1) Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al : The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315 (8) : 801-810, 2016.
2) Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al : Surviving Sepsis Campaign : International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock : 2016. Crit Care Med 45 (3) : 486-552, 2017.
3) 西田修, 小倉裕司, 井上茂亮, 他 : 日本版敗血症診療ガイドライン 2016. 日救急医会誌 28 (Suppl 1) : S1-232, 2017.
4) 江木盛時, 小倉裕司, 矢田部智昭, 他 : 日本版 敗血症診療ガイドライン 2020 オンライン早期公開版. doi : 10.1002/jja2.S0024.
5) Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al : Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990-2017 : analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 395 (10219) : 200-211, 2020.
6) 厚生労働省 : 平成29年患者調査 (傷病分類編) 傷病別年次推移表 敗血症. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/kanja/10syoubyo/dl/h29syobyo.pdf (2020年12月22日閲覧)
7) Tulloch LG, Chan JD, Carlbom DJ, et al : Epidemiology and Microbiology of Sepsis Syndromes in a University-Affiliated Urban Teaching Hospital and Level-1 Trauma and Burn Center. J Intensive Care Med 32 (4) : 264-272, 2017.
8) Kaukonen KM, Bailey M, Suzuki S, et al : Mortality related to severe sepsis and septic shock among critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand, 2000-2012. JAMA 311 (13) : 1308-1316, 2014.
9) Vincent JL, Jones G, David S, et al : Frequency and mortality of septic shock in Europe and North America : a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 23 (1) : 196, 2019.
10) Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A : The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle : 2018 update. Intensive Care Med 44 (6) : 925-928, 2018.
11) Seymour CW, L iu VX, I washyna TJ, et al : Assessment of Clinical Criteria for Sepsis : For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315 (8) : 762-774, 2016.
12) Redfern OC, Smith GB, Prytherch DR, et al : A Comparison of the Quick Sequential (Sepsis-Related) Organ Failure Assessment Score and the National Early Warning Score in Non-ICU Patients With/Without Infection. Crit Care Med 46 (12) : 1923-1933, 2018.
13) Ferrer R, Martin-Loeches I, Phillips G, et al : Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour : results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med 42 (8) : 1749-1755, 2014.
14) Pruinelli L, Westra BL, Yadav P, et al : Delay Within the 3-Hour Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guideline on Mortality for Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock. Crit Care Med 46 (4) : 500-505, 2018.
15) American College of Emergency Physicians : ACEP Statement on SSC Hour-1 Bundle. https://www.acep.org/by-medical-focus/sepsis/ (2020年12月22日閲覧)
16) Filbin MR, Thorsen JE, Zachary TM, et al : Antibiotic Delays and Feasibility of a 1-Hour-From-Triage Antibiotic Requirement : Analysis of an Emergency Department Sepsis Quality Improvement Database. Ann Emerg Med 75 (1) : 93-99, 2020.
17) Abdul-Aziz MH, Sulaiman H, Mat-Nor MB, et al : Beta-Lactam Infusion in Severe Sepsis (BLISS) : a prospective, two-centre, open-labelled randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent beta-lactam infusion in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. Intensive Care Med 42 (10) : 1535-1545, 2016.
18) Zhao HY, Gu J, Lyu J, et al : Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Efficacies of Continuous versus Intermittent Administration of Meropenem in Patients with Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock : A Prospective Randomized Pilot Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 130 (10) : 1139-1145, 2017.
19) Leone M, Bechis C, Baumstarck K, et al : De-escalation versus continuation of empirical antimicrobial treatment in severe sepsis : a multicenter non-blinded randomized noninferiority trial. Intensive Care Med 40 (10) : 1399-1408, 2014.
20) Shehabi Y, Sterba M, Garrett PM, et al : Procalcitonin algorithm in critically ill adults with undifferentiated infection or suspected sepsis. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 190 (10) : 1102-1110, 2014.
21) Tigabu BM, Davari M, Kebriaeezadeh A, Mojtahedzadeh M : Fluid volume, fluid balance and patient outcome in severe sepsis and septic shock : A systematic review. J Crit Care 48 : 153-159, 2018.
22) Macdonald SPJ, Keijzers G, Taylor DM, et al : Restricted fluid resuscitation in suspected sepsis associated hypotension (REFRESH) : a pilot randomised controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 44 (12) : 2070-2078, 2018.
23) Permpikul C, Tongyoo S, Viarasilpa T, et al : Early Use of Norepinephrine in Septic Shock Resuscitation (CENSER). A Randomized Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 199 (9) : 1097-1105, 2019.
24) Morelli A, Ertmer C, Westphal M, et al : Effect of heart rate control with esmolol on hemodynamic and clinical outcomes in patients with septic shock : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 310 (16) : 1683-1691, 2013.
25) Wang Z, Wu Q, Nie X, et al : Combination therapy with milrinone and esmolol for heart protection in patients with severe sepsis : a prospective, randomized trial. Clin Drug Investig 35 (11) : 707-716, 2015.
26) Annane D, Renault A, Brun-Buisson C, et al : Hydrocortisone plus Fludrocortisone for Adults with Septic Shock. N Engl J Med 378 (9) : 809-818, 2018.
27) Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjolin J, et al : Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome : a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 37 (3) : 333-340, 2003.
28) Linner A, Darenberg J, Sjolin J, et al : Clinical efficacy of polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome : a comparative observational study. Clin Infect Dis 59 (6) : 851-857, 2014.