RG et al : Embolic strokes of undetermined source : the case for a new clinical construct. Lancet Neurol 13 : 429-438, 2014
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2) Kanjana, SP et al : Frequency and features of embolic stroke of undetermined source in young adults. Eur Stroke J 3 : 110-116, 2018
 
3) 片野雄大ら : Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). 脳卒中 39 : 470-475, 2017
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4) 野川茂 : がんと脳梗塞-トルーソー症候群の臨床. 血栓止血誌 27 : 18-28, 2016
 
5) 内山真一郎ら : 脳塞栓症に対する抗血栓療法 NAVIGATE ESUS試験とRE-SPECT ESUS試験の結果をどう解釈するか? 血栓止血誌 30 : 828-836, 2019
 

Part 6 リスク因子の管理 ( 一次予防 )

P.80 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本高血圧学会 : 高血圧治療ガイドライン 2019. ライフサイエンス出版, 東京, 2019
 
2) Denardo, SJ et al : Blood pressure and outcomes in very old hypertensive coronary artery disease patients : an INVEST substudy. Am J Med 123 : 719-726, 2010
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3) Denardo, SJ et al : Coronary revascularization strategy and outcomes according to blood pressure (from the International Verapamil SR-Trandolapril Study [INVEST]). Am J Cardiol 106 : 498-503, 2010
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4) Arai, T et al : ACE inhibitors and pneumonia in elderly people. Lancet 352 : 1937-1938, 1998
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5) Peters, R et al : The effect of treatment based on a diuretic (indapamide) +/- ACE inhibitor (perindopril) on fractures in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial (HYVET). Age Ageing 39 : 609-616, 2010
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P.82 掲載の参考文献
1) The HOPE Study Investigators : Effects of an Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor, Ramipril, on Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med 342 : 145-153, 2000
 
2) Caldeira, D et al : Risk of pneumonia associated with use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers : systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 345 : e4260, 2012
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3) Cheng, J et al : Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular deaths, and cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus : a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med 174 : 773-785, 2014
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4) Wing, LM et al : A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 348 : 583-592, 2003
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5) Cong, M et al : Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in elderly hypertensive patients treated with either ARB or ACEI. J Geriatr Cardiol 9 : 252-257, 2012
PubMed
P.84 掲載の参考文献
1) Flather, MD et al : Randomized Trial to Determine the Effect of Nebivolol on Mortality and Cardiovascular Hospital Admission in Elderly Patients with Heart Failure (SENIORS). Eur Heart J 26 : 215-225, 2005
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2) Hernandez, AF et al : Clinical effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart failure : findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 53 : 184-192, 2009
PubMed
3) Badve, SV et al : Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease : A Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 58 : 1152-1161, 2011
PubMed
4) Dransfield, MT et al : Metoprolol for the Prevention of Acute Exacerbations of COPD. N Engl J Med 381 : 2304-2314, 2019
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P.87 掲載の参考文献
1) Takeda, M et al : Clinical Characteristics and Postoperative Outcomes of Primary Aldosteronism in the Elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 103 : 3620-3629, 2018
PubMed
2) Mulatero, P et al : Primary Aldosteronism in the Elderly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105 : 1-7, 2020
PubMed
3) Bayoumi, E et al : Spironolactone and Outcomes in Older Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. Am J Med 132 : 71-80, 2019
PubMed
P.89 掲載の参考文献
1) Nagasawa, SY et al : Relation between serum total cholesterol level and cardiovascular disease stratified by sex and age group : a pooled analysis of 65594 individuals from 10 cohort studies in Japan. J Am Heart Assoc 1 : e001974, 2012
 
2) Sattar, N et al : Statins and risk of incident diabetes : a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized statin trials. Lancet 375 : 735-742, 2010
PubMed
3) Ouchi, Y et al : Ezetimibe Lipid- Lowering Trial on Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in 75 or Older (EWTOPIA 75) A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Circulation 140 : 992-1003, 2019
 
4) Kutner, JS et al : Safety and benefit of discontinuing statin therapy in the setting of advanced, life-limiting illness : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 175 : 691-700, 2015
PubMed
P.91 掲載の参考文献
1) Ikeda, Y et al : Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Japanese Patients 60 Years or Older With Atherosclerotic Risk Factors. JAMA 312 : 2510-2520, 2014
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2) McNeil, JJ et al : Effect of Aspirin on Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding in the Healthy Elderly. N Engl J Med 379 : 1509-1518, 2018
PubMed
3) Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration : Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease : collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet 373 : 1849-1860, 2009
PubMed
4) Nakamura, M et al : JCS 2020 Guideline Focused Update on Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 84 : 831-865, 2020
PubMed
5) Chiarito, M et al : Monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor or aspirin for secondary prevention in patients with established atherosclerosis : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 395 : 1487-1495, 2020
 
P.96 掲載の参考文献
1) Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care. 43 : S4-S212, 2020
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2) Cosentino, F et al : 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, prediabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. European Heart Journal 41 : 255-323, 2020
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3) McMurray, JJV et al : Dapagliflogin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381 : 1995-2008, 2019
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4) 日本糖尿病学会 : 糖尿病診療ガイドライン 2019. 南江堂, 東京, 2019
 
5) Abdelhafiz, AH et al : Deintensification of hyoglycaemic medications-use of a systematic review approach to highlight safety concerns in older people with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes and Its Complications 32 : 444-450, 2018
 
P.98 掲載の参考文献
1) American Diabetes Association : 12. Older Adults : Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 43 (Suppl 1) : S152-S162, 2020
 
2) Chang, CH et al : Epidemiology of lactic acidosis in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin in Japan. Drug Saf 25 : 1196-1203, 2016
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3) 日本糖尿病協会 : メトホルミンの適正使用に関するRecommendation (2020 年3月18日改訂). https://www.nittokyo.or.jp/uploads/files/recommendation_metformin_200318.pdf
 
4) American Diabetes Association : 9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment : Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2020. Diabetes Care 43 (Suppl 1) : S98-S110, 2020
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5) 日本糖尿病協会 : SGLT2阻害薬の適正使用に関するRecommendation (2019年8月6日改訂). https://www.nittokyo.or.jp/uploads/files/recommendation_SGLT2_190806.pdf
 
P.100 掲載の参考文献
1) 厚生労働省 : 平成29年国民健康・栄養調査結果の概要. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10904750/000351576.pdf
 
2) Stevens, J et al : The Effect of Age on the Association between Body-Mass Index and Mortality. N Engl J Med 338 : 1-7, 1998
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3) Poehlman, ET et al : Endurance Exercise in Aging Humans : Effects on Energy Metabolism. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 22 : 251-284, 1994
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4) Breen, L et al : Skeletal muscle protein metabolism in the elderly : Interventions to counteract the 'anabolic resistance' of ageing. Nutr Metab (Lond) 8 : 68, 2011
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Part 7 心不全, 弁膜症

P.105 掲載の参考文献
1) 和泉徹ほか : 高齢心不全患者の医療・介護負担とリハビリ介入の効果に関する前向き研究 (J-REHACHF-ELD : Japanese study on the effect of cardiac REHAbilitation with multidisciplinary intervention for Chronic Heart Failure of ELDerly) について. AMED 循環器疾患・糖尿病等生活習慣病対策実用化研究事業「慢性心不全患者に対する多職種介入を伴う外来・在宅心臓リハビリの臨床介入と医療経済的効果を調べる研究」 (NO JP17ek0210058, 磯部光章), 平成30年度班会議, 平成30年10月20日
 
2) Kamiya, K et al : Nationwide Survey of Multidisciplinary Care and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure in Japan. An Analysis of the AMED-CHF Study. Circ J 25 : 1546-1552, 2019
 
3) 和泉徹ほか : 超高齢者の独歩退院をめざす病院づくり. Jpn J Rehab Med 53 : 392-400, 2016
 
4) Uehara, A et al : The Baseline Speed of 10-m Gait Predicts Ambulatory Discharge for Hospitalized Frail Elderly After DOPPO Rehabilitation. Int J Rehabil Res 41 : 331-336, 2018
PubMed
P.107 掲載の参考文献
1) Pirmohamed A, et al : Heart failure in older adults : embracing complexity. J Geriatr Cardiol 13 : 8-14, 2016
PubMed
2) Fitzgerald MP, et al : The association of nocturia with cardiac disease, diabetes, body mass index, age and diuretic use : results from the BACH survey. J Urol 177 : 1385-1389, 2007
PubMed
3) Wang CS, et al : Does this dyspneic patient in the emergency department have congestive heart failure? JAMA 294 : 1944-1956, 2005
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4) Redfield MM, et al : Plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration : impact of age and gender. J Am Coll Cardiol 40 : 976-982, 2002
 
5) Lee DS, et al : Relation of disease pathogenesis and risk factors to heart failure with preserved or reduced ejection fraction : insights from the framingham heart study of the national heart, lung, and blood institute. Circulation 119 : 3070-3077, 2009
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P.109 掲載の参考文献
1) Kanan, P et al : Beta-blockers in older patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction : class, dosage, and outcomes. Int J Cardiol 173 : 393-401, 2014
 
2) 後藤葉一 : 心臓リハビリテーション : エビデンスと展望. J Cardiol Jpn Ed 3 : 195-215, 2009
 
P.113 掲載の参考文献
1) Dungen, HD et al : Titration to target dose of bisoprolol vs. carvedilol in elderly patients with heart failure : the CIBIS-ELD trial. Eur J Heart Fail 13 : 670-680, 2011
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2) Kotecha, D et al : Effect of age and sex on efficacy and tolerability of β blockers in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction : individual patient data metaanalysis. BMJ 353 : i1855, 2016
 
3) Heywood, JT et al : Influence of renal function on the use of guideline-recommended therapies for patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 105 : 1140-1146, 2010
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4) Muzzarelli, S et al : Frequency and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients > 60 years of age with heart failure undergoing intense medical therapy. Am J Cardiol 109 : 693-698, 2012.
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5) Volterrani, M et al : Effect of Carvedilol, Ivabradine or their combination on exercise capacity in patients with Heart Failure (the CARVIVA HF trial). Int J Cardiol 151 : 218-224, 2011
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P.117 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本循環器学会/日本心不全学会合同ガイドライン 急性・慢性心不全診療ガイドライン (2017年改訂版). 2018年
 
2) Tsuchihashi-Makaya, M et al : Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with heart failure and reduced vs preserved ejection fraction-a report from the Japanese cardiac registry of heart failure in cardiology (JCARE-CARD). Circ J 73 : 1893-1900, 2009
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3) Tsao, CW et al : Temporal trends in the incidence of and mortality associated with heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol HF 6 : 678-685, 2018
 
4) Hamaguchi, S et al : Mode of death in patients with heart failure and reduced vs preserved ejection fraction-report from the registry of hospitalized heart failure patients-. Circ J 76 : 1662-1669, 2012
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5) Del Buono, MG et al : Primary and secondary diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Am J Cardiol 122 : 1578-1587, 2018
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P.119 掲載の参考文献
1) Nagueh, SF et al : Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography : An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 29 : 277-314, 2016
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P.121 掲載の参考文献
1) Pitt, B et al : Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 370 : 1383-1392, 2014
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2) Ambrosy, AP et al : Clinical course and predictive value of congestion during hospitalization in patients admitted for worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction : findings from the EVEREST trial. Eur Heart J 34 : 835-843, 2013
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3) Ganda, A et al : Venous congestion and endothelial cell activation in acute decompensated heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 7 : 66-74, 2010
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4) Damman, K et al : Increased central venous pressure is associated with impaired renal function and mortality in a broad spectrum of patients with cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 53 : 582-588, 2009
 
5) Ahmed, A et al : Heart failure, chronic diuretic use, and increase in mortality and hospitalization : an observational study using propensity score methods. Eur Heart J 27 : 1431-1439, 2006
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P.123 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本循環器学会. 2020年版 心アミロイドーシス診療ガイドライン. https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/JCS2020_Kitaoka0424_0420.pdf
 
2) Yamada, T et al : Clinical characteristics and natural history of wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in Japan. ESC Heart Failuve 7 : 2829-2837, 2020
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3) Maurer, MS et al : Tafamidis Treatment for Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 379 : 1007-1016, 2018
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P.127 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本循環器学会/日本胸部外科学会/日本血管外科学会/日本心臓血管外科学会合同ガイドライン. 2020年改訂版 弁膜症治療のガイドライン. https://j-circ.or.jp/old/guideline/pdf/JCS2020_Izumi_Eishi.pdf
 
2) Clavel, MA et al : The complex nature of discordant severe calcified aortic valve disease grading : new insights from combined Doppler echocardiographic and computed tomographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol 62 : 2329-2338, 2013
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3) Hayashida, K et al : Impact of CT-guided valve sizing on post-procedural aortic regurgitation in transcatheter aortic valve implantation. EuroIntervention 8 : 546-555, 2012
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4) Castano, A et al : Unveiling transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis and its predictors among elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 38 : 2879-2887, 2017
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5) Chakravarty, T et al : Subclinical leaflet thrombosis in surgical and transcatheter bioprosthetic aortic valves : an observational study. Lancet 389 : 2383-2392, 2017
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2) Dziadzko, V et al : Causes and mechanisms of isolated mitral regurgitation in the community : clinical context and outcome. Eur Heart J 40 : 2194-2202, 2019
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3) Abe, Y et al : Prevalence and prognostic significance of functional mitral and tricuspid regurgitation despite preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in atrial fibrillation patients. Circ J 82 : 1451-1458, 2018
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4) Mirabel, M et al : What are the characteristics of patients with severe, symptomatic, mitral regurgitation who are denied surgery? Eur Heart J 28 : 1358-1365, 2007
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5) Chiarito, M et al : Outcome after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral repair for functional and degenerative mitral regurgitation : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart 104 : 306-312, 2018
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P.131 掲載の参考文献
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2) Topilsky, Y et al : Clinical outcome of isolated tricuspid regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 7 : 1185-1194, 2014
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3) Takahashi, Y et al : Actual management and prognosis of severe isolated tricuspid regurgitation associated with atrial fibrillation without structural heart disease. Int J Cardiol 243 : 251-257, 2017
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4) 日本循環器学会/日本胸部外科学会/日本血管外科学会/日本心臓血管外科学会合同ガイドライン. 2020年改訂版 弁膜症治療のガイドライン. https://j-circ.or.jp/old/guideline/pdf/JCS2020_Izumi_Eishi.pdf
 
P.133 掲載の参考文献
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2) Cresti, A et al : Epidemiological and mortality trends in infective endocarditis, a 17- year population-based prospective study. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 7 : 27-35, 2017
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3) Perez de Isla, L et al : Negative blood culture infective endocarditis in the elderly : long-term follow-up. Gerontology 53 : 245-249, 2007
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4) Kiriyama, H et al : Comparison Between Healthcare-Associated and Community-Acquired Infective Endocarditis at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Japan. Circ J 84 : 670-676, 2020
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P.135 掲載の参考文献
1) Forman, DE et al : Incidence, predictors at admission, and impact of worsening renal function among patients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 : 61-67, 2004
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2) Ambrosy, AP et al : Clinical course and predictive value of congestion during hospitalization in patients admitted for worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction : findings from the EVEREST trial. Eur Heart J 34 : 835-843, 2013
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3) Kinugawa, K et al : Effectiveness and adverse events of tolvaptan in octogenarians with heart failure. Interim analyses of Samsca Post-Marketing Surveillance In Heart faiLurE (SMILE study). Int Heart J 56 : 137-143, 2015
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P.138 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本呼吸器学会 : COPD (慢性閉塞性肺疾患) 診断と治療のためのガイドライン 2018 第5版. メディカルレビュー社, 東京, 2018
 
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4) Onishi, K : Total management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 70 : 128-134, 2017
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5) Jabbour, A et al : Differences between beta-blockers in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : a randomized crossover trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 55 : 1780-1787, 2010
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P.140 掲載の参考文献
1) Matsue, Y et al : Time-to-Furosemide Treatment and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With Acute Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 69 : 3042-3051, 2017
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P.142 掲載の参考文献
1) Maciver, J et al : A palliative approach for heart failure end-of-life care. Curr Opin Cardiol 33 : 202-207, 2018
 
2) Sobanski, PZ et al : Palliative care for people living with heart failure : European Association for Palliative Care Task Force expert position statement. Cardiovasc Res 116 : 12-27, 2020
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3) Sudre, RL et al : J Pain Symptom Manage 53 : 821-832, 2017
 
4) Rietjens, JAC et al : Lancet Oncol 18 : e543-e551, 2017
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5) 特定非営利活動法人日本緩和医療学会 : 専門家をめざす人のための緩和医療学 (第2版) 2019, 南江堂
 
6) Hauser, J : Communication in heart failure and palliative care. Heart Fail Rev 22 : 535-542, 2017
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1) WHO : WHO Definition of Palliative Care : http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/
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2) Allen, LA et al : Decision making in advanced heart failure : a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 125 : 1928-1952, 2012
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3) 厚生労働省 : 「人生の最終段階における医療の決定プロセスに関するガイドライン」リーフレット. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/file/04-Houdouhappyou-10802000-Iseikyoku-Shidouka/0000079905.pdf
 
4) 京都包括ケア推進機構 : 看取り対策プロジェクト 考えてみましょう「人生の終い仕度」と医療 解説編. https://www.kyoto-houkatucare.org/mitori/acp-leaflet-guide/
 

Part 8 不整脈

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1) Inoue, H et al : Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the general population of Japan : an analysis based on periodic health examination. Int J Cardiol 137 : 102-107, 2009
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2) Benjamin, EJ et al : Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of death. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 98 : 946-952, 1998
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3) Piccini, JP et al : Clinical course of atrial fibrillation in older adults : the importance of cardiovascular events beyond stroke. Eur Heart J 35 : 250-256, 2014
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4) Gomez-Outes, A et al : Causes of Death in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 68 : 2508-2521, 2016
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5) Eisen, A et al. Sudden cardiac death in patients with atrial fibrillation : Insights from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 5 : e003735, 2016
 
6) Okawa, K et al : Differences in endothelial dysfunction induced by paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation : Insights from restoration of sinus rhythm by catheter ablation. Int J Cardiol 244 : 180-185, 2017
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7) Kato, Y et al : Cardioembolic stroke is the most serious problem in the aging society : Japan standard stroke registry study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 24 : 811-814, 2015
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P.151 掲載の参考文献
1) Li, C-Y et al : Newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation is an independent factor for future major adverse cardiovascular events. PLoS One 10 : e0123211, 2015
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2) Guo, Q et al : Atrial fibrillation and frailty. J Geriatr Cardiol 17 : 105-109, 2020
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3) Marrouche, NF et al : Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 378 : 417-427, 2018
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4) Nademanee, K et al : Benefits and risks of catheter ablation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 12 : 44-51, 2015
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P.154 掲載の参考文献
1) Van Gelder, IC et al : Lenient versus strict rate control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 362 : 1363-1373, 2010
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2) 日本循環器学会/日本不整脈心電学会合同ガイドライン. 2020年改訂版不整脈薬物治療ガイドライン. https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/JCS2020_Ono.pdf
 
3) Kotecha, D et al : Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation : an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet 384 : 2235-2243, 2014
 
4) Chao, TF et al : Rate-control treatment and mortality in atrial fibrillation. Circulation 132 : 1604-1612, 2015
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1) Okumura, K et al : A multicenter prospective cohort study to investigate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban in Japanese elderly atrial fibrillation patients (J-ELD AF Registry). Clin Cardiol 43 : 251-259, 2020
 
2) Steffel, J et al : The 2018 European Heart Rhythm Association Practical Guide on the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 39 : 1330-1393, 2018
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3) Ruff, CT et al : Association between edoxaban dose, concentration, anti-Factor Xa activity, and outcomes : an analysis of data from the randomised, double-blind ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 trial. Lancet 385 : 2288-2295, 2015
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4) Suzuki, S et al : Response of prothrombin time to rivaroxaban in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation : Characteristics of 5 representative reagents in Japan (CVI ARO 1). Thromb Res 150 : 73-75, 2017
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5) Suzuki, S et al : Responses of prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time to edoxaban in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation : characteristics of representative reagents in Japan (CVI ARO 7). Heart Vessels 34 : 2011-2020, 2019
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P.159 掲載の参考文献
1) Wunderlich, NC et al : Percutaneous interventions for left atrial appendage exclusion : options, assessment, and imaging using 2D and 3D echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 8 : 472-488. 2015
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2) Reddy, VY et al : 5- year outcomes after left atrial appendage closure : from the PREVAIL and PROTECT AF Trials. J Am Coll Cardiol 70 : 2964-2975, 2017
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3) Holmes, DR Jr et al : Prospective randomized evaluation of the Watchman Left Atrial Appendage Closure device in patients with atrial fibrillation versus long-term warfarin therapy : the PREVAIL trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 64 : 1-12, 2014
 
P.162 掲載の参考文献
1) Bogun, F et al : Radiofrequency ablation of frequent, idiopathic premature ventricular complexes : comparison with a control group without intervention. Heart Rhythm 4 : 863-867, 2007
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2) Yokokawa, M et al : Relation of symptoms and symptom duration to premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 9 : 92-95, 2012
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3) Ling, Z et al : Radiofrequency ablation versus antiarrhythmic medication for treatment of ventricular premature beats from the right ventricular outflow tract : prospective randomized study. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 7 : 237-243, 2014
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4) Inada, K et al : Mortality and safety of catheter ablation for antiarrhythmic drug-refractory ventricular tachycardia in elderly patients with coronary artery disease. Heart Rhythm 7 : 740-744, 2010
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5) Liang, JJ et al : Safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for ventricular tachycardia in elderly patients with structural heart disease. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 1 : 52-58, 2015
 
6) Vakil, K et al : Ventricular tachycardia ablation in the elderly : an international ventricular tachycardia center collaborative group analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 10 : e005332, 2017
 
P.165 掲載の参考文献
1) Epstein, AE et al : ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities : A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 51 : e1-62, 2008
 
2) 日本循環器学会/日本不整脈心電学会合同ガイドライン. 不整脈非薬物治療ガイドライン (2018年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/JCS2018_kurita_nogami.pdf
 
P.167 掲載の参考文献
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2) Baddour, LM et al : Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management : a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121 : 458-477, 2010
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3) Nakajima, H et al : Incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device infections and migrations in Japan : Results from a 129 institute survey. J Arrhythm 32 : 303-307, 2016
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4) 日本循環器学会/日本不整脈心電学会合同ガイドライン. 不整脈非薬物治療ガイドライン (2018年改訂版). https://www.j-circ.or.jp/cms/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/JCS2018_kurita_nogami.pdf
 
5) Pelargonio, G et al : Safety and effectiveness of transvenous lead extraction in octogenarians. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 23 : 1103-1108, 2012
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6) Yagishita, A et al : Transvenous excimer laser-assisted lead extraction of cardiac implantable electrical devices in the Japanese elderly population. J Cardiol 75 : 410-414, 2020
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Part 9 高齢者特有の問題

P.172 掲載の参考文献
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2) 日本心不全学会 : 高齢心不全の治療に関するステートメント. http://www.asas.or.jp/jhfs/pdf/Statement_HeartFailurel.pdf
 
3) McDonagh, J et al : Frailty assessment instruments in heart failure : A systematic review. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 17 : 23-35, 2018
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4) Hulsmann, M et al : Muscle Strength as a Predictor of Long-Term Survival in Severe Congestive Heart Failure. Eur J Heart Fail 6 : 101-107, 2004
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5) 高橋哲也ほか : 心臓リハビリテーションにおけるレジスタンストレーニングの変化. 医学のあゆみ 265 : 1081-1022, 2018
 
P.174 掲載の参考文献
1) Kitagawa, T et al : Hospitalization and medical cost of patients with elevated serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels. PLos One 13 : e0190979, 2018
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P.177 掲載の参考文献
1) Yaku, H et al : Demographics, Management, and In-Hospital Outcome of Hospitalized Acute Heart Failure Syndrome Patients in Contemporary Real Clinical Practice in Japan-Observations From the Prospective, Multicenter Kyoto Congestive Heart Failure (KCHF) Registry. Circ J 82 : 2811-2819, 2018
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2) Kamiya, K et al : Nationwide Survey of Multidisciplinary Care and Cardiac Rehabilitation for Patients With Heart Failure in Japan - An Analysis of the AMED-CHF Study. Circ J 83 : 1546-1552, 2019
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3) Kinugasa, Y et al : Multidisciplinary intensive education in the hospital improves outcomes for hospitalized heart failure patients in a Japanese rural setting. BMC Health Serv Res 14 : 351, 2014
 
4) Chava, R et al : Multidisciplinary rounds in prevention of 30-day readmissions and decreasing length of stay in heart failure patients : A community hospital based retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 98 : e16233, 2019
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5) Bonilla-Palomas, JL et al : Nutritional Intervention in Malnourished Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure. Arch Med Res 47 : 535-540, 2016
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P.179 掲載の参考文献
1) Sarma, S et al : Soothing the sleeping giant : improving skeletal muscle oxygen kinetics and exercise intolerance in HFpEF. J Appl Physio (l 1985) 119 : 734-738, 2015
 
2) 山田純生 : 急性心筋梗塞, 慢性心不全のリハビリテーション. 診断と治療 102 : 367-376, 2014
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3) Kono, Y et al : The difference in determinant factor of sixminute walking distance between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic elderly patients with heart failure. J Cardiol 75 : 42-46, 2020
 
4) Piepoli, MF et al : Exercise training in heart failure : from theory to practice. A consensus document of the Heart Failure Association and the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur J Heart Fail 13 : 347-357, 2011
 
5) Csapo, R et al : Effects of resistance training with moderate vs heavy loads on muscle mass and strength in the elderly : A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 26 : 995-1006, 2016
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P.183 掲載の参考文献
1) 厚生労働省 : 高齢者の医薬品適正使用の指針 (総論編). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11121000/kourei-tekisei_web.pdf
 
2) 日本老年医学会 : 高齢者の安全な薬物療法ガイドライン 2015. https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/info/topics/pdf/20170808_01.pdf
 
P.186 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本老年医学会 日本医療研究開発機構研究費・高齢者の薬物治療の安全性に関する研究研究班 : 高齢者の安全な薬物療法ガイドライン 2015. メジカルビュー社, p12, 2015
 
2) 「日本人の食事摂取基準」策定検討会 : 日本人の食事摂取基準 (2020年版). https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10904750/000586553.pdf
 
3) Konstam, MA et al : Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonism in Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan (EVEREST) Investigators : Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure : the EVEREST Outcome Trial. JAMA 297 : 1319-1331, 2007
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4) Masuyama, T et al : Superiority of Long-Acting to Short-Acting Loop Diuretics in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. Circ J 76 : 833-842, 2012
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5) Koike, H et al : Assessment of drug-induced proarrhythmias due to pilsicainide in patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. J Arrhythm 32 : 468-473, 2016
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P.188 掲載の参考文献
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2) Sudore, RL et al : Defining advance care planning for adults : A consensus definition from a multidisciplinary delphi panel. J Pain Symptom Manage 53 : 821-832, 2017
 

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