日めくり麻酔科エビデンス　アップデート　4

出版社： 克誠堂出版
著者：
発行日： 2023-06-01
分野： 臨床医学：外科  >  麻酔科学/ペイン
ISBN： 9784771905795
電子書籍版： 2023-06-01 （第1版第1刷）
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大好評書の第4弾。既刊1～3と同様、麻酔関連領域の新知見を楽しくアップデートできるようにした。“麻酔科医教育”“AIを用いた麻酔・鎮静管理”“COVID-19と麻酔”“フレイルとサルコペニア”“手術室以外での麻酔管理”“オピオイドフリー麻酔”“麻酔看護師と周術期管理チーム”など、近年のトピックスをはじめ麻酔科医にとって興味深いテーマを選定した。また、各項目の味わい深いイラストも必見。　

目次

  • 1　 レミマゾラム
    　１ 弁置換術の麻酔導入において，レミマゾラムはプロポフォールより血圧を低下させない
    　２ 内視鏡検査の鎮静にレミマゾラムが有用であることを示した初めてのメタ解析
    　３ レミマゾラムの鎮静から覚醒しても精神運動機能は低下している…でもフルマゼニルがあれば，大丈夫!!
    　４ レミマゾラムは“口から飲んでも効かない”ので，性犯罪に悪用される危険性は低い
    　５ レミマゾラムはLPS 敗血症モデルマウスにおいて抗炎症作用を示し，生存率を著明に改善した

    2 　麻酔科教育
    　１ POCUS の夜明けから10 年．麻酔業務での“目慣らし”を怠るな！
    　２ Safety 1 からSafety 2 へ．言うは易く，行うは難し？
    　３ 感染制御─麻酔科がやらずして，誰がやるの？
    　４ interventional radiology の環境は，麻酔科医のためには構築されていない！
    　５ 患者に優しく地球にキビシイ医療の聖域．ついにSDGs がやってきた

    3 　A（I 人口知能）を用いた麻酔・鎮静管理
    　１ AI と麻酔科学の将来
    　２ AI と予後予測：患者の術前情報から予後が予測できるか？
    　３ AI と低血圧の予測：AI は動脈圧波形から低血圧を予測できるか？
    　４ AI と循環管理：AI 自動制御による循環管理は実現する？
    　５ AI による自動麻酔：AI と麻酔科医はどちらが優秀？

    4 　COVID-19 と麻酔
    　１ 新型コロナウイルスに感染した患者が手術を受けた場合の予後と呼吸器合併症
    　２ 新型コロナウイルスに感染した患者は，いつ手術を受けるべきか？
    　３ 術前に新型コロナウイルス感染症に対するワクチンを接種すると，待機手術患者の予後は改善する
    　４ 英国における新型コロナウイルス感染症患者の術後死亡率に関する調査
    　５ 用手的フェイスマスク換気時にエアロゾルは発生するのか？

    5 　フレイルとサルコペニア
    　１ 骨格筋の量と質の低下は，周術期の有害事象を増加させる
    　２ フレイルは早期死亡の予測因子である
    　３ 術前フレイルと術後せん妄の関連
    　４ 術後認知機能障害の予防に効果的な運動負荷レベルと腸内環境
    　５ 術後成績改善を目標とした周術期運動療法プログラム

    6 　声門上器具
    　１ 院外の心停止患者に対する声門上器具i-gel® と気管挿管の費用対効果の比較：
    　　　　英国のランダム化試験（AIRWAYS-2）からの知見
    　２ 困難気道におけるSGA：658,104 名の全身麻酔患者を対象とした後ろ向きコホート研究
    　３ 成人の全身麻酔後における緊急再挿管のリスク因子“SGA”vs.“気管挿管”：
    　　　　後ろ向きコホート研究
    　４ 院内の心停止症例に対する気道管理：国際・多施設での後ろ向き観察コホート研究
    　５ 小児の困難気道におけるビデオ喉頭鏡と声門上器具ガイド下ファイバー挿管の比較：
    　　　　多施設小児挿管困難レジストリの解析から

    7 　末梢神経ブロック
    　１ iPACK ブロックは，近位よりも遠位で行ったほうが鎮痛効果が高い
    　２ 腰方形筋ブロック前方法では，股関節鏡手術後の痛みは軽減しない
    　３ 腸骨筋膜下ブロックと比較すると頻度は少ないが，PENG ブロックでも運動障害は生じうる
    　４ 新しい胸部の神経ブロックにおいて，局所麻酔薬はどのように広がるのか？
    　　　　micro-CT で分かった傍脊椎腔の解剖
    　５ 胸部持続傍脊椎ブロックは，カテーテルの先端位置も薬液の広がりも予測しにくい

    8 　呼吸管理
    　１ 術中1 回換気量と非心臓手術患者における急性腎障害の関係
    　２ 腹腔鏡手術において腹腔内圧を標的とした呼気終末陽圧：
    　　　　非盲検非ランダム化クロスオーバー臨床試験
    　３ 人工呼吸器からの離脱が困難な患者において，神経調節補助換気は圧支持換気よりも有用か？
    　４ ロボット支援下前立腺摘除術において，電気インピーダンストモグラフィーを用いて
    　　　　PEEP 値を設定した呼吸管理は換気状態を改善するか？
    　５ 喘息増悪動物モデルにおける生理的変動換気の有効性

    9 　循環管理
    　１ 末梢循環不全は，患者の予後を悪化させる
    　２ 心臓血管手術において，FFP よりもPCC が止血に有効かもしれない
    　３ ECLS 中にどれくらい自己心の拍出があるか，最低限のモニターから予測しよう
    　４ 最適なバイタルを目指した麻酔科医のすばやい対応が，患者予後を改善する
    　５ IVC 径の変化率をエコーで確認することで，輸液反応性を診断できる

    10 　手術室以外での気管挿管
    　１ 集中治療室（ICU）での気管挿管は，手術室よりも難しい
    　２ 手術室以外の気管挿管では，40 回に1 回の割合で心停止が発生している．
    　　　　低血圧の回避と適切な前酸素化を徹底しよう！
    　３ 重症患者の挿管は，麻酔科医が確実に1 回で成功させることが重要！
    　４ スタイレットだけでなく，ブジーにも慣れておこう！
    　５ 重症患者に対する気管挿管の最新エビデンスレビュー

    11　 オピオイドフリー麻酔
    　１ オピオイドフリー麻酔は，重症肥満患者における胃減量手術の術後悪心・嘔吐（PONV）を抑制する
    　２ レミフェンタニルによる痛覚過敏の発症機序と治療戦略
    　３ デクスメデトミジンを用いたオピオイドフリー麻酔は有害である
    　４ 術後痛に対するリドカイン静脈内全身投与の有用性と安全性についてのシステマティックレビュー
    　５ オピオイドフリー麻酔は術後悪心・嘔吐（PONV）を抑制するが，
    　　　　術後痛やオピオイドの必要量には影響しない

    12 　術後痛
    　１ 脊椎手術におけるマルチモーダル鎮痛法：ランダム化プラセボ対照比較試験
    　２ 外科的切開先行鎮痛が図られていても，術後，脊髄における遺伝子は変化する
    　３ Nociception Level を指標としたフェンタニル投与により，
    　　　　セボフルラン麻酔後の術後痛が軽減する：ランダム化比較試験
    　４ 周術期にプレガバリンとケタミンを長期投与することで，心臓手術後の痛みの慢性化を抑制できる
    　５ 術中のナロキソン投与は，レミフェンタニルによって誘発された術後の痛覚過敏を減弱させるが，
    　　　　術後痛には影響しない：ランダム化比較試験

    13 　麻酔合併症
    　１ アセトアミノフェン静脈内投与が腹部外科手術後の低酸素血症に及ぼす影響
    　２ 胸部外科手術後の残存筋弛緩：スガマデクスとネオスチグミンの比較
    　３ デキサメタゾン投与により手術部位感染は増えるのか？
    　４ 術後肺合併症：low tidal volume ventilation とconventional ventilation の比較
    　５ 肥満患者に対するhigh PEEP と肺胞リクルートメント手技を用いた人工呼吸管理は，
    　　　　術後肺合併症を減らせるか？

    14 　小児麻酔
    　１ 小児期の全身麻酔薬曝露による神経発達障害に関する前向き研究をまとめたメタアナリシス
    　２ 新生児や乳児に対して気管挿管を施行するさいにビデオ喉頭鏡を使用することで，
    　　　　初回成功率が上昇する
    　３ 小児患者において橈骨動脈ライン確保時のエコー画面を，スマートグラスに投影することで
    　　　　成功率は上昇するか？
    　４ 小児の麻酔導入中のマスク換気において，“手動換気”と“機械換気”では
    　　　　どちらが優れているのか？
    　５ 小児において全身麻酔前の清澄水の摂取量と摂取時間は，どこまで許容されるのか？

    15 　産科麻酔・無痛分娩
    　１ 帝王切開術の脊髄くも膜下麻酔における血圧維持
    　　　　～ノルアドレナリンはフェニレフリンと比較して優れているか？～
    　２ オキシトシンで前処置されたヒト子宮筋組織は，オキシトシンに対する収縮反応が減弱する
    　３ 妊娠中に全身麻酔に曝露された子どもに行動異常が見られるか？
    　４ 硬膜外無痛分娩は分娩や新生児の転帰を悪化させるか？～わが国における単施設調査～
    　５ わが国の母体死亡の実態と，死亡症例を減らすための課題

    16　 救急医療
    　１ 難治性心室細動や無脈性心室頻拍による心肺停止に対してβ遮断薬は有用か？
    　　　　～システマティックレビューとメタ解析～
    　２ 敗血症性ショック患者における拡張期ショック指数は有用か？
    　３ 10％リドカインスプレーの局所噴霧は，橈骨動脈血液採取のさいの苦痛を軽減する
    　　　　～ランダム化二重盲検プラセボ対照試験～
    　４ 重症敗血症および敗血症性ショックにおける抗生物質の即時投与と早期投与の比較
    　　　　～システマティックレビューとメタ解析～
    　５ 病院前心肺停止で除細動可能なリズムを呈する患者において，リズム解析前に除細動器を充電すれば，
    　　　　心肺蘇生が行われない時間を短縮できる

    17 　集中治療
    　１ 新たに診断された非弁膜症性心房細動に対する除細動の有用性
    　　　　～前向きに収集されたレジストリデータを用いた観察研究～
    　２ 重度急性腎障害に対する腎代替療法の開始は，どこまで延期できるか？
    　３ デクスメデトミジンは，心臓手術後の心房細動とせん妄を軽減するか？
    　４ COVID-19 肺炎は，呼吸不全だけでなく，免疫血栓性調節不全から凝固障害を呈する
    　５ 重症患者における消化管出血予防の有効性と安全性
    　　　　～ RCT におけるシステマティックレビューとネットワークメタアナリシスのアップデート～

    18 　ペインクリニック
    　１ 神経障害性疼痛患者への長期間にわたるオピオイド鎮痛薬の投与は，
    　　　　日常活動を改善しないどころか，オピオイド依存や過量投与の危険性が高まる
    　２ 急性痛に対してプラセボは有効か？
    　３ 幻肢痛と断端痛の痛みの強さに影響を与える因子
    　４ COVID-19 感染後の後遺症としての慢性痛
    　５ 多重脊髄刺激により，神経細胞とグリア細胞間の相互作用が正常化することで
    　　　　神経障害性疼痛が抑制される

    19 　緩和医療とオピオイド
    　１ がんサバイバーにおけるオピオイドの乱用，依存および中毒の予測
    　２ アナモレリンは，非小細胞性肺がんによる悪液質患者の除脂肪体重を増加させる
    　３ 外来がん患者における専門的緩和ケアへの紹介基準：国際的コンセンサス
    　４ PD-1 阻害薬は，げっ歯類，非ヒト霊長類においてオピオイドによる鎮痛を妨げる
    　５ アセトアミノフェンの代謝物であるN-acylphenolamine は，脊髄後角における
    　　　　C 線維の一次求心性線維終末に発現しているTRPV 1 受容体を介して鎮痛作用を示す

    20 　麻酔看護師と周術期管理チーム
    　１ 認定麻酔看護師を適切に評価するためには，今後，麻酔科医と看護師の
    　　　　さらなるコミュニケーションが必要である
    　２ 手術チーム内のチームワークの質の評価は，時期や方法によって異なる
    　３ 周術期外科ホーム（PSH）と術後回復強化（ERAS®）の統合は，管理が困難な患者のケアを改善する
    　４ あらゆる侵襲度の手術においてフレイルと術後死亡率との関連性は高く，
    　　　　低侵襲の手術でも注意が必要である
    　５ 手術チームの協調関係が手術の成功に重要である

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

1 レミマゾラム

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3 AI ( 人口知能 ) を用いた麻酔・鎮静管理

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4 COVID - 19と麻酔

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1) Cheung J, et al. Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Lancet Respir Med 2020;8:e19.
 
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5 フレイルとサルコペニア

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1) Fearon K, et al. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia:An international consensus. Lancet Oncol 2012;5:489-95.
 
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1) 日本老年医学会 https://www.jpn-geriat-soc.or.jp/tool/pdf/tool_14.pdf
 
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2) Soya H, et al. BDNF induction with mild exercise in the rat hippocampus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;358:961-7.
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3) Tian T, et al. Clostridium butyricum miyairi 588 has preventive effects on chronic social defeat stress-induced depressive-like behaviour and modulates microglial activation in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019;516:430-6
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1) Wijeysundera DN, et al;METS study investigators. Assessment of functional capacity before major non-cardiac surgery:An international, prospective cohort study. Lancet 2018;391:2631-40.
 
2) Tahiri M, et al. The impact of postoperative complications on the recovery of elderly surgical patients. Surg Endsc 2015;30:1762-70.
 

6 声門上器具

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2) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Judging whether public health interventions offer value for money. Local government briefing [LGB10] Published:01 September 2013. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
 
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1) Frerk C, et al. Difficult Airway Society 2015 guidelines for management of unanticipated difficult intubation in adults. Br J Anaesth 2015;115:827-48.
 
2) Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists. JSA airway management guideline 2014:To improve the safety of induction of anesthesia. J Anesth 2014;28:482-9.
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1) Kheterpal S, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcome of difficult mask ventilation combined with difficult laryngoscopy:A report from the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group. Anesthesiology 2013;119:1360-9.
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1) Lyons PG, et al. Rapid Response Systems. Resuscitation 2018;128:191-7.
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2) Benger JR, et al. Effect of a strategy of a supraglottic airway device vs tracheal intubation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on functional outcome:The AIRWAYS-2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2018;320:779-91.
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1) Jagannathan N, et al. A randomized trial comparing the Ambu(R) Aura-i(TM) with the air-Q(TM) intubating laryngeal airway as conduits for tracheal intubation in children. Paediatr Anaesth 2012;22:1197-204.
 

7 末梢神経ブロック

P.75 掲載の参考文献
1) Sinha S, et al. Use of ultrasound guided popliteal fossa infiltration to control pain after total knee arthroplasty:A prospective, randomized, observer-blinded study (Abstract P 52). Presented at:American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) Meeting, March 2012;San Diego, CA.
 
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1) Kukreja P, et al. Anterior quadratus lumborum block analgesia for total hip arthroplasty:A randomized, controlled study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019;44:1075-9.
 
2) Aoyama Y, et al. Continuous quadratus lumborum block and femoral nerve block for total hip arthroplasty:A randomized study. J Anesth 2020;34:413-20.
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3) Brixel SM, et al. Posterior quadratus lumborum block in total hip arthroplasty:A randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2021;134:722-33.
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1) Giron-Arango L, et al. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip fracture. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018;43:859-63.
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2) Lin DY, et al. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block provides improved short-term analgesia compared with the femoral nerve block in hip fracture surgery:A single-center double-blinded randomized comparative trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2021;46:398-403.
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3) Pascarella G, et al. Impact of the pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block on postoperative analgesia and functional recovery following total hip arthroplasty:A randomised, observer-masked, controlled trial. Anaesthesia 2021;76:1492-8.
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1) Costache I, et al. The mid-point transverse process to pleura (MTP) block:A new end-point for thoracic paravertebral block. Anaesthesia 2017;72:1230-6.
 
2) Kilicaslan A, et al. A novel ultrasound-guided technique in peri-paravertebral area:Subtransverse process interligamentary (STIL) plane block:The game has not ended yet. J Clin Anesth 2020;60:76-7.
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1) Feray S, et al. PROSPECT guidelines for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery:A systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia 2022;77:311-25.
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2) Luyet C, et al. Ultrasound-guided paravertebral puncture and placement of catheters in human cadavers:An imaging study. Br J Anaesth 2009;102:534-9.
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3) Luyet C, et al. Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral puncture and placement of catheters in human cadavers:Where do catheters go? Br J Anaesth 2011;106:246-54.
 

8 呼吸管理

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1) Serpa Neto A, et al. Protective versus conventional ventilation for surgery:A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Anesthesiology 2015;123:66-78.
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2) Hemmes SN, et al. Intraoperative ventilatory strategies to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications:A meta-analysis. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2013;26:126-33.
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1) Neto AS, et al. Association between driving pressure and development of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation for general anaesthesia:A meta-analysis of individual patient data. Lancet Respir Med 2016;4:272-80.
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2) Pereira SM, et al. Individual positive end-expiratory pressure settings optimize intraoperative mechanical ventilation and reduce postoperative atelectasis. Anesthesiology 2018;129:1070-81.
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1) Spahija J, et al. Patient-ventilator interaction during pressure support ventilation and neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. Crit Care Med 2010;38:518-26.
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2) Blanch L, et al. Asynchronies during mechanical ventilation are associated with mortality. Intensive Care Med 2015;41:633-41.
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1) Frerichs I, et al. Chest electrical impedance tomography examination, data analysis, terminology, clinical use and recommendations:Consensus statement of the TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group. Thorax 2017;72:83-93.
 
2) Sella N, et al. Electrical impedance tomography:A compass for the safe route to optimal PEEP. Respir Med 2021;187:106555.
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3) Cui Y, et al. The effect of lung recruitment maneuvers on post-operative pulmonary complications for patients undergoing general anesthesia:A meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 2019 May 29;14(5):e0217405.
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1) Fodor GH, et al. Variable ventilation is equally effective as conventional pressure control ventilation for optimizing lung function in a rabbit model of ARDS. Front Physiol 2019;10:803.
 
2) Jawde SB, et al. Tracking respiratory mechanics around natural breathing rates via variable ventilation. Sci Rep 2020;10:6722.
 
3) Patroniti N, et al. Sigh improves gas exchange and lung volume in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome undergoing pressure support ventilation. Anesthesiology 2002;96:788-94.
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9 循環管理

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1) van Genderen ME, et al. Peripheral perfusion index as an early predictor for central hypovolemia in awake healthy volunteers. Anesth Analg 2013;116:351-6.
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3) Sessler DI, et al. Period-dependent associations between hypotension during and for four days after noncardiac surgery and a composite of myocardial infarction and death:A substudy of the POISE-2 trial. Anesthesiology 2018;128:317-27.
 
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1) Sarode R, et al. Efficacy and safety of a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients on vitamin K antagonists presenting with major bleeding:A randomized, plasma-controlled, phase IIIb study. Circulation 2013;128:1234-43.
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1) Russo JJ, et al. Left ventricular unloading during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:654-62.
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1) Rehm M, et al. Changes in intravascular volume during acute normovolemic hemodilution and intraoperative retransfusion in patients with radical hysterectomy. Anesthesiology 2000;92:657-64.
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1) Monnet X, et al. Prediction of fluid responsiveness:An update. Ann Intensive Care 2016;6:111.
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2) Teboul JL, et al. Arterial pulse pressure variation with mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019;199:22-31.
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10 手術室以外での気管挿管

P.111 掲載の参考文献
1) Simpson GD, et al. Tracheal intubation in the critically ill:A multi-centre national study of practice and complications. Br J Anaesth 2012;108:792-9.
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2) Natt BS, et al. Strategies to improve first attempt success at intubation in critically ill patients. Br J Anaesth 2016;117:i60-8.
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1) Jaber S, et al. An intervention to decrease complications related to endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit:A prospective, multiple-center study. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:248-55.
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2) Higgs A, et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth 2018;120:323-52.
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1) Cabrini L, et al. Tracheal intubation in critically ill patients:A comprehensive systematic review of randomized trials. Crit Care 2018;22:6-9.
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2) Jaber S, et al. Videolaryngoscopy in critically ill patients. Crit Care 2019;23:221-7.
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3) Higgs A, et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth 2018;120:323-52.
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1) Brian E, et al. Effect of use of a bougie vs endotracheal tube with stylet on successful intubation on the first attempt among critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation. JAMA 2021;326:2488-97.
 
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1) Semler MW, et al. A multicenter, randomized trial of ramped position vs sniffing position during endotracheal intubation of critically ill adults. Chest 2017;152:712-22.
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2) Higgs A, et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth 2018;120:323-52.
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3) Jaber S, et al. The intensive care medicine research agenda for airways, invasive and noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med 2017;43:1352-65.
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11 オピオイドフリー麻酔

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1) Edwards DA, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative joint consensus statement on perioperative management of patients on preoperative opioid therapy. Anesth Analg 2019;129:553-66.
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2) Zhao M, et al. Enhancement of spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate function by remifentanil action at delta-opioid receptors as a mechanism for acute opioid-induced hyperalgesia or tolerance. Anesthesiology 2008;109:308-17.
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3) Olausson A, et al. Total opioid-free general anaesthesia can improve postoperative outcomes after surgery, without evidence of adverse effects on patient safety and pain management:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022;66:170-85.
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1) Yu EH, et al. Remifentanil tolerance and hyperalgesia:Short-term gain, long-term pain? Anaesthesia 2016;71:1347-62.
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2) Echevarria G, et al. Nitrous oxide (N2O) reduces postoperative opioid-induced hyperalgesia after remifentanil- propofol anaesthesia in humans. Br J Anaesth 2011;107:959-65.
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1) Sun L, et al. Dexmedetomidine for preventing sevoflurane-related emergence agitation in children:A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2014;58:642-50.
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2) Duan X, et al. Efficacy of perioperative dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium:Systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 2018;121:384-97.
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3) Wu Z, et al. Effects of an intraoperative intravenous bolus dose of dexmedetomidine on remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia in patients undergoing thyroidectomy:A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2021;132:320-8.
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1) Hollmann MW, et al. Local anesthetics and the inflammatory response:A new therapeutic indication? Anesthesiology 2000;93:858-75.
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2) Koppert W, et al. Low-dose lidocaine suppresses experimentally induced hyperalgesia in humans. Anesthesiology 1998;89:1345-53.
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3) Dewinter G, et al. Systemic lidocaine fails to improve postoperative morphine consumption, postoperative recovery and quality of life in patients undergoing posterior spinal arthrodesis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2017;118:576-85.
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P.131 掲載の参考文献
1) Olausson A, et al. Total opioid-free general anaesthesia can improve postoperative outcomes after surgery, without evidence of adverse effects on patient safety and pain management:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2021;66:170-85.
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2) Julien-Marsollier F, et al. Effects of opioid-reduced anesthesia during scoliosis surgery in children:A prospective observational study. Pain Manag 2021;11:679-87.
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12 術後痛

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1) Toms L, et al. Single dose oral paracetamol (acetaminophen) for postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008:CD004602.
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2) Turan A, et al. Analgesic effects of gabapentin after spinal surgery. Anesthesiology 2004;100:935-8.
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3) Farag E, et al. Effect of perioperative intravenous lidocaine administration on pain, opioid consumption, and quality of life after complex spine surgery. Anesthesiology 2013;119:932-40.
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4) Loftus RW, et al. Intraoperative ketamine reduces perioperative opiate consumption in opiate-dependent patients with chronic back pain undergoing back surgery. Anesthesiology 2010;113:639-46.
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1) Caterina MJ, et al. The capsaicin receptor:A heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997;389:816-24.
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2) Wu C, et al. Effect of AMG0347, a transient receptor potential type V1 receptor antagonist, and morphine on pain behavior after plantar incision. Anesthesiology 2008;108:1100-8.
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3) Guan Z, et al. Injured sensory neuron-derived CSF1 induces microglial proliferation and DAP12-dependent pain. Nat Neurosci 2016;19:94-101.
 
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1) Martini CH, et al. Ability of the nociception level, a multiparameter composite of autonomic signals, to detect noxious stimuli during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2015;123:524-34.
 
2) Edry R, et al. Preliminary intraoperative validation of the nociception level index:A noninvasive nociception monitor. Anesthesiology 2016;125:193-203.
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1) Kehlet H, et al. Persistent postsurgical pain:Risk factors and prevention. Lancet 2006;367:1618-25.
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2) Pesonen A, et al. Pregabalin has an opioid-sparing effect in elderly patients after cardiac surgery:A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth 2011;106:873-81.
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3) Yarnitsky D, et al. Prediction of chronic post-operative pain:Pre-operative DNIC testing identifies patients at risk. Pain 2008;138:22-8.
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1) Yu EH, et al. Remifentanil tolerance and hyperalgesia:Short-term gain, long-term pain? Anaesthesia 2016;71:1347-62.
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2) Cepeda MS, et al. The combination of low dose of naloxone and morphine in PCA does not decrease opioid requirements in the postoperative period. Pain 2002;96:73-9.
 
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13 麻酔合併症

P.147 掲載の参考文献
1) Wasserman I, et al. Impact of intravenous acetaminophen on perioperative opioid utilization and outcomes in open colectomies:A claims database analysis. Anesthesiology 2018;129:77-88.
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2) Morwald EE, et al. Intravenous acetaminophen does not reduce inpatient opioid prescription or opioid-related adverse events among patients undergoing spine surgery. Anesth Analg 2018;127:1221-8.
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1) Hristovska AM, et al. The comparative efficacy and safety of sugammadex and neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults. A Cochrane systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Anaesthesia 2018;73:631-41.
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2) Errando CL, et al. Neuromuscular. Residual neuromuscular blockade in the postanesthesia care unit:Observational cross-sectional study of a multicenter cohort. Minerva Anestesiol 2016;82:1267-77.
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1) Gan TJ, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2014;118:85-113.
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2) De Oliveira GS Jr, et al. Dexamethasone to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting:An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Anesth Analg 2013;116:58-74.
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1) Futier E, et al;IMPROVE Study Group. A trial of intraoperative low-tidal-volume ventilation in abdominal surgery. N Engl J Med 2013;369:428-37.
 
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1) Pepin JL, et al. Prevention and care of respiratory failure in obese patients. Lancet Respir Med 2016;4:407-18.
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2) Nestler C, et al. Individualized positive end-expiratory pressure in obese patients during general anaesthesia:A randomized controlled clinical trial using electrical impedance tomography. Br J Anaesth 2017;119:1194-205.
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3) Imber DA, et al. Respiratory management of perioperative obese patients. Respir Care 2016;61:1681-92.
PubMed

14 小児麻酔

P.159 掲載の参考文献
1) McCann ME, et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome at 5 years of age after general anaesthesia or awake-regional anaesthesia in infancy (GAS):An international, multicentre, randomized, controlled equivalence trial. Lancet 2019;393:664-77.
 
2) Warner DO, et al. Neuropsychological and behavioral outcomes after exposure of young children to procedures requiring general anesthesia:The Mayo Anesthesia Safety in Kids (MASK) study. Anesthesiology 2018;129:89-105.
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3) Sun LS, et al. Association between a single general anesthesia exposure before age 36 months and neurocognitive outcomes in later childhood. JAMA 2016;315:2312-20.
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1) Kaji AH, et al. Video versus direct and augmented direct laryngoscopy in pediatric tracheal intubations. Acad Emerg Med 2020;27:394-402.
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2) Park R, et al. The efficacy of GlideScope(R) videolaryngoscopy compared with direct laryngoscopy in children who are difficult to intubate:An analysis from the paediatric difficult intubation registry. Br J Anaesth 2017;119:984-92.
 
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1) Jang YE, et al. Subcutaneous nitroglycerin for radial arterial catheterization in pediatric patients:A randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology 2020;133:53-63.
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2) Song IK, et al. Short-axis/out-of-plane or long-axis of in-plane ultrasound-guided arterial cannulation in children:A randomized controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2016;33:522-7.
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3) Jung MJ, et al. Pediatric distraction on induction of anesthesia with virtual reality and perioperative anxiolysis:A randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2021;132:798-806.
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1) Lee JH, et al. Optimal inspiratory pressure for faced mask ventilation in paralyzed and unparalyzed children to prevent gastric insufflation:A prospective, randomized, non-blinded study. Can J Anaesth 2018;65:1288-95.
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2) Park JH, et al. Manual vs. pressure-controlled facemask ventilation for anaesthetic induction in paralysed children:A randomized controlled trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2016;60:1075-83.
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3) Seet MM, et al. Comparison of three modes of positive pressure mask ventilation during induction of anaesthesia:A prospective, randomized, crossover study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2009;26:913-6.
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1) Zhang YL, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of gastric emptying after ingesting carbohydrate-rich drink in young children:A randomized crossover study. Paediatr Anaesth 2020;30:599-606.
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2) Schmitz A, et al. Gastric emptying after overnight fasting and clear fluid intake:A prospective investigation using serial magnetic resonance imaging in healthy children. Br J Anaesth 2011;107:425-9.
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3) Brady MC, et al. Preoperative fasting for preventing perioperative complications in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD005285.
 

15 産科麻酔・無痛分娩

P.171 掲載の参考文献
1) Ngan Kee WD. A random-allocation graded dose-response study of norepinephrine and phenylephrine for treating hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2017;127:934-41.
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2) Mohta M, et al. Comparison of the potency of phenylephrine and norepinephrine bolus doses used to treat post-spinal hypotension during elective caesarean section. Int J Obstet Anesth 2019;38:25-31.
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3) Ngan Kee WD, et al. Prophylactic norepinephrine infusion for preventing hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2018;126:1989-94.
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1) Heesen M, et al. International consensus statement on the use of uterotonic agents during caesarean section. Anaesthesia 2019;74:1305-19.
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1) Creeley CE, et al. Isoflurane-induced apoptosis of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the fetal rhesus macaque brain. Anesthesiology 2014;120:626-38.
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2) Cui FH, et al. Effects of sevoflurane exposure during different stages of pregnancy on the brain development of rat offspring. J Anesth 2021;35:654-62.
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3) U. S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication:FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women. 2016. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm532356.htm.
 
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1) Anim-Somuah M, et al. Epidural versus non-epidural or no analgesia for pain management in labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;5:CD000331.
 
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16 救急医療

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1) Driver BE, et al. Use of esmolol after failure of standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation to treat patients with refractory ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2014;85:1337-41.
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2) Lee YH, et al. Refractory ventricular fibrillation treated with esmolol. Resuscitation 2016;107:150-55.
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3) Nademanee K, et al. Treating electrical storm:Sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy. Circulation 2000;102:742-7.
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1) Sander O, et al. Impact of prolonged elevated heart rate on incidence of major cardiac events in critically ill patients with a high risk of cardiac complications. Crit Care Med 2005;33:81-8.
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2) Beesley SJ, et al. Relative bradycardia in patients with septic shock requiring vasopressor therapy. Crit Care Med 2017;45:225-33.
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1) Houck CS, et al. Transdermal analgesia with local anesthetics in children:Review, update and future directions. Expert Rev Neurother 2005;5:625-34.
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2) Ravanshad Y, et al. Analgesia for pediatric arteriovenous fistula cannulation in hemodialytic patients:A comparison of lidocaine gel, lidocaine spray, and needle plate. Indian J Nephrol 2021;31:349-52.
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17 集中治療

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18 ペインクリニック

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19 緩和医療とオピオイド

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20 麻酔看護師と周術期管理チーム

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