脳神経外科学大系　4　周術期管理

出版社： 中山書店
著者：
発行日： 2005-07-15
分野： 臨床医学：外科  >  脳神経外科学
ISBN： 452172101X
シリーズ： 脳神経外科学大系
電子書籍版： 2005-07-15 （第1版第1刷）
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
品切れ

41,800 円(税込)

電子書籍
章別単位で購入
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

41,800 円(税込)

購入する
特記事項：
  • 【電子書籍】著作権者の意向により電子版では非掲載のページがございます。

商品紹介

脳神経外科の診療においては手術手技のみが重視されがちであるが，手術中およびその前後の管理も患者の予後を大きく左右する.本巻では麻酔・輸液・呼吸管理をはじめ，インフォームドコンセントやリハビリテーションなど，患者の全体像把握と管理に必要な情報について詳述している.

目次

  • 脳神経外科学大系　4　周術期管理

    ―目次―

    1章　総論
    2章　周術期管理の実際
    3章　周術期合併症の予防と治療
    4章　新生児・小児・高齢者の周術期管理
    5章　急性期のリハビリテーション

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

1章 総論

P.7 掲載の参考文献
1) 木原康樹. セカンドオピニオン. 医療ビッグバンの基礎知識-医療の大変革を理解するために. 東京 : 日本内科学会 : 1999 p58-60
 
2) 西島英利. セカンドオピニオン. 日医師会誌 2002 : 128(6) : 902-3
 
3) 脳ドックの新ガイドライン作成委員会(編). 脳ドックのガイドライン 2003. 札幌 : 日本脳ドック学会 ; 2003
 
4) 第2版診療情報の提供に関する指針-平成14年10月. 日医師会誌 2002 : 128 (10) : 1-6〔付録〕.
 
P.21 掲載の参考文献
1) Hoffmtt P. Critical path mcthods : An important tool for coordinating critical care. Journal on Quality Improvement 1993 ; 19 : 235-46.
 
2) 阿部俊子編. アウトカムから作成するクリニカルパス活用ガイド. 東京 : 照林社 ; 2001
 
3) 日本看護協会出版会. クリティカル・パス-ケアの効率性と質の確保. 東京 : 日本看護協会出版会 ; 1997
 
4) 梅元香里ほか. 中国エリア版クリニカルパスの取り組み. 光波康壮ほか編. 大阪 : 診療新社 ; 2002. p. 5-191.
 
5) 阿部俊子. 米国におけるクリティカルパスの効果研究の現状. 看管理 1999 ; 9 (2) : 120-30.
 
6) 湧田幸雄. 脳卒中パスとその評価. 郡司篤晃編. パス法-その原理と導入・評価の実際. 東京 : へるす出版 ; 2000, p227-37.
 
7) 中川れい子. 医療管理ツールとしてのクリニカルパス. パス対象患者の明確化の必要性. ナーシング 2003 ; 23 (14) : 68-75
 
8) 治田美津子ほか. バリアンスのとらえ方と生かし方. 看技 2001 : 47 (12) : 147-55.
 
9) 阿部俊子はか. Q&Aブックス クリニカルパスQ&A-フローチャートですぐわかる. 東京 : 照林社 ; 2001.
 
10) 阿部俊子. クリニカルパスの3段階. 看管理 2000 ; 10 (4) 304-7.
 
P.28 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本神経外傷学会. 重症頭部外傷治療・管理のガイドライン. 神経外傷 2000 ; 23 : 1-51
 
2) 日本神経外傷学会編. 重症頭部外傷治療・管理のガイドライン. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2011.
 
3) Bullock R, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury. J Neurotrauma 1996 : 13 : 667-80.
 
4) Maas AI, et al. EBIC-guidelines for management of severe head injury in adults. European Brain Injury Consortium. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997 ; 139 (4) : 286-94.
PubMed
5) Huizenga JE, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe head injury : Are emcrgency physicians following them? Acad Emerg Med 2002 ; 9 (8) : 806-12
 
P.34 掲載の参考文献
1) アメリカ脳神経外科学会・アメリカ脳神経外科コングレス編. 今栄信治監訳. 頸椎・頸髄損傷に対する急性期治療のガイドライン. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2004
 
2) Dodds TA, et al. A. validation of the functional independence measurement and its performance among rehabilitation inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1993 ; 74 : 531-6.
PubMed
3) 水野順一ほか. 骨損傷のない頸髄損傷の治療-外科的治療を中心として. 脊椎脊髄ジャーナル 2001 ; 14 (5) : 349-54.
 
4) Harris JH. The Radiology of Acute Cervical Spine Trauma. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins ; 1978.
 
5) Amar AP, Levy ML. Pathogenesis and pharmacological strategies for mitigating secondary damage in acute spinal cord injury. Neurosurgey 1999 : 44 (5) : 1027-40.
 
6) Ducker TB, Zeidman SM. Spinal cord injuly : Role of steroid therapy. Spine 1994 ; 19 : 2281-7.
 
7) Hadlcy MN, et al. Guidclincs for the management of acute cervical spine and spinal cord injuries. Neurosurgery 2002 : 50 : S1-199.
 
8) Bracken MB, et al. Efficacy of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injuly JAMA 1984 ; 251 : 45-52.
PubMed
9) Bracken MB, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury : Results of the Second National Acutc Spinal Cord Injuly Study (NASCIS-2). N Engl J Med 1990 ; 322 : 1405-11.
 
10) Bracken MB, et al. Administation of methylprednisolonc for 24 or 48 hours or tililazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury : Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cold Injury Randomized Controlled Trial-National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 1997 ; 277 : 1597-604.
 
11) Matsumoto T, et al. Early complications of high-dosc methylprednisolone sodium succinate treatment in the follow-up of acute cervical spinal cord injuly Spine 2001 : 26 : 426-30.
 
12) Steinmann J, Winter L. Lower cervical spine injuries. In : Devlin VJ, editor. Spine Secrets. Phildelphia : Hanley & Belfus : 2003. p360-6.
 
13) 水野順一ほか. 中下位頸椎損傷に対する外科的治療. 神経外傷 2003 ; 26 : 65-71.
 
14) Osterholm JL. The pathophysiological response to spinal cord injury : The current status of related research. J Neurosurg 1974 ; 40 : 5-33.
 
15) Tator CH, et al. Management of acute spinal cord injuries. Can J Surg 1984 ; 27 (3) : 289-93, 296.
PubMed
16) Zach GA, et al. Treatment results of spinal cord injury in the Swiss Paraplegic Centre of Basel. Paraplegia 1976 ; 14 : 58-65.
 
17) Levi L, et al. Hemodynamic parameters in patients with acute cervical cord trauma : Description, intervention, and prediction of outcome. Neurosurgery 1993 : 33 (6) : 1007-17.
PubMed
18) Levi L, et al. Anterior decompression in cervical spine trauma : Does the timing of surgery affect the outcome? Neurosurgery 1991 ; 29 : 216-22.
PubMed
19) Valc FL, et al. Combined medical and surgical treatment after acute spinal cord injury : Results of a prospective pilot study to assess the merits of aggressive medical resuscitation and blood pressure management. J Neurosurg 1997 ; 87 : 239-46.
 
20) Wolf A, et al. Operaive management of bilateral facet dislocation. J Neurosurg 1991 : 75 : 883-90.
 
21) 神崎浩二ほか. 頸髄損傷の全身管理-呼吸管理を中心に. 脊椎脊髄ジャーナル 2003 ; 16 (4) : 332-9.
 
P.43 掲載の参考文献
1) 吉峰俊樹編. 科学的根拠に基づくくも膜下出血診療ガイドライン. 仙台 : 日本脳卒中の外科学会 ; 2003
 
2) 日本脳卒中の外科学会クモ膜下出血診療ガイドライン改訂委員会編. EBMに基づくクモ膜下出血診療ガイドライン. 東京 : じほう ; 2004
 
3) 篠原幸人ほか編. 脳卒中治療ガイドライン 2004. 東京 : 協和企画 ; 2004
 
4) van Gijn J, Rinkel GJ. Subarachnoid haemorrhage : diagnosis, causes and management Brain 2001 : 124 (Pt 2) : 249-78.
 
5) Taylor B, et al. Factors affecting outcome after surgery for intracranial aneurysm in Glasgow. Br J Neurosurg 1991 : 5 : 591-600.
PubMed
6) Neil-Dwyer G, et al. Outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage : the use of a graphical model in the asscssment of risk factors. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1998 : 140 : 1019-27.
PubMed
7) Edner G, et al. Total overall management and surgical outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in a defined population. Br J Neurosurg 1992 : 6 : 409-20.
 
8) Frizzell RT, et al. Screening for ocular hemorrhages in patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms : a prospective study of 99 patients. Neurosurgery 1997 : 41 : 529-33 : discussion 533-4.
 
9) Roos YB, et al. Complications and outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage : a prospectuvc hospital based cohort study in the Netherlands. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000 : 68 : 337-41.
PubMed
10) Juvela S. Alcohol consumption as a risk factor for poor outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. BMJ 1992 : 304 : 1663-7.
PubMed
11) Solenski NJ, et al. Medical complications of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : a report of the mulicenter, cooperative aneurysm study. Participants of the Multicenter Coopcrative Aneurysm Study. Crit Care Med 1995 : 23 : 1007-17.
 
12) Bassi P, et al. Warning signs in subarachnoid hemorrhage : a coopcrative study. Acta Neurol Scand 1991 : 84 : 277-81.
PubMed
13) Kassell NF, et al. The International Coopcrative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgry. Part 1 : Overall management results. J Neurosurg 1990 : 73 : 18-36.
 
14) Johansson I, et al. CT showing early ventricular dilatation after subarachnoidal hemorrhage. Aeta Radiol 1992 : 33, 333-7.
 
15) Fisher CM, et al. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 1980 ; 6 : 1-9.
PubMed
16) Mitchell P, et al. Detection of subarachnoid haemorrhage with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001 : 70 : 205-11.
PubMed
17) Rosenorn J, et al. Importance of cerebral pan-angiography for detection of multiplc aneurysms in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand 1993 ; 87 : 215-8.
PubMed
18) Komiyama M, et al. Aneurysmal rupture during angiography Neurosurgery 1993 : 33 : 798-803.
PubMed
19) Villablanca JP, et al. Volume-rendered helical computerized tomography angiography in the detection and charactcrization of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2000 : 93 : 254-64.
 
20) Matsumoto M, et al. Three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography-guided surgery of acutcly ruptured cerebral aneurysms. J Neurosurg 2001 : 94 : 718-27.
PubMed
21) 佐藤正憲ほか. Three-dimentional CT angiographyによる急性期破裂脳動脈瘤手術. 脳神外ジャーナル 2001 : 10 : 18-26.
 
22) Findlay JM. Current management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines from the Canadian Neurosurgical Society. Can J Neurol Sci 1997 : 24 : 161-70.
PubMed
23) Mayberg MR, et al. Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A statement for hcalthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1994 : 25 : 2315-28.
PubMed
24) Aoyagi N, et al. Study on early re-rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1996 : 138 : 12-8.
 
25) Roos Y. Antifibrinolytic treatment in subarachnoid hemorrhage : a randomized placebo-controlled trial. STAR Study Group.Neurology 2000 : 54 : 77-82.
 
26) Butzkueven H, et al. Onset seizures independently predict poor outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2000 : 55 : 1315-20.
PubMed
27) Rhoney DH, et al. Andconvulsant prophylaxis and timing of seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2000 : 55 : 258-65.
PubMed
28) 朝井俊治ほか. クモ膜下出血と他臓器の障害. 循環科学 1997 : 17 : 472-5.
 
29) Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial ancurysms. J Neurosurg 1968 : 28 : 14-20.
PubMed
30) Hunt WE, Kosnik EJ. Timing and perioperative care in intracranial aneurysm surgery. Clin Neurosurg 1974 : 21 : 79-89.
PubMed
31) Drake CG. Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a Universal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading Scale. J Neurosurg 1988 : 68 : 985-6.
 
32) International Subarachnoid Ancurysm Trial (ISAT) Collaborative Group International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms : a randomised trial. Lancet 2002 : 360 : 1267-74.
 
33) Kassell NF, et al. The International Cooperative Study on the Timing of Aneurysm Surgery. Part 2 : Surgical results. J Neurosurg 1990, 73 : 37-47.
 
34) 小野純一ほか. Brain Attack最前線 解離性脳動脈瘤 破裂解離性動脈病変の治療戦略 椎骨脳底動脈系62例の分析から. Mt. Fuji Workshop 2000 : 18 : 95-8.
 
35) Brilstra EH, et al. Rebleeding, secondary ischcmia, and timing of opcration in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 2000 : 55 : 1656-60.
 
36) Hope JK, et al. Factors influcncing succcssful angiographic occlusion of aneurysms treated by coil embolization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999 : 20 : 391-9.
 
37) Wanke I, et al. Combined endovascular therapy of ruptured aneurysms and cerebral vasospasm. Neuroradiology 2000, 42 : 926-9.
PubMed
38) Giannotta SL, et al. Management of intraoperative rupture of aneurysm without hypotension. Neurosurgery 1991 : 28 : 531-5 : discussion 535-6.
 
39) Boecher-Schwarz HG, et al. Transcranial Doppler diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage : correlation and analysis of results in relation to the age of patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1994 ; 127 : 32-6.
 
40) Grosset DG, et al. Use of transcranial Doppler sonography to predict development of a delayed ischcmic deficit after subttachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1993 : 78 : 183-7.
PubMed
41) Klingelhofer J, et al. Cerebral vasospasm evaluated by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography at different intracranial pressures. J Neurosurg 1991 : 75 : 752-8.
PubMed
42) Mizuno M, et al. Serial transcranial Doppler flow velocity and cerebral blood flow measurements for evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1994 ; 34 : 164-71.
PubMed
43) Weir B, et al. Etiology of cerebral vasospasm. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1999 ; 72 : 27-46.
 
44) Shibuya M, et al. Effect of AT877 on cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Results of a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind trial. J Neurosurg 1992 ; 76 : 571-7.
 
45) Tokiyoshi K, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of thromboxane synthetase inhibitor for cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Surg Neurol 1991 ; 36 : 112-8.
PubMed
46) Origitano TC, et al. Sustained increased cerebral blood flow with prophylactic hypertensive hypervolemic hemodilution (triple-H therapy) after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1990 ; 27 : 729-39.
PubMed
47) Egge A, et al. Prophylactic hyperdynamic postoperative fluid therapy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage : a clinical, prospective, randomized, controlled study. Neurosurgery 2001 ; 49 : 593-606.
PubMed
48) Hadeishi H, et al. Hyperdynamic therapy for cerebral vasospasm. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1990 ; 30 : 317-23.
PubMed
49) Sawada M, et al. Effectiveness of intra-arterial infused papaverine solutions of various concentrations for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1997 ; 139 : 706-11.
PubMed
50) Numaguchi Y, et al. Repeat intra-arterial papaverine for recurrent cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neuroradiology 1997 ; 39 : 751-9.
PubMed
51) Vajkoczy P, et al. Effect of intra-arterial papaverine on regional cerebral blood flow in hemodynamically relevant cerebral vasospasm. Stroke 2001 ; 32 : 498-505.
PubMed
52) Tachibana E, et al. Intra-arterial infusion of fasudil hydrochloride for treating vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1999 ; 141 : 13-6.
PubMed
53) Elliott JP, et al. Comparison of balloon angioplasty and papaverine infusion for the treatment of vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1998 ; 88 : 277-84.
PubMed
54) Tsutsumi K, et al. Risk of recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage after complete obliteration of cerebral aneurysms. Stroke 1998 ; 29 : 2511-3.
PubMed
55) Tsutsumi K, et al. Risk of aneurysm recurrence in patients with clipped cerebral aneurysms : results of long-term follow-up angiography. Stroke 2001 : 32 : 1191-4.
PubMed
P.57 掲載の参考文献
1) Tcasdale G, et al. A universal subarachnoid haemorhage scale : Report of a committee of the World Federation of Neurological Societies. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988 : 51 : 1457.
 
2) 太田富雄, 松谷雅生編著. 脳神経外科学. 改訂9版. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 2004
 
3) Fishcr CM. The neurological examination of the comatose patients. Acta Neurol Scand [Suppl] 1969 : 45 (Suppl 36) : 1-56.
 
4) 太田富雄ほか. 意識障害の新しい分類法試案 数量的表現 (III群3段階方式) の可能性について. 脳神外科 1974 ; 2 : 623-7.
 
5) 太田富雄ほか. 急性期意識障害の新しいGradingとその表現法 (いわゆる3-3-9度方式). 第3回脳卒中の外科講演集. 川崎 : にゅーろん社 ; 1975. p61-8.
 
6) 太田富雄. 意識障害の重症度基準. 綜合臨 1985 : 34 : 477-82.
 
7) Ohta T, et al. Nizofenonc administration in the acute stage following subalachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1986 ; 64 : 420-6.
PubMed
8) 太田富雄. 急性期意識障害スコア化への挑戦-救急医療での意識障害変動を的確に表現するために. 脳 21 2004 ; 7 : 325-32.
 
9) Kaufman HH. Spontaneous intracerebral hematomas. In : Grossman RG, Hamilton WJ, editors. Principles of Neurosurgery. New York : Raven Press : 1991. p65-78.
 
10) Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974 ; 2 : 81-4.
PubMed
11) Frowein RA. Classiflcation of Coma. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976 : 34 : 5-10.
PubMed
12) Jennett B, Teasdale G. Aspects of coma after severe head injury. Lancet 1977 : i : 878-81.
PubMed
13) Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1976 ; 34 : 45-55.
PubMed
14) Teasdale G, et al. Adding up the Glasgow Coma Score. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1979 : 28 : 13-6.
PubMed
15) Teasdale GM, Murray L. Revisiting the Glasgow Coma Scale and Coma Score. Intensive Care Med 2000 : 26 : 153-4.
PubMed
16) Ogungbo B. Application of the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Grading Scale for Subarachnoid Haemorrhage with GCS 13-14. Br J Neurosurg 2002 ; 16 : 312-3.
PubMed
17) Jagger J, et al. The Glasgow Coma Scale : To sum or not to sum? Lancet 1983 : ii : 97.
PubMed
18) Teoh LSG, et al. Glasgow Coma Scale : Variation in mortality among permutations of specific total scores. Intensive Care Med 2000 : 26 : 157-61.
 
19) Ohta T. Phenomenological aspects of consciousncss-its disturbance in acute and chronic stages. Acta Neurochir [Suppl] 2005 ; 93 : 191-3.
PubMed
20) Brinkmann R, et al. The Munich Coma Scale (MCS). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976 : 39 : 788-93.
PubMed
21) 太田富雄ほか. 意識水準の評価法. 臨麻 1984 : 8 : 345-56.
 
22) Salcman M, et al. Calculated recovery rates in severe head trauma. Neurosurgery 1981 : 8 : 301-8.
PubMed
23) Born JD. The Glasgow-Liegc Scale. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988 : 91 : 1-11.
PubMed
24) Benzer A, et al. Prediction of non-survival after trauma : Innsbruck Coma Scale. Lancet 1991 : 338 : 977-8.
PubMed
25) Gibson RM, Stephenson GC. Aggressive measurement of severe closed head trauma : Time for reappraisal Lancet 1989 : 2 : 369-71.
 
26) Stanczak DE, et al. Asscssment of level of consciousness following severe neurological insult-A comparison of the psychometric qualitics of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Comprehensive Level of Consciousness Scale. J Neurosurg 1984 ; 60 : 955-60.
 
27) Stalhammar D, et al. Assessment of Responsiveness in Acutc Cerebral Disorders. A Multicentre Study on the Reaction Level Scale (RLS85). Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988 : 90 : 73-80.
 
28) Starmark JE, et al. A comparison of the Glasgow Coma Scale and the Reaction Level Scale (RLS85). J Neurosurg 1988 : 69 : 699-706.
PubMed
29) Sugiura K, et al. The Edinburgh-2 coma scale : A new scale for asscssing impaired consciousness. Neurosurgery 1983 ; 12 : 411-5.
 
30) Benes V. Evaluation of disturbances of consciousness. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1981 : 55 : 265-71.
PubMed
31) Jouvet M, Dechaume J. Semiologic des troubles de la conscience. Essai de classification. Rev Lyon Med 1960 ; 9 : 961-8.
 
32) Subczynski JA. State of consciousness scoring system. J Neurosurg 1975 : 43 : 251.
PubMed
33) Hirai S, et al. Clinical grading and outcome after early surgery in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 1996 : 39 : 441-6.
PubMed

2章 周術期管理の実際

P.71 掲載の参考文献
1) 豊岡秀訓. 換気とガス交換の機能検査. 天羽敬祐編著. 呼吸管理の基本手技. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 1995. p21-50.
 
2) Pontoppidon H, et al. Acute respiratory failure in the adult. N Engl J Med 1972 ; 287 : 743-52.
 
3) 諏訪邦夫. スパイロと血液ガスで行う術前評価の問題点. 呼吸 1988 ; 7 : 813-6.
Medical*Online
4) 西村一彦, 天羽敬祐. 呼吸機能検査. 外科治療 1995 : 72 : 497-501.
 
5) 宮川博, 高市憲明. 検査項目各論 Na, Cl, K. 河合忠, 橋本信也編. 臨床検査のABC. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1994. p. 182-9.
 
6) 井上祐二. 体液・電解質・酸塩基平衡異常の検査. 新検査診断学. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1988. p. 243-71.
 
7) 和田孝雄. 酸・塩基平衡の臨床. 臨床家のための水と電解質. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1984. p. 129-67.
 
8) 久保明. 内分泌・代謝疾患クリニカルガイド. 東京 : HBJ出版局 ; 1996. p. 312-8.
 
9) Eagle KA, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Report of the Amelican College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Committee on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery. Circulation 1996 ; 93 : 1278-317.
 
10) Chassot PG, ct al. Preopcrative evaluation of patients with, or at risk of coronary artery disease undergoing non-cadiac surgery. Br J Anaesth 2002 ; 89 : 747-59.
 
11) 西村恒彦. 心臓の核医学検査. 石井裕正ほか編. 生体・機能検査のABC. 東京 : 医歯薬出版 ; 1998. p. 318-22.
 
12) Eaglc KA, et al. ACC/AHA guideline update for periopcrative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery- executive summary : A report of the Amelican College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Updatc the 1996 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery). Circulation 2002 ; 105 : 1257-67.
 
13) 日本消化器病学会肝機能研究班. 肝機能検査法の選択基準. 日消病会誌 1994 ; 91 : 1376-81.
 
14) 北川真人, 川原田嘉文. 肝機能検査. 外科治療 1995 ; 72 : 502-8.
 
15) 川原田嘉文, 吉峰修時. 肝予備能検査. 外科治療 1992 ; 66 : 559-63.
 
16) 南部勝司. はじめにICG試験-そして肝硬変. 薬理と治療 1986 ; 14 : 365-91.
Medical*Online
17) 日本肝癌研究会編. 原発性肝癌取扱い規約. 第4版. 東京 : 金原出版 ; 2001. p. 11.
 
18) Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatininc clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976 ; 16 : 31-41.
PubMed
19) 井上剛輔. 腎機能検査と正常値. 老と疾 1989 ; 2 : 2300-7.
 
20) 上野精. 腎機能検査. 外科治療 1995 : 72 : 514-7.
 
21) 花岡建夫. 腎機能検査法. 外科治療 1990 ; 62 : 619-22.
 
22) 渡邊富久子. β2-ミクログロブリン. 北村元仕ほか編. 臨床検査マニュアル. 東京 : 文光堂 ; 1988. p. 169.
 
23) Gavin III JR, et al. Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classincation of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Care 1997 ; 20 : 1183-97.
 
24) 葛谷健ほか. 糖尿病の分類と診断基準に関する委員会報告. 糖尿病 1999 ; 42 : 385-404.
 
25) Kosaka K, et al. A prospecivc study of healdl check exalmnees for the development of non- insulin- dependent diabetes mcllitus : Relationship of the incidence of diabetes with the initial insulinogenic index and degree of obesity. Diabet Med 1996 ; 13 : S120-6.
PubMed
26) 河合忠. プロトロンビン時間 (PT). 異常値の出るメカニズム. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1994. p. 87-9.
 
27) 藤村博信, 上林純一. 止血・凝血機能検査. 外科治療 1995 ; 72 : 527-31.
 
28) 深尾立. 免疫機能検査. 外科治療 1995 ; 72 : 532-5.
 
29) 小野寺時夫ほか. Stage IV・V (Vは大腸癌) 消化器癌の非治癒切除・姑息手術に対するTPNの適応と限界. 日外会誌 1984 ; 85 : 1001-5.
 
P.88 掲載の参考文献
1) Drummond JC, Patel PM. Neurosugical anesthesia. In : Miller RD, editor. Anesthesia 5th ed. Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone : 2000. p. 189s-933.
 
2) Fishman RA. Brain edema. N Engl J Med 1975 : 293 : 706-11.
PubMed
3) Grubb RL, et al. The effects of changes in Paco2 on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and vascular mean transit time. Stroke 1974 ; 5 : 630-9.
PubMed
4) Archer DP. et al. Cerebral blood volume is increased in dogs during administration of nitrous oxide or isoflurane. Anesthesiology 1987 ; 67 : 642-8.
PubMed
5) Eisenberg HA, et al. High-dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988 ; 69 : 15-23.
 
6) Cremer OL, et al. Long-termpropofol infusion and cardiac failure in adult-injured patients. Lancet 2001 ; 357 : 117-8.
PubMed
7) Cannon ML, et al. Metabolic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, and cardiovascular collapse after prolonged propofol infusion. J Neurosurg 2001 ; 95 : 1053-6.
PubMed
8) Kelly DF. Propofoi-infusion syndrome. J Neurosurg 2OO1 ; 95 : 925-6.
 
9) Petersen KD, et al. Intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamics in patients with cerebral tumors : A randomized prospective study of patients subjected to craniotomy in propofol-fentanyl, isoflurane-fentanyl, or sevoflurane-fentanyl anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2003 ; 98 : 329-36.
 
10) Kovarik WD, et al. Succinylcholine does not change intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow velocity, or the electroencephalogram in patients with neurologic injury. Anesth Analg 1994 ; 78 : 469-73.
 
11) Stirt JA, et al. "Defasciculation" with metocurine prevents succinylcholine-induced increases in intracranial pressure. Anesthesiology 1987 ; 67 : 50-3.
PubMed
12) Suzuki K, et al. Intraoperative monitoring of blood flow insufficiency in the anterior choroidal artery during aneurysm surgery. J Neurosurg 20031 98 : 507-14.
 
13) Viby-Mogensen J. Clinical assessment of neuromuscular transmission. Br J Anaesth 1982 ; 54 : 209-23.
PubMed
14) Ali HH, et al. Quantitative assessment of residual antidepolarizing block (part II). Br J Anaesth 1971 ; 43 : 478-85.
 
15) Alexander SC, et al. Cerebral carbohydrate metabolism of man during respiratory and metabolic alkalosis. J Appl Physiol 1968 ; 24 : 66-72.
PubMed
16) Michenfelder JD, Theye RA. The effects of profound hypocapnia and dilutional anemia on canine cerebral metabolism and blood flow. Anesthesiology 1969 ; 31 : 449-57.
PubMed
17) Artru AA. Cerebral vascular responses to hypocapnia during nitroglycerin-induced hypotension. Neurosurgery 1985 ; 16 : 468-72.
PubMed
18) Boarini DJ, et al. Cerebrovascular effects of hypocapnia during adenosine-induced arterial hypotension. J Neurosurg 1985 ; 63 : 937-43.
PubMed
19) Reivich M, et al. Alterations in the electroencephalogram of awake man produced by hyperventilation : Effects of 100% oxygen at 3 atmospheres (absolute) pressure. Neurology 1966 ; 16 : 304.
 
20) Bruce DA. Effects of hyperventilation on cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Clin Perinatol 1984 ; 11 : 673-80.
PubMed
21) Bouma GJ, et al. Cerebral circulation and metabolism after severe traumatic brain injury : The elusive role of ischemia. J Neurosurg 1991 : 75 : 685-93.
PubMed
22) Cold GE. Does acute hyperventilation provoke cerebral oligaemia in comatose patients after acute head injury? Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1989 ; 96 : 100-6.
PubMed
23) Matta BF, et al. A critique of the intraoperative use of jugular venous bulb catheters during neurosurgical procedures. Anesth Analg 1994 ; 79 : 745-50.
PubMed
24) Muizelaar JP, et al. Adverse effects of prolonged hyperventilation in patients with severe head injury : A randomized clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1991 ; 75 : 731-9.
PubMed
25) Ishii R. Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1979 ; 50 : 587-94.
PubMed
26) Raichle ME, et al. Cerebral blood flow during and after hyperventilation. Arch Neurol 1970 ; 23 : 394-403.
PubMed
27) Muizelaar JP, et al. Pial arteriolar vessel diameter and CO2 reactivity during prolonged hyperventilation in the rabbit. J Neurosurg 1988 : 69 : 923-7.
 
28) Bouma GJ, et al. Ultra-early evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured patients using xenon-enhanced computerized tomography. J Neurosurg 1992 ; 77 : 360-8.
PubMed
29) Clifton GL, et al. Fluid thresholds and outcome from severe brain injury. Crit Care Med 2002 ; 30 : 739-45.
PubMed
30) Kellum JA. Saline-induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Crit Care Med 2002 ; 30 : 259-61.
PubMed
31) Tommasino C, et al. Cerebral effects of isovolemic hemodiiution with crystalloid or colloid solutions. Crit Care Med 1988 ; 16 : 862-8.
PubMed
32) Drummond JC, et al. The effect of reduction of colloid oncotic pressure, with and without reduction of osmolality, on post traumatic cerebral edema. Anesthesiology 1998 ; 88 : 993-1002.
PubMed
33) Frunz A, et al. The effects of hydroxyethyl starches of varying molecular weights on platelet function. Anesth Analg 2001 ; 92 : 1402-7.
 
34) Pulsinelli WA, et al. Increased damage after ischemic stroke in patients with hyperglycemia with or without established diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 1983 ; 74 : 540-4.
PubMed
35) Sieber FE, et al. Glucose : A reevaluation of its intraoperative use. Anesthesiology 1987 ; 67 : 72-81.
PubMed
P.115 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本神経外傷学会編. 重症頭部外傷治療・管理のガイドライン. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2001.
 
2) 川又達郎ほか. 重症頭部外傷急性期に認められる脳循環代謝障害と嫌気性解糖-各種脳代謝モニタリングによる検討. 神経外傷 1996 ; 19 : 128-32.
 
3) 池田裕介ほか. SjO2モニタリングは重症頭部外傷の予後判定に有用か? 神経外傷 1994 ; 17 : 189-93.
 
4) 中込忠好, 田村晃. 脳動脈瘤によるくも膜下出血. 松谷雅生, 田村晃編. 脳神経外科周術期管理のすべて. 改訂第2版. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2003. p. 2-33.
 
5) Saito K, et al. Management of the cavernous sinus in en bloc rcsections of malignant skull base tumors. Head Neck 1999 ; 21 : 734-42.
PubMed
6) Lundberg N. Continuous recording and control of ventricular fluid pressure in neurosurgical practice. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1960 ; 36 (Suppl 149) : 1-193.
PubMed
7) 神谷健, 永井肇. ICP亢進. 坪川孝志ほか編. 最新脳神経外科学. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1996. p. 204-10.
 
8) 鰐渕昌彦, 上出廷治. SAHの治療方針. 端和夫監修, 札幌医科大学脳神経外科学教室著. 脳神経外科臨床マニュアル. 改訂3版. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 2002. p. 688-701.
 
9) 刈部博. SPECT. 端和夫監修, 札幌医科大学脳神経外科学教室著. 脳神経外科臨床マニュアル. 改訂3版. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 2002. p. 159-71.
 
10) Grindal AB, Suter C. "Alpha- pattern coma" in high voltage elecrical injury Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1975 : 38 : 521-6.
 
11) Young GB, et al. Alpha, theta and alpha- theta coma : A clinical outcome study utilizing serial recodings. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1994 ; 91 : 93-9.
 
12) Rumpl E, et al. Incidence and prognostic value of spindles in post- traumatic coma. Electroencephalogr. Clin Neurophysiol 1983 ; 56 : 420-9.
PubMed
13) Cant BR, Shaw NA. Monitoring by compressed spectral array in prolonged coma. Neurology 1984 : 34 : 35-9.
PubMed
14) Gutling E, et al. EEG reactivity in the prognosis of severe head injury Neurology 1995 ; 45 : 915-8.
PubMed
15) Hockaday JM, et al. Electroencephalographic changes in acute cerebral anoxia from cardiac or respiratory arrest. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1965 ; 18 : 575-86.
PubMed
16) 小柏元英. 意識障害と脳波モニタリング. 坪川孝志ほか編. 最新脳神経外科学. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1996. p. 404-18.
 
17) 小柏元英. 意識障害・脳死と脳波. Clin Neurosci 1991 ; 9 : 937-40.
 
18) Magoun HW. An ascending reticular activating system in the brain stem. Arch Neurol Psychiatry 1952 ; 67 : 145-54.
PubMed
19) Firsching R, et al. 40 Hz-middle latency auditory evoked response in comatose patients. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987 ; 67 : 213-6.
PubMed
20) Galambos R, et al. A 40-Hz auditory potential recorded from the human scalp. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981 ; 78 : 2643-7.
PubMed
21) 塩貝敏之. 意識障害と聴性脳幹反応. 船坂宗太郎監修, 橋本勲, 矢野純編. 必携聴性脳幹反応ガイドブック. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2000. p. 99-110.
 
22) Kawahara N, et al. Intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures in relation to auditory brainstem responses and initiation of secondary brainstem damage. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1988 ; 28 : 661-6.
PubMed
23) Nagao S, et al. Prediction and cvaluation of brainstem function by auditory brainstem responses in patients with uncal herniation. Surg Neurol 1987 ; 27 : 81-6.
PubMed
24) 片山容一. 誘発電位. 坪川孝志ほか編. 最新脳神経外科学. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1996. p. 423-30.
 
25) Firsching R, Frowein RA. Multimodality evoked potentials and early prognosis in comatose patients. Neurosurg Rev 1990 ; 13 : 141-6.
PubMed
26) Pfurscheller G, et al. Clinical relevance of long-latency SEPs and VEPs during coma and emergence from coma. Electroencephalogr. Clin Neurophysiol 1985 ; 62 : 88-98.
 
P.139 掲載の参考文献
1) 河野克彬. 体液量, 分布および組成. 輸液療法入門. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1995. p. 3-4.
 
2) 飯野康彦. 体液代謝の生理学. 和田孝雄ほか編. 経静脈治療オーダーマニュアル. 大阪 : メディカルレビュー社 ; 2004. p. 430-4.
 
3) 丸茂文昭. 水電解質代謝. 越川昭三ほか編. 輸液ハンドブック. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 1994. p. 13-23.
 
4) 奥山宏臣. 水・電解質のみかた. 吉矢生人, 島田康弘編. 新しい集中治療の指針. 東京 : 南山堂 ; 1994. p. 309-13.
 
5) 田部井薫, 浅野泰. 輸液開始に必要な酸塩基平衡の公式. 診断と治療 1994 : 82 : 1082-6.
 
6) Alpern RJ, Rector FC. Renal acidification mechanisms. In : Brenner BM, editor. The Kidney 5th ed. Philadelphia : WB Saunders : 1996. p. 408-741.
 
7) 河野克彬. 酸塩基平衡に関する知識. 輸液療法入門. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1995. p. 26-55.
 
8) 和田孝雄. 輸液を必要とする患者へのアプローチ. Mcdicina 1991 ; 28 : 924-1038.
 
9) 北岡建樹. 脱水症. 飯野靖彦編. 水とNaの臨床. 東京 : 診断と治療社 ; 1998. p. 83-98.
 
10) 清水倉一. 体液バランスの評価の仕方-水分調節と水代謝異常. Mcdicina 1991 : 28 : 936-40.
 
11) 関井肇. 輸液製剤の種類と特徴. 杉田学編. 輸液療法の進め方ノート. 東京 : 羊土社 ; 2003. p. 22-6.
 
12) 富田公夫. 輸液製剤の特徴. 越川昭三ほか編. 輸液ハンドブック. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 1994. p. 73-9.
 
13) 竹本文美, 山田明. Na濃度の異常. Med Pract 2000 ; 17 : 1135-40.
Medical*Online
14) Lauriat SM, et al. The hyponatremic Paticnt Practical focus on therapy. J Am Soc Nephrol 1997 : 8 : 1599-604.
 
15) Cluitmans FHM, Meinders AE. Management of severe hyponaremia : Rapid or slow correction? Am J Med 1990 : 88 : 161-6.
PubMed
16) 渡辺義郎, 山浦晶. 病室での管理-A急性期. 小林茂昭, 中川翼編. 脳神経外科の周術期マネージメント. 東京 : 南江堂 ; 1992. p. 117-27.
 
17) 河野克彬. 体液の動きと調節系. 輸液療法入門. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1995. p. 7-21.
 
18) Kamel KS, et al. Disoder of potassium balance. In : Brenner BM, editor. The Kidney. Philadelphia : WB Saunders ; 1995. p. 999-1037.
 
19) Brown RS. Extrarenal potassium homeostasis. Kidney Int 1986 ; 30 ; 116-27.
PubMed
20) 木下佳子. 輸液管理の方法. 小西哲朗編. 輸液管理の新しい知識と方法. 東京 : メジカルフレンド社 ; 2001. p. 38-55.
 
21) 木嶋祥麿. 輸液の管理-副作用と合併症. 越川昭三ほか編. 輸液ハンドブック. 東京 : 中外医学社 : 1994. p. 105-15.
 
P.151 掲載の参考文献
1) Teasell R, et al. Use of percutancous gastrojejunostomy feeding tubcs in the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Arch Phys Med Rchabil 2001 : 82 : 1412-5.
 
2) Finestone HM. Safe feeding methods in stroke patients. Lancet 2000 : 355 : 1662-3.
PubMed
3) Dennis M. Nutrition after stroke. Br Med Bull 2000 : 56 : 466-75.
PubMed
4) Davalos A, et al. Effect of malnutrition after acute stroke on clinical outcome. Stroke 1996 : 27 : 1028-32.
PubMed
5) Steffee WP. Malnutrition in hospitalized patients. JAMA 1980 ; 244 : 2630-5.
PubMed
6) 今村宏, 川崎誠治. 低蛋白血症に対する補充のFormula. 臨外 1998 : 53 : 543-50.
 
7) 田中弥生. 在宅患者の栄養評価・栄養療法と管理栄養士の役割. 日静脈・経腸栄養研会誌 2003 ; 18 : 23-9.
 
8) Buzby GP, et al. Prognostic nutritional index in gastrointestinal surgery. Am J Surg 1980 ; 139 : 160-7.
PubMed
9) Fruin AH, et al. Caloric requiremecnts in patients with severe head injuries. Surg Neurol 1986 : 25 : 25-8.
PubMed
10) Militsa B. Nutrition in neurologic and neurosurgical critical care. Neurology India 2001 : 49 : 75-9.
 
11) 川島明次ほか. くも膜下出血患者の栄養学的検討. 脳神外ジャーナル 1997 ; 6 : 464-70.
 
12) 栗原照幸. 食事療法による神経疾患の治療と予防. 中村重信編著. 別冊医学の歩み. 神経疾患. 東京 : 医歯薬出版 ; 1999. p. 333-6.
 
13) Leonberg SC Jr, Elliott FA. Prevention of recurrent stroke. Stroke 1981 : 12 : 731-5.
PubMed
14) Suchner U, et al. Enteral versus parenteral nutrition : Effects on gastrointestinal function and metabolism. Nutrition 1996 ; 12 : 13-22.
PubMed
15) Norton B, et al. A randomised prospective comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tubc feeding after acute dysphagic stroke. BMJ 1996 ; 312 : 13-6.
 
16) 金景成ほか. 経管栄養を開始する際の工夫. 脳神外科 2000 ; 28 : 925.
 
17) Tejada Artigas A, et al. Risk factors for nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill trauma patients. Crit Cale Med 2001 ; 29 : 304-9.
 
18) Wijdicks EFM, McMahon MM. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy after acute stroke : Complication and outcome. Cereblovasc Dis 1999 : 9 : 109-11.
 
19) Taylor AL, et al. Percutancous endoscopic gastrostomy in patients with ventriculopcritoneal shunts. Br J Surg 2001 ; 88 : 724-7.
 
20) Twyman D. Nutritional management of the critically ill neurologic patient. Crit Care Clin 1997 : 13 : 39-49.
PubMed
21) 東保肇ほか. 高血圧性脳内出血および破裂脳動脈瘤における安静時代謝率. Neurol Med Chir 1986 ; 26 : 683-8.
Medical*Online
22) Quattrocchi K, et al. Impairment of helper T-cell function and lymphokine-activated killer cytotoxic following severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1991 : 75 : 766-73.
PubMed
23) 山中千恵. 脳神経外科領域患者の栄養評価. 脳神外科 1993 ; 21 : 703-9.
 
24) 木失克造ほか. 脳神経外科患者の栄養管理. 日臨 2001 ; 59 (増刊5 : 静脈・経腸栄養) : 430-3.
 
25) Kasuya H, et al. Metabolic profiles of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage treated by early surgery. Neurosurgery 1998 ; 42 : 1268-74.
PubMed
26) Touho H, et al. Hypermctabolism in the acute stage of hemorhagic cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 1990 ; 72 : 710-4.
 
27) 東保肇ほか. 破裂脳動脈瘤急性期におけるアミノ酸投与の諸栄養指数への影響. 脳神外ジャーナル 1994 ; 3 : 4-9.
 
28) 福生吉裕, 本田治久. 脳血管障害における静脈・経腸栄養. 日臨 2001 : 59 (増刊 5 : 静脈・経腸栄養) : 421-4.
 
29) Clifton GL, et al. Asscssment of nutritional requirements of head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 1986 ; 64 : 895-901.
PubMed
30) Clifton G, et al. The metabolic response to head injury. J Neurosurg 1984 ; 60 : 687-96.
PubMed
31) Young B, et al. Metabolic and nutritional sequelae in the non- steroid treated head injury patient. Neurosurgery 1985 ; 17 : 784-91.
PubMed
32) Lam A, et al. Hyperglycemia and neurological outcome in patients with head injuly. J Neurosurg 1991 : 75 : 545-51.
PubMed
33) Rapp Rp, et al. The favorablc effect of early parenteral feeding on survival in head- injured patients. J Neurosurg 1983 ; 58 : 906-12.
PubMed
34) Clifton GL. Medical management of head injury. Neurosurgeons 1993 ; 12 : 202-7.
 
P.160 掲載の参考文献
1) 堤晴彦ほか, ICUでの処置・管理. 亀山正邦編. 脳卒中治療マニュアル. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1991. p. 118-29.
 
2) 野中雅. 呼吸管理. 端和夫ほか監修. 脳卒中臨床マニュアル. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 1998. p. 398-402.
 
3) 野中雅. 呼吸管理-呼吸不全とその対策. 端和夫監修. 脳神経外科臨床マニュアル. 改訂3版. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 2001. p. 368-82.
 
4) 相川直樹, 堀進悟編. 救急レジデントマニュアル. 第3版. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2003.
 
5) 池田幸穂. 意識障害. NEW CHART脳神経外科. 東京 : 医学評論社 : 1998. p. 32-42.
 
6) 池田幸穂. 意識障害と脳ヘルニア. 松谷雅生ほか編. 脳神経外科周術期管理のすべて. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2000. p. 460-7.
 
7) 堤晴彦ほか. 救急処置. 松谷雅生ほか編. 脳神経外科 周術期管理のすべて. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2000. p. 522-47.
 
8) 秋田秦ほか. 人工呼吸器の使い方. 松谷雅生ほか編. 脳神経外科周術期管理のすべて. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2000. p. 548-56.
 
9) Andrews BT. General management and intensive care of the neurosurgical patient. In : Grossman RG, Loftus CM, editors. Principles of Neurosurgery. 2nd ed. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins ; 1999. p. 3-14.
 
10) 日本神経外傷学会編. 重症頭部外傷治療・管理のガイドライン. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2001.
 
11) 日本神経学会編. てんかん治療ガイドライン. 2002 (http://www.neurologyjp.org/guideline/cpilcpsy/index.html)
 
12) 日本脳卒中の外科学会編. 平成13年度厚生科学研究費補助金21世紀型医療開拓推進研究事業 (EBM分野) 研究報告書. 科学的根拠に基づくくも膜下出血診療ガイドライン. 東京 : にゅーろん社 ; 2003.
 
13) 脳卒中合同ガイドライン委員会編. 脳卒中治療ガイドライン 2004. 東京 : 協和企画 ; 2004.
 
14) 肺血栓塞栓症/深部静脈血栓症(静脈血栓塞栓症) 予防ガイドライン. ダイジェスト版. 東京 : 日本血栓止血学会 ; 2004. (http://www.jsth.org/12indices/gaido.php/)
 
P.170 掲載の参考文献
1) 太田富雄ほか. 意識障害の新しい分類法試案, 数量的表現 (III群3段階方式) の可能性について. 脳神外科 1974 ; 2 : 623-7
 
2) Teasdale G, Jannett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974 ; 2 : 81-4.
 
3) Layon AJ, Babrielli A. Elevated intracranial pressure. In : Layon AJ, et al, editors. Text Book in Neurointensive Care. Philadelphia : Saunders : 2004. p. 709-32.
 
4) Eccher M, Suarez JI. Cerebral edema and intracranial dynamics. Monitoring and management of intracranial pressure. In : Suarez JI, editor. Critical Care Neurology and Neurosurgery. Totowa : Humana Press : 2004. p. 46-100.
 
5) Piatt JH, Schiff SJ. High dose barbiturate therapy in neurosurgery and intensive care. Neurosurgery 1984 : 15 : 427-44.
PubMed
6) Metz C, et al. Moderatc hypothermia in patients with severe head injury. Cerebral and extracerebral effects. J Neurosurg 1996 ; 85 : 533-41.
PubMed
7) Schwab S, et al. Moderate hypothermia in the treatment of patients with severe middlc cerebral artcry infarction. Stroke 1998 : 29 : 2416-66.
 
8) Hypothermia after cardiac arrest study group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2002 : 346 : 549-56.
 
9) McDonagh DL, Borel CO. Ventilatory management in the neuroscience critical care unit. In : Suarez JI, editor. Critical Care Neurology and Neurosurgery. Totowa : Humana Press ; 2004. p. 151-66.
 
10) 野口宏. Neurogenic pulmonary edcma. 呼吸と循環 1978 ; 26 : 533.
 
11) 原弘規. 術後の呼吸管理. 尾山力監修. 手術直後の患者管理. 東京 : 克誠堂 ; 1993. p. 12.
 
12) 関洲二. 呼吸の補助. 術後患者の管理. 東京 : 金原出版 ; 2000. p. 64.
 
13) Marsh MH, et al. Timing of trachcotomy in critically ill patient. Chest 1989 ; 96 : 190-3.
 
14) 野口純一. 麻酔と胃液. 麻酔 1989 ; 38 : 852-68.
Medical*Online
15) Cucchiala RF, et al. Evaluation of esmolol in controlling increases in heart rate and blood pressure during endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing carotid endoartcrectomy. Anesthesiology 1986 ; 65 : 528-31.
 
16) Helfman SM, et al. Which drug prevents tachycardia and hypertension associated with trachcal intubation ; lidocain, fentanyl, or esmolol? Anesth Analg 1991 : 72 : 482-6.
PubMed
17) Neil- Dwyer G, et al. Beta-adrenoreceptor blocker and blood brain barricr. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1981 ; 11 : 549-53.
 
18) Hamilton M, et al. Venous thrombocmbolism in neurosurgery and neurology patients : A review. Neurosurgery 1994 : 34 : 280-96.
PubMed
19) 目黒琴生ほか. 脳神経外科患者にみられた肺塞栓症の検討. 脳神外科 1989 ; 17 : 533-7.
 
20) Hull RD. Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutancous hcparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 1986 : 315 : 1109-14.
PubMed
21) Chan A, et al. VTE occurs frcquently in patients undcrgoing brain tumor surgery despitc prophylaxis. J Thromb Thrombolysis 1999 ; 8 : 139-42.
 
22) Engelman D, et al. Hypercoagulability following multiplc trauma. World J Surg 1996 ; 20 : 5-10.
PubMed
23) Miller DW, Suarez JI. Neurologic and systemic monitoring in the NSU In : Suarcz JI, editor. Critical Care Neurology and Neurosurgery Totowa : Humana Press : 2004. p. 101-22.
 
24) Torbcy MT, Bhardwaj A. Cerebral blood flow physiology and monitoring. In : Suarez JI, editor. Critical Care Neurology and Neurosurgery Totowa : Humana Prcss : 2004. p. 23-5.
 
25) Sunshine JL, Tarr RW. Neuroimaging in neuroemergencies. In : Suarez JI, editor. Critical Care Neurology and Neurosurgery. Totowa : Humana Press : 2004. p. 123-35.
 
26) Granberg A, et al. Acutc confusion and unrcal experiences in intensive care patients in relation to the ICU syndrome. Part II. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 1999 : 15 : 19-33.
 
27) Hewitt J. Psycho-affective disordcr in intensive care units : A review. J Clin Nurs 2002 : 11 : 575-84.
PubMed
P.173 掲載の参考文献
1) Matthew E, et al. Seizures following intracranial surgery : Incidence in the first post- operative week. Can J Neurol Sci 1980 ; 7 : 285-90.
PubMed
2) Kvam DA, et al. Seizures during the immediate postopcrative period. Neurosurgery 1983 ; 12 : 14-7.
PubMed
3) Fukamachi A, et al. Immcdiate postoperative seizures : Incidence and computed tomographic findings. Surg Neurol 1985, 24 : 671-6.
PubMed
4) 石川正恒, 半田肇. 開頭術直後痙攣の臨床的検討. 脳神外科 1986 : 14 : 51-6.
 
5) Commission on classification and terminology of the international league against epilepsy. Proposal for revised classiflcation of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia 1989 ; 30 : 389-99.
PubMed
6) Kuijlen JM, et al. Effectiveness of andcpileptic prophylaxis used with supratentorial craniotomics : A meta analysis. Seizurc 1996 : 5 : 291-8.
PubMed
7) 橋詰清隆, 田中達也. 治療選択・薬剤選択・治療方針. 田村晃ほか編. EBMに基づく脳神経疾患の基本治療指針. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 : 2002. p. 226-30.
 
8) de Silva M, et al. Randomised comparative monotherapy trial of phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, or sodium valproate for newly diagnosed childhood epilcpsy. Lancet 1996 : 347 : 709-13.
PubMed
9) Heller AJ, et al. Phenobarbitone, phenytoin, carbamazepine or sodium valproatc for newly diagnosed adult epilepsy : A randomized comparative monotherapy trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995 : 58 : 44-50.
 
10) Mattson RH, et al. Comparison of carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phcnytoin, and primidone in partial and secondarily gencralized tonic-clonic seizures. N Engl J Med 1985 : 313 : 145-51.
PubMed
11) Mattson RH, et al. A comparison of valproate with carbamazepine for the treatment of complex partial seizures and secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizures in adults. N Engl J Med 1992 : 327 : 765-71.
PubMed
12) Franceschetti S, et al. Influence of surgery and antiepileptic drugs on seizures symptomatic of cerebral tumours. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990 ; 103 : 47-51.
PubMed
13) Glantz MJ, et al. Practice parameter : Anticonvulsant prophylaxis in patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000 ; 54 : 1886-93.
 
14) Salazar AM, Ellenbogen R. Posttraumatic epilepsy prevention. In : Kotagal P, Luders HO, editors. The Epilepsies : Etiologies and prevention. San Diego : Academic Presst 1999. p. 293-6.
 
15) Schierhout G, Roberts I. Anti-epileptic drugs for preventing seizures following acute traumatic brain injury (Cochrane Review). In : The Cochrane Library. 1. Oxford : Update Software ; 2001.
 
16) Lancman ME. Stroke-related epilepsy. In : Kotagal P, Luders HO, editors. The Epilepsies : Etiologies and Prevention. San Diego : Academic Press ; 1999. p. 399-407.
 
17) Byrne JV, et al. Seizures after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with coil embolization. Neurosurgery 2003 ; 52 : 545-50.
PubMed
18) Hayashi T, et al. Postoperative anticonvulsant prophylaxis for patients treated for cerebral aneurysms. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1999 : 39 : 828-33.
PubMed
19) Foy PM, et al. Do prophylactic anticonvulsant drugs alter the pattern of seizures after craniotomy? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 ; 55 : 753-7.
PubMed
P.176 掲載の参考文献
1) Engel J Jr. Status epilepticus. In : Engel J Jr, editor. Seizures and Epilepsy. Philadelphia : FA Davis : 1989. p. 256-80.
 
2) Lowenstein DH, Alldredge BK. Status epilepticus. N Engl J Med 1998 : 338 : 970-6.
PubMed
3) Aicardi J, Chevric JJ. Consequences of status epilepticus in infants and children Adv Neurol 1983 : 34 : 115-28.
 
4) Rothner AD, Monis III HH. 全般てんかん重積状態. Luders HO, Lesser RP編. 音成龍司訳. てんかん症候群の脳波と臨床. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 1989. p. 211-26.
 
5) 中井啓文, 田中達也. 全身性痙攣重積症. 松谷雅生, 田村晃編. 脳神経外科周術期管理のすべて. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2000. p. 431-2.
 
6) Rosenow F, et al. Recent developments in treatment of status epilepticus : A review. Epileptic Disord 2002 : 4 (Suppl 2) : S41-51.
 
7) 辻貞俊, 赤松直樹. 難治性てんかんの治療をめぐって-てんかん重積の治療 (解説). 臨神経 2001 : 41 : 1097-9.
 
8) Ulvi H, et al. Continuous infusion of midazolam in the treatment of refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Neurol Sci 2002 : 23 : 177-82.
PubMed
9) Koul R, et al. Eight- year study of childhood status epilepticus : Midazolam infusion in management and outcome. J Child Neurol 2002 : 17 : 908-10.
PubMed
10) Claassen J, et al. Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam : A systematic review. Epilepsia 2002 ; 43 : 146-53.
 
11) Prasad A, et al. Propofol and midazolam in the treatment of refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 2001 : 42 : 380-6.
PubMed
12) Jacqz-Aigrain E, et al. Pharmacokinetics of midazolam during continuous infusion in critically ill neonates. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992 ; 42 : 329-32.
PubMed
13) Brown LA, Levin GM. Role of propofol in refractory status epilepticus. Ann Pharmacother 1998 ; 32 : 1053-9.
PubMed
14) Walker IA, Slovis CM. Lidocaine in the treatment of status epilepticus. Acad Emerg Med 1997 : 4 : 918-22.
PubMed
15) De Giorgio CM, et al. Lidocaine in refractory status epilepticus : Confirmation of efficacy with continuous EEC monitoring. Epilepsia 1992 ; 33 : 913-6.
 
16) Pascual J, et al. Role of lidocaine (lignocaine) in managing status epilepticus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992 ; 55 : 49-51.
PubMed
17) Browne TR. Paraldehyde, chlormethiazole and lidocaine for treatment of status. Adv Neurol 1983 ; 34 : 509-18.
PubMed
P.182 掲載の参考文献
1) Weed LH, McKibbcn PS. Pressure changes in the CSP following intravenous injection of solutions of various concentrations. Am J Physiol 1919 ; 112 : 82-96.
 
2) 深井博志. 頭蓋内圧亢進の治療-特に尿素の新しい応用を中心に. 日医新報 1959 ; 1823 : 20-5.
 
3) Javid M, Settlage P. Effect of urea on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in human subject. Preliminary report JAMA 1956 ; 160 : 943-9.
 
4) Scharfetter G, et al. Zur Osmotherapie den intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1960 ; 90 : 342-5.
 
5) Wise BL, Chatcr N, Use of hypertonic mannitol solutions to lower celebrospinal fluid pressure and declease brain bulk in man. Surg Forum 1961 : 12 : 398-9.
 
6) 宮崎雄二ほか. 脳圧下降剤としてのマンニットールの新しい応用. 日医新報 1963 : 2062 : 13-7.
 
7) Virno M, et al. Azione del glicerolo sull edema cerebral nel coniglio dopo craniectomia. Gazz Int Med Chir 1961 : 66 : 3309-15.
 
8) Cantore G, et al. Oral glycerol for the reduction of intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg 1964 ; 21 : 278-83.
PubMed
9) Meyer JS, et al. The effect of intravenous infusion of glycerol on hemispheric blood flow and metabolism in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Stroke 1972 : 3 : 168-80.
PubMed
10) 日研化学株式会社. イソバイド. 医薬品インタビューフォーム. 東京 : 1994. p. 1-27.
 
11) 深井博志. 脳浮腫に対する脱水療法. 陣内伝之助監修. 脳神経外科の術前術後管理. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1966. p. 104-26.
 
12) 北岡建樹ほか. 浸透圧利尿薬. 日臨 1987 : 45 : 1200-11.
Medical*Online
13) 羽野壽ほか編. 泌尿器に作用する薬物. 新しい薬理学. 東京 : 廣川書店 : 1979. p. 266-7.
 
14) United States Pharmacopeial Convention. The United States Phalmacopeia. 21st Revision Maryland. 1984. p. 107, 287, 464, 499, 574, 617, 680, 1111.
 
15) 小川武希. マニトール, グリセオール, 利尿剤の適応. 救急医 2001 : 25 : 1561-4.
 
16) 高木宏ほか. マニトールの頭蓋内圧下降作用の機序について. 脳と神 1984 : 36 : 1095-102.
 
17) 河野輝昭ほか. グリセロールとマンニトールの脱水作用の違い. 脳神外科 1992 ; 20 : 229-34.
 
18) 村上貴孝, 杉本健郎. 脳圧降下剤の使い方. 小児内科 1993 : 25 : 1325-7.
 
19) 石井昌三ほか. グリセロール (CG-A3O) の頭蓋内圧亢進に対する臨床効果, とくにマンニットールとの二重盲検法による薬効検定. 新薬と臨 1977 : 26 : 1791-815.
 
20) 渡辺博, 石井昌三. 脳浮腫の予防と治療. 佐野圭司, 半田肇編. 脳神経手術管理法. 第2版. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1984. p. 454-75.
 
21) 野手洋治ほか. 脳圧降下剤の臨床的研究. マニトールおよびグリセロールの投与方法を異にする効果と反跳現象についての比較. 脳神外科 1983 ; 11 : 259-67.
 
22) 長谷川弘ほか. 経口脳脊髄液圧下降剤イソソルビドの臨床的研究. 新潟医会誌 1968 ; 82 : 11-9.
 
23) Wise BL, et al. Experimental use of isosorbide : An oral osmotic agent to lower cerebrospinal pressure and reduce brain bulk. J Neurosurg 1966 : 25 : 183-8.
 
24) Galicich JH, et al. Use of dexamethasone in treatment of cerebral edema associated with brain tumors. Lancet 1961 ; 81 : 46-53.
PubMed
25) 大井静雄. 脳腫瘍の臨床分析からみた脳神経疾患におけるステロイド療法. 松本悟監修. 東京 : にゅーろん社 ; 1983. p. 1-119.
 
26) 佐野圭司, 畠中坦. 脳浮腫のステロイド療法. 最新医 1963 ; 18 : 2478-92.
 
27) Patten BM. Double- blind study of the effects of dexamethasone on acute stroke. Neurology 1972 ; 22 : 377-83.
PubMed
28) 亀山正邦. 脳血管障害とステロイドホルモン. 神経内科 1976 ; 5 : 207-12.
 
29) Lee MC, et al. Ineffectiveness of dexamethasone for treatment of experimental cerebral infarction. Stroke 1974 ; 5 : 216-8.
PubMed
30) Dearden NM, et al. Effect of high- dose dexamethasone on outcome from severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1986 ; 64 : 81-8.
PubMed
31) 石井昌三, 渡辺博. 脳浮腫とステロイド. 神経内科 1976 ; 5 : 219-25.
 
32) 畠中坦. ステロイド療法, 適応症例と投与法の選択, 脳神経外科領域. 日臨 1976 ; 37 : 1316-25.
 
P.193 掲載の参考文献
1) Naff NJ. Intraventricular hemorrhage in adults. Curr Treat Options Neurol 1999 ; 1 : 173-8.
PubMed
2) Rajshekhar V, Harbaugh RE. Results of routine ventriculostomy with external ventricular drainage for acute hydrocephalus following subarachnoid haemorhage Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1992 ; 115 : 8-14.
 
3) Chesnut RM. Guidelincs for the management of severe head injury, What we know and what we think we know. J Trauma 1997 : 42 : 19-22.
 
4) 佐藤倫子ほか. 小児中枢神経系感染症の手術治療の検討. 小児の脳神 1989 ; 14 : 447-53.
 
5) Scarff TB, et al. External drainage for ventriculal infection following cerebrospinal fluid shunts. Childs Brain 1978 : 4 : 129-36.
 
6) Raimondi AJ, Tomita T. Hydrocephalus and infratcntorial tumors : Incidence, clinical picturc, and treatment. J Neurosurg 1981 : 55 : 174-82.
PubMed
7) Albright AL, et al. Current neurosurgical treatment of medulloblastoma in childrcn : A report from the Children's Cancer Study Group Pcdiatr Neurosci 1989 ; 15 : 276-82.
 
8) Reike K, et al. Therapeutic strategies in space- occupying cerebellar infarction based on clinical, neuroradiological and neurophysiological data. Cerebrovasc Dis 1993 ; 3 : 45-55.
 
9) 伊藤昌徳ほか. 重症小脳梗塞の外科的治療-脳室ドレナージか梗塞巣切除術か. 脳卒中の外科 1995 : 23 : 87-92.
Medical*Online
10) Matsutani M, et al. Primary intracranial germ cell tumors : A clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases. J Neurosurg 1997 : 86 : 446-55.
 
11) Rickert CH. Abdominal metastases of pediatric brain tumors via ventriculo- peritoncal shunt. Childs Nerv Syst 1998 : 14 : 10-4.
 
12) 山浦品. 臨床解剖. 山浦晶ほか編. 標準脳神経外科学. 第9版. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 2002. p. 36.
 
13) Shimizu S, et al. Manual occipital ventricular puncture for cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery : Can aiming be standaldized? Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2004 : 44 : 353-8.
PubMed
14) Friedman WA, Vrics JK. Percutancous tunnel ventriculostomy : Summary of 100 procedures. J Neurosurg 1980 : 53 : 662-5.
 
15) Narayan RK, et al. Intracranial plessure : To monitor or not to monitor? A review of our experience with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1982 : 56 : 650-9.
PubMed
16) Paramore CG, Turncr DA. Relative risks of ventriculostomy infection and morbidity. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1994 : 127 : 79-84.
 
17) Mizoi K, et al. Prospective study on the prevention of cerebral vasospasm by intrathecal fibrinolytic therapy with tissue- type plasminogen activator. J Neurosurg 1993 ; 78 : 430-7.
PubMed
18) Kodama N, et al. Cistcrnal irrigadon therapy with urokinase and ascorbic acid for prevention of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Outcome in 217 patients. Surg Neurol 2000 : 53 : 110-7.
PubMed
19) Shapiro SA, Scully T. Closed continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid via a lumbar subarachnoid catheter for treatment or prevention of cranial/spinal cerebrospinal fluid flstula. Neurosurgery 1992 : 30 : 241-5.
 
20) 山上岩男ほか. 頭蓋底手術後に発生する髄液漏. 脳神外科 1996 : 24 : 29-33.
 
21) Klimo P Jr, et al. Marked reduction of cerebral vasospasm with lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage J Neurosurg 2004 ; 100 : 215-24.
PubMed
22) Gruber A, et al. Evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after early surgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 1998 : 42 : 258-67.
PubMed
23) Acikbas SC, et al. Complications of closed continuous lumbar drainage of cerebrospinal fluid. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2002 : 144 : 475-80.
PubMed
24) Haran RP, Chandy MJ. Symptomatic pneumocephalus after transsphcnoidal surgery. Surg Neurol 1997 : 48 : 575-8.
PubMed
25) Samadani U, et al. Intracranial hypotension after intraopcrative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Neurosurgery 2003 : 52 : 148-52.
PubMed
26) Tulipan N, et al. Stereotactic ventriculoperitoneal shunt for idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Technical note. Neurosurgery 1998 : 43 : 175-7.
PubMed
27) Spetzler RF, et al. Simplified percutaneous lumboperitoneal shunting Surg Neurol 1977 : 7 : 25-9.
 
28) 日本正常圧水頭症研究会, 特発性正常圧水頭症ガイドライン作成委員会編. 特発性正常圧水頭症診療ガイドライン. 大阪 : メディカルレビュー社 ; 2004. p. 24-5.
 
29) Crutchfield JS, et al. Evaluation of a fiberoptic intracranial pressure monitor. J Neurosurg 1990 : 72 : 482-7.
PubMed
30) Czosnyaka M, et al. Laboratory testing of three intracranial pressurc microtransducers : Technical Report Nculosurgery 1996 : 38 : 219-24.
 
31) Kasai K, et al. Intracranial pressure monitoring using a newly developed transducer-tipped ventricular drainage catheter : Technical note. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1998 : 38 : 238-40.
 
32) 工藤忠, 荒川均. 一方弁入りエクステンションチューブを使用した持続脳脊髄液ドレナージシステム. 脳神外科 1984 : 12 : 1161-4.
 
33) 中山禎司ほか. 高齢者正常圧水頭症の診断と治療 : One-way valve tubeを用いたspinal drainage法. 第6回日本老年脳神経外科学会講演集. 1994. p. 96-100.
 
34) 久保重喜ほか. 超高齢者破裂脳動脈瘤の1手術例 : One-way ball valveを利用した脳槽ドレナージの工夫. 脳神外科 2000 ; 28 : 899-903.
 
35) 久保重喜ほか. One way ball valveを利用した体外脳室心房短絡術 : 脳室ドレナージ中の患者のADL改善のために. 脳神外科 2002 : 30 : 405-9.
 
P.201 掲載の参考文献
1) Mangram AJ, et al. The hospital infection control practices advisory committcc : Guidcline for plcvcntion of surgical site infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999 ; 20 : 247-78.
 
2) 岡田保誠ほか. 脳神経外科感染症におけるガイドライン. 諸外国におけるガイドライン. 化療の領域 2002 ; 18 : 56-60.
 
3) Bayton R, et al. Infection in neurosurgery working party of the British Society for antimicrobial chemotherapy : Use of antibiotics in penetrating craniocerebral injuries. Lancet 2000 : 355 : 1813-7.
 
4) 福田充宏ほか. 脳神経外科感染症におけるガイドライン. 日本におけるガイドライン. 化療の領域 2002 ; 18 : 44-54.
 
5) 加川瑞夫. 脳神経外科領域の感染症. 綜合臨 2003 ; 52 : 724-31.
Medical*Online
6) Kaburagi M, et al. Bacteria detected and the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics during hypothermia. In : Hayashi N, editor. Brain Hypothermia. Tokyo : Springer-Verlag ; 2000. p. 113-9.
 
7) 鏑木盛雄ほか. 低体温下におけるpharmacodynamicsからみた抗生物質の薬効. 日救急医会誌 2001 ; 1243-53.
 
8) 林成之ほか. 脳低体温療法の成否を決定する技術的な問題点と対策. 集中治療 1997 : 9 : 675-86.
 
9) 斎藤篤. 特殊病態下感染症の抗菌薬療法. 上田泰編. 臨床医のための抗微生物薬化学療法. 東京 : ライフ・サイエンス ; 2003. p. 282-9.
 
10) Rebeck JA, et al. Infection related to intracranial pressure monitors in adults : Analysis of risk factors and antibiotic prophylaxis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000 ; 69 : 381-4.
 
11) Klekner A, et al. Cefazolin prophylaxis in neurosurgery monitored by capillary electrophoresis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2003 ; 15 : 249-54.
PubMed
12) 戸塚恭一ほか. 抗菌薬使用の原則. 日本感染症学会・日本化学療法学会編. 抗菌薬使用の手引き. 東京 : 協和企画 ; 2001. p. 31-41.
 
P.204 掲載の参考文献
1) Centers for Discase Control and Prevention. Guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection. 1999.
 
2) 加川瑞夫. 脳神経外科領域の感染症. 綜合臨 2003 : 52 : 724-31.
Medical*Online
3) Reichert MC. Hospital- acquired meningitis in patients undergoing craniotomy : Incidence, cvolution, and risk factors. Am J Infect Control 2002 : 30 : 158-64.
PubMed
4) Moro ML, et al. Risk factors for surgical wound infections in clcan surgry : A multicenter study. Italian PRINOS Study Group. Ann Ital Chir 1996 ; 67 : 13-9.
 
5) 南田善弘ほか. 術後耐性菌感染症への対応-脳外科手術における毛髪処理法と術後感染. 日化療会誌 2002 ; 50 : 33.
 
6) 櫻井淳ほか. GORE‐TEX人工硬膜にアレルギー反応を示した症例の頭蓋形成術. 日頭蓋顎顔面外会誌 2003 ; 19 : 163-9.
 
7) 吉開俊一ほか. 腰椎腹腔シャント術を施行した成人交通性水頭症119症例における手術合併症の解析. 脳神外ジャーナル 2003 ; 12 : 430-6.
 
8) Brown E. Infections in Neurosurgery : Using laboratory data to plan optimal treatment strategies. Drugs 2002 : 62 : 909-13.
PubMed
9) Federico G, et al. Risk factors and prognostic indicators of bacterial meningitis in a cohort of 3580 postneurosurgical patients. Scand J Infect Dis 2001 ; 33 : 533-7.
 
10) 糟谷英俊. 開頭術後MRSA敗血症の2例. Current Concepts in Infectious Diseases 2000 ; 19 : 10-1.
 
11) Lopez-Cprtes LF, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid tumor necrosis factor- α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 as diagnosis markers of cerebrospinal fluid infection in neurosurgical patients. Crit Care Med 2000 ; 28 : 215-9.
 
12) 西川節, 坂本博昭. 髄膜炎の治療-特に抗生剤の投与について. 脊椎脊髄ジャーナル 2002 ; 15 : 311-4.
 
P.224 掲載の参考文献
1) Feng H, et al. Effect of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure on outcome prediction of severe traumatic brain injury. Chin J Traumatol 2000 : 3 : 226-30.
PubMed
2) Moore RY, Bloom FE. Central catecholamine neuron systems : Anatomy and physiology of the dopamine system. Annu Rev Neurosci 1978 : 1 : 129-69.
PubMed
3) Nagao K, et al. Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation using emergency cardiopulmonary bypass, coronary reperfusion therapy and mild hypothermia in patients with cardiac arrest outside the hospital. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 : 36 : 776-83.
PubMed
4) Rosomoff HL, Holaday DA. Cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygcn consumption during hypothcrmia. Am J Physiol 1954 : 179 : 85-8.
PubMed
5) Berntman L, et al. Cerebral protective effect of low-grade hypothermia. Anesthesiology 1981 : 55 : 495-8.
PubMed
6) Biggar WD, et al. Partial recovery of neutrophil functions during prolonged hypothermia in pigs. J Appl Physiol 1986 : 60 : 1186-9.
PubMed
7) Boels PJ, et al. Moderate cooling dcpresses the accumulation and the release of newly synthesized catecholamines in isolated canine saphenous veins. Experientia 1985 : 41 : 1374-7.
PubMed
8) Busto R, et al. Small differences in intra- ischemic brain temperature critically determine the extent of ischcmic neuronal injuly. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987 : 7 : 729-38.
 
9) Cardell M, et al. Hypothermia plevents the ischemia- induced translocation and inhibition of protein kinasc C in the rat striatum. J Neurochem 1991 : 57 : 1814-7.
 
10) Chopp M, et al. Effect of mild hyperthermia on recovery of metabolic function after global cerebral ischemia in cats. Stroke 1988 : 19 : 1521-5.
 
11) Dietrich WD, et al. Effects of normothermic versus mild hyperthermic forebrain ischemia in rats. Stroke 1990 : 21 : 1318-25.
PubMed
12) Jiang JY, et al. Moderate hypothermia reduces blood- brain barrier dismption following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1992 ; 84 : 495-500.
 
13) Welsh FA, et al. Mild hypothermia prevents ischemic injury in gerbil hippocampus. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1990 ; 10 : 557-63.
PubMed
14) Clifton GL, et al. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 2001 : 344 : 556-63.
PubMed
15) Hayashi N, et al. The prevention of cerebral thermo-pooling, damage of A 10 nervous system, and free radical reactions by control of brain tissue temperature in severely brain injured patients. In : Teelken AW, editor. Neurochemistry. New York : Plenum Press : 1997. p. 97-103.
 
16) Hayashi N. The clinical issue and effectiveness of brain hypothcrmia treatment for severe brain injured patients. In : Hayashi N, editor. Brain Hypothermia. Tokyo, Berlin, Hcidelberg, New York, Barcerona, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, New Dclhi, Singaporc : Springer- Verlag : 2000. p. 121-51.
 
17) Hayashi N. Clinical management of brain hypothcrmia. In : Hayashi N, Dictrich DW, cditors Brain Hypothermia Treatment Tokyo, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris : Springer- Verlag : 2004. p. 37-325.
 
18) Leibowitz SF. Macronutrients and brain peptides : What they do and how they respond. In : Berthoud HR, Seeley RJ, editors. Neural and Metabolic Control of Macronutrient Intake. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington DC : CRC Press : 2000. p. 53-62.
 
19) Hayashi N. Enhanced neuronal damage in severely brain injured patients by hypothalamus, pituitary, and adrenal axis neuro-hormonal change. In : Hayashi N, editor. Brain Hypothcrmia. Tokyo, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Barcerona, Hong Kong, London, Milan, Paris, New Dclhi, Singapore : Springer- Verlag : 2000. p. 3-26.
 
20) Hayashi N, et al. The computed cerebral hypothermia management technique to the critical head injury paients Advances in Neurotrauma Rescarch 1993 : 5 : 61-4.
 
21) 林成之. 脳低温療法の治療. 林成之編. 脳低温療法. 東京 : 総合医学社 ; 1995. p. 1-105.
 
22) 林成之. 重症頭部外傷患者にたいする脳低温管理とドパミン, 下垂体ホルモン補充の併用療法. 日集中治療医会誌 1997 : 4 : 191-7.
 
23) Hayashi N. Prevention of vegetation after severe head trauma and stroke by combination therapy of cerebral hypothermia and activation of immune- dopaminergic nervous system. Poceedings of the 6th Annual Meeting of Socicty for Treatment of Coma 1997 ; 6 : 133-45.
 
24) 林成之. 脳低温療法の成否を決定する技術的な問題点と対策. 片岡喜由, 林成之編. 脳低温療法の基礎と臨床. 東京 : 総合医学社 ; 1998. p. 95-108.
 
25) 林成之. 脳低温療法のICU管理技術. 救急医 1999 : 23 : 623-36.
 
26) Chuo AM, Lim JK. Thyroid dysfunction in elderly patients. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2003 : 32 : 96-100.
PubMed
27) Corte FD, et al. Provocative hypothalamopituitary axis tests in severe head injury : Corrclaion with severity and prognosis. Crit Care Med 1998 : 26 : 1419-26.
 
28) Dudariev VP, Lanovenko II. Changes in the oxygen-binding properties of the blood in white rats under the influence of hypoxia and its pharmacological correction. Fiziol Zh 1999 ; 45 : 97-103.
PubMed
29) Benveniste H, et al. Ischemic damage in hippocampal CA1 is dependent on glutamate releasc and intact innervation from CA3. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1989 : 9 : 629-39.
PubMed
30) Globus MY, et al. Intra-ischcmic cxtracellular releasc of dopamine and glutamate is associated with striatal vulncrability to ischemia. Neurosci Lett 1988 : 91 : 36-40.
PubMed
31) Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness : A practical scale. Lancet 1974 ; 2 : 81-4.
PubMed
32) Socjima A, et al. Hypoalbumiemia accelerates erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation in chronic hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol 1999 : 51 : 92-7.
PubMed
33) Marion DW, et al. The uses of moderate therapeutic hypothermia for patients with severe head injuries : A preliminary report. J Neurosurg 1993 ; 79 : 354-62.
 
34) Baker AJ, et al. Changes in extrascellular concentrations of glutamate, asparate, glycine, dopamine, serotonin, and dopamine metabolites after transient global ischemia in the rat. J Neurochem 1991 ; 57 : 1370-9.
 
35) Silvka A, Coben G. Hydroxyl radical attack on dopamine. J Biol Chem 1985 ; 260 : 15466-72.
 
36) Hayashi N, et al. Application of a novel technique for clinical evaluation of nitric oxide-induced free radical reactions in ICU patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol 1999 ; 19 : 3-17.
 
37) Boise LH, et al. Bcl-2 and Bcl-2-related proteins in apoptosis regulation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1995 ; 200 : 107-21.
PubMed
38) Krajewski S, et al. Upregulation of bax proteins in neurons following cerebral ischemia. J Neurosci 1995 ; 15 : 6364-76.
PubMed
39) American Heart Association. Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation 2000 ; 102 : 1-383.
 
40) Bernard SA, et al. Treatment of comatose survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with induced hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2002 ; 346 : 557-63.
PubMed
41) Horstick G, et al. Early albumin infusion improves global and local hemodynamics and reduces inflammatory response in hemorrhagic shock. Crit Care Med 2002 ; 30 : 851-5.
PubMed
42) Georgiadis D, et al. Endovascular cooling for moderate hypothermia in patients with acute stroke : First results of a novel approach. Stroke 2001 : 32 : 2550-3.
PubMed
43) Inderbitzen B, et al. Safety and performance of a novel intravascular catheter for induction and reversal of hypothermia in a porcine model. Neurosurgery 2002 ; 50 : 364-70.
 
44) Contreras AM, et al. Low serum albumin and the increased risk of amikacin nephrotoxicity. Rev Invest Clin 1994 ; 46 : 37-43.
PubMed
45) Krahenbuhl S, et al. Characterization of mechanisms causing hypoalbuminemia in rats with long-term bile duct ligation. J Hepatol 1995 ; 23 : 79-86.
PubMed
46) Quinlan GJ, et al. Administration of albumin to patients with sepsis syndrome : A possible beneficial role in plasma thiol repletion. Clin Sci (Lond) 1998 ; 95 : 459-65.
PubMed
47) Quinlan GJ, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass : Do compromised plasma iron bindinganti-oxidant protection andthiol levels influence outcome? Crit Care Med 2000 ; 28 : 2271-6.
 
48) Rhee P, et al. Human neutrophil activation and increased adhesion by various resuscitation fluids. Crit Care Med 2000 ; 28 : 74-8.
PubMed
49) Vuong TD, et al. Hypoalbuminaemia enhances the renal vasoconstrictor effect of lysophosphatidylcholine. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2003 ; 18 : 1485-92.
PubMed
50) Widmann R, et al. Protective effect of hypothermia on hippocampal injury after 30 minutes of forebrain ischemia in rats is mediated by postischemic recovery of protein synthesis. J Neurochem 1993 ; 61 : 200-6.
PubMed
51) Harington D, et al. The effect of solbutamol on skeletal muscle in chronic heart failure. Int J Cardiol 2000 : 73 : 257-65.
 
52) Haig AJ, Ruess LM. Recovery from vegetative state of six months' duration associated with Sinemet (levodopa/carbidopa). Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990 ; 71 : 1081-3.
 
53) Creutz LM, Kritzer MF. Estrogen receptor-beta immunoreactivity in the midbrain of adult rats : Regional, subregional, and cellular localization in the A10, A9, and A8 dopamine cell groups. J Comp Neurol 2002 ; 446 : 288-300.
PubMed
P.231 掲載の参考文献
1) グッドマン・ギルマン. 催眠薬及び鎮静剤薬理書 (薬物治療の基礎と臨床). 東京 : 廣川書店 ; 2003. p. 519-27.
 
2) 栗山欣弥, 松田友宏. 神経抑制薬及び催眠剤. 脳と神経の薬理. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1989. p. 70-6.
 
3) Horsley JS. The intracranial pressure during barbital narcosis Lancet 1937 : 1 : 549-56.
 
4) Shapiro HM, et al. Barbiturate augmented hypothermia for reduction of persistent intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 1974 ; 40 : 90-100.
PubMed
5) Marshall LF, et al. The outcome with aggressive treatment in severe head injuries. J Neurosurg 1979 ; 50 : 26-30.
PubMed
6) Schwartz M, et al. The University of Toronto head injury treatment study : A prospective randomized comparison of pentobarbital and mannitol. Can J Neurol Sci 1984 ; 11 : 434-40.
PubMed
7) Ward JD, et al. Failure of prophylactic barbiturate coma in the treatment of severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1985 ; 62 : 383-8.
PubMed
8) Eisenberg HM, et al. High- dose barbiturate control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe head injury. J Neurosurg 1988 : 69 : 15-23.
PubMed
9) 矢埜正実ほか. 重症頭部外傷85例に行ったbarbiturateの大量負荷療法. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1981 ; 21 : 163-70.
 
10) 中村弘ほか. 重症頭部外傷におけるbarbiturateの大量負荷療法の有用性と限界-頭蓋内病変の違いによるbarbiturate療法の有用性の差について. 神経外傷 1987 : 10 : 40-6.
 
11) 重森稔ほか. 急性期頭蓋内血腫に対する術後のbarbiturate療法. 神経外傷 1987 : 10 : 18-24.
 
12) Nordstrom GH, et al. Celebral blood flow, vasoreactivity and oxygen consumption during barbiturate therapy in severe traumatic brain lesions .J Neurosurg 1988 ; 68 : 424-31.
 
13) Goodman JC, et al. Lactate and excitatory amino acids measured by microdialysis are deereased by pentobarbital coma in head-injured patients. J Neurotrauma 1996 ; 13 : 549-56.
PubMed
14) Obrist WD, et al. Cerebral blood flow and metrabolism in comatose patients with acute head injury. Relationship to intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 1984 ; 61 : 241-53.
 
15) Cruz J. Advcrse effects of pentobarbitd on cerebral venous oxygenation of comatosc patients with acute traumatic brain swelling : Rclationship to outcome. J Neurosurg 1996 ; 85 : 758-61.
 
16) 下田雅美ほか. 急性期脳神経外科疾患におけるrenal protection. Neurol Surg 1988 ; 16 : 851-6.
 
17) 小田真理ほか. Barbiturate療法における全身合併症の問題点と対策. Neurol Surg 1992 ; 20 (12) : 1241-6.
 
18) Evans WE, et al. Phenobarbital- induced hepatic dysfuncion. Drug Intell Clin Pharmacol 1976 ; 10 : 439-43.
 
19) Weisburst M, et al. Jaundice and rash associated with the use of phenobarbital and hydrochlorothiazide. South Med J 1976 : 69 : 126-7.
PubMed
20) Carulli N, et al. Alteration of drug metabolism during cholcstasis in man. Eur J Clin Invest 1975 : 5 : 455-62.
PubMed
21) 弓削孟文ほか. Barbitulate療法におけるBarbiturate血中濃度と好中球貪食殺菌能. ICUとCCU 1988 : 12, 789-93.
 
22) 北島美信ほか. 静脈麻酔薬, 麻酔の自血球遊走阻止作用. 麻酔 1981 : 32 : 811-7.
 
P.240 掲載の参考文献
1) Eskridge JM, et al. Endovascular embolization of 150 basilar tip aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils : results of the Food and Drug Administration multicenter clinical trial. J Neurosurg 1998 ; 89 (1) : 81-6.
PubMed
2) Guglielmi G, et al. Electrothrombosis of saccular aneurysms via endovascular approach. Part 2 : Preliminary clinical experience. J Neurosurg 1991 ; 75 (1) : 8-14.
PubMed
3) Guglielmi G, et al. Electrothrombosis of saccular aneurysms via endovascular approach. Part 1 : Electrochemical basis, technique, and experimental results. J Neurosurg 1991 ; 75 (1) : 1-7.
PubMed
4) Vinuela F, et al. Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of acute intracranial aneurysm : perioperative anatomical and clinical outcome in 403 patients. J Neurosurg 1997 ; 86 (3) : 475-82.
PubMed
5) Kinugasa K, et al. Direct thrombosis of aneurysms with cellulose acetate polymer. Part II : Preliminary clinical experience. J Neurosurg 1992 : 77 (4) : 501-7.
PubMed
6) Molyneux AJ, et al. Cerebral Aneurysm Multicenter European Onyx (CAMEO) trial : results of a prospective observational study in 20 European centers. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004 : 25 (1) : 39-51.
PubMed
7) Murayama Y, et al. Development of the biologically active Guglielmi detachable coil for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Part II : an experimental study in a swine aneurysm model. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999 : 20 (10) : 1992-9.
 
8) Raymond J, et al. Safety and efficacy of endovascular treatment of acutely ruptured aneurysms. Neurosurgery 1997 : 41 (6) : 1235-45 : discussion 1245-6.
 
9) Solander S, et al. Endovascular treatment of multiple intracranial aneurysms by using Guglielmi detachable coils. J Neurosurg 1999 ; 90 (5) : 857-64.
PubMed
10) Murayama Y, et al. Development of a biologically active Guglielmi detachable coil for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Part I : in vitro study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 19991. 20 (10) : 1986-91.
 
11) Murayama Y, et al. Matrix and bioabsorbable polymeric coils accelerate healing of intracranial aneurysms : long term experimental study. Stroke 2O03 ; 34 (8) : 2031-7.
 
12) Molyneux A, et al. International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) of neurosurgical clipping versus endovascular coiling in 2143 patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysms : a randomised trial. Lancet 2002 ; 360 (9342) : 1267-74.
PubMed
13) Yadav JS, et al. Protected carotid artery stenting versus endarterectomy in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med 2004 ; 351 (15) : 1493-501.
PubMed
14) Hassan T, et al. Treatment of giant fusiform aneurysms of the basilar trunk with intra-aneurysmal and basilar artery coil embolization. Surg Neurol 2004 ; 62 (5) : 455 62 ; discussion 462.
PubMed
15) Hassan T, et al. Computational simulation of therapeutic parent artery occlusion to treat giant vertebrobasilar aneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004 ; 25 (1) : 63-8.
PubMed
16) Hassan T, et al. Hemodynamic analysis of an adult vein of Galen aneurysm malformation by use of 3D image based computational fluid dynamics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003 ; 24 (6) : 1075-82.
PubMed
17) Tateshima S, et al. Three-dimensional blood flow analysis in a wide necked internal carotid anery-ophthalmic artery aneurysm. J Neurosurg 2003 ; 99 (3) : 526-33.
 
18) Murayama Y, et al. Embolization of incidental cerebral aneurysms by using the Guglielmi detachable coil system. J Neurosurg 1999 ; 90 (2) : 207-14.
PubMed
19) Takahashi A, et al. Transvenous copper wire inserdon for dural arteriovenous malformations of cavemous sinus. J Neurosurg 1989 ; 70 (5) : 751-4.
 
20) Ezura M, et al. Hydrophilic polymer-coated guide wire combined with progressive suppleness pursil catheter for safer, more definitive embolisation of arteriovenous malformations. Neuroradiology 1994 : , 36 (4) : 326-9.
PubMed
22) Eztra M, et al. Evaluation of regional cerebral blood flow using single photon emission tomography for the selection of patients for local fibrinolytic therapy of acute cerebral embolism. Neurosurg Rev 1996 ; 19 (4) : 231 6.
 
23) Cronqvist M, et al. Local intraarterial fibrinolysis of thromboemboli occuning during endovascular treatment of intracerebral aneurysm : a comparison of anatomic results and clinical outcome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998 ; 19 (1) : 157-65.
 
24) McDougall CG, et al. Causes and management of aneurysmal hemorrhage occurring during embolization with Guglielmi detachable coils. J Neurosurg 1998 ; 89 (1) : 87-92.
PubMed
25) Biondi A, et al. Cerebral aneurysms treated by Guglielmi detachable coils : evaluation with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2000 : 21 (5) : 957-63.
PubMed
26) Li J, et al. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula with venous reflux to the brainstem and spinal cord mimicking brainstem infarction-case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2004 ; 44 (1) : 24-8.
 
27) Ezwa M, et al. Diffusion-weighted MRI and selection of patients for fibrinolytic therapy of acute cerebral ischaemia. Neuroradiology 2000 : 42 (5) : 379-83.
 
27) Grubcr A, et al. Evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after early surgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms Neurosurgery 1998 : 42 (2) : 258-67 : discussion 267-8.
 
28) Murayama Y, et al. lncidence of cerebral vasospasm after endovascular treatment of acutely ruptured aneuwsms : report on 69 cases. J Neurosurg 1997 ; 87 (6) : 830-5.
 
29) Ezura M, et al. Intra- aneurysmal GDC embolization followed by intrathecal tPA administration for poor-grade basilar tip aneurysm. Surg Neurol 1997 ; 47(2) : 144-7 ; discussion 147-8.
 
30) Eskridge JM, et al. Balloon angioplasty for the treatment of vasospasm : results of first 50 cases. Neurosurgery 1998 : 42 (3) : 510-6 : discussion 516-7.
 
31) Newell DW, et al. Angioplasty for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1989 ; 71 (5 Pt 1) : 654-60.
 
32) Byrne JV, et al. Five- year expcerience in using coil embolization for ruptured intacranial aneurysms : outcomes and incidence of late rebleeding. J Neurosurg 1999 ; 90(4) : 656-63.
 
33) Hayakawa M, et al. Natural history of the neck remnant of a cerebral aneurysm treated with the Guglielmi detachable coil system. J Neurosurg 2000 ; 93 (4) : 561-8.
PubMed
34) Boulin A, et al. Follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with detachable coils : comparison of gadolinium- enhanced 3D time-of-flight MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Radiology 2001 : 219 (1) : 108-13.
PubMed
35) Yamada N, et al. Time- of- flight MR angiography targeted to coiled intracranial aneurysms is more sensitive to residual flow than is digital subtraction angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004 ; 25 (7) : 1154-7.
PubMed
36) Brunereau L, et al. Prospective evaluation of time- of- flight MR angiography in the follow-up of intracranial saccular aneurysms treated with Gugliclmi detachable coils. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999 ; 23 (2) : 216-23.
PubMed
37) Derdeyn CP, et al. MR angiography of saccular aneurysms after treatment with Guglielmi dctachablc coils : preliminary cxperience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997 ; 18(2) : 279-86.
 
38) Kahara VJ, et al. MR angiography with three- dimensional time- of- flight and targeted maximum- intensity- praection reconstructions in the follow- up of intracranial aneurysms cmbolized with Guglielmi detachable coils. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999 ; 20 (8) : 1470-5.
PubMed
39) Soeda A, et al. Thromboembolic events associated with Guglielmi detachablc coil embolization with use of diffusion-weighted MR imaging Part II. Detection of the microemboli proximal to cerebral aneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2003 : 24 (10) : 2035-8.
PubMed
40) Hassan T, et al. Computational replicas : anatomic reconstructions of cerebral vessels as volume numerical grids at three-dimensional angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2004 ; 25 (8) : 1356-65.
PubMed

3章 周術期合併症の予防と治療

P.252 掲載の参考文献
1) Friedman JA, et al. Pulmonary complications of aneurysmal subalachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery 2003 : 52 : 1025-31.
PubMed
2) Johnston KC, et al. Medical and neurological complications of ischcmic stroke : experience from the RANWAS trial. RANTTAS Invcstigators Stroke 1998 : 29 : 447-53.
PubMed
3) Tuchman DN, et al. Comparison of airway responses following trachcal or csophageal acidiication in the cat. Gastroenterology 1984 : 87 : 872-81.
PubMed
4) Lewis JF, Jobe AH. Sulfactant and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993 : 147 : 218-33.
PubMed
5) Ware LB, Matthay MA. The acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000 ; 342 : 1334-49.
PubMed
6) 吉崎和幸. IL-6. 救急医 2002 : 26 : 1801-5.
 
7) Nijsten MW, et al. Serum levels of interlcukin-6 and acute phase responses. Lancet 1987 ; 17 : 921.
 
8) Bernard GR, et al. The American- European Consensus Confence on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994 : 149 : 818-24.
PubMed
9) Murray JF, et al. An expanded definition of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Rev Respir Dis 1988 : 138 : 720-3.
 
10) 村田厚夫. サイトカイン・インバランスからみたCARS. 救急・集中治療 2002 ; 14 ; 455-62.
 
11) The Acutc Rcspiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2000 : 342 : 1301-8.
PubMed
12) 小野寺睦雄ほか. ARDSに対する治療の実際. 救急医 2002 : 26 : 1547-52.
 
13) Meduri GU, et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome : a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998 : 280 : 159-65.
PubMed
14) Briegel J, et al. Immunomodulation in scptic shock : hydrocortisone diffelentially regulates cytokine responses. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001 ; 12 : 70-4.
 
15) 高橋英夫. NO吸入療法. 救急医 2004 ; 28 : 1223-8.
 
16) Petty TL. Protease mechanismsin the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1991 : 624 : 267-77.
 
17) DiCamillo SJ, et al. Elastase- released epidermal growth factor recruits epidermal growth factor receptor and extracellular signal-regulated kinases to down- regulate tropoelastin mRNA in lung fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2002 : 277 : 18938-46.
PubMed
18) Tamakuma S, et al. Relationship between neutrophil clastase and acute lung injury in humans. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2004 ; 17 : 271-9.
PubMed
19) 玉熊正悦ほか. 好中球エラスターゼ阻害薬 : ONO-5046・Naの全身性炎症反応症候群に伴う肺障害に対する有効性と安全性の検討-第III相二重盲検比較試験. 臨床薬 1998 : 14289-318
 
20) Zeiher BG, et al. Neutrophil elastase inhibition in acute lung injury : results of the STRIVE study. Crit Care Med 2004 : 32 : 1695-702.
PubMed
21) Broccard AF, et al. Conscqucnces of vascular flow on lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998 : 157 : 1935-42.
PubMed
22) Simmons RS, et al. Fluid balance and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987 : 135 : 924-9.
PubMed
23) Drakulovic MB, et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients : a randomised trial. Lancet 1999 : 354 : 1851-8.
PubMed
24) Gattinoni L, et al. Effect of prone positioning on the survival of patients with acute respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 2001 : 345 : 568-73.
PubMed
25) 尾崎孝平. 腹臥位換気. 救急医 2002 : 26 : 1573-6.
 
26) Hammon WE, et al. Cardiac arrhythmias during postural drainage and chest percussion of cntically ill patients. Chest 1992 : 102 : 1836-41.
PubMed
27) Kirilloff LH, et al. Does chest physical therapy wolk? Chest 1985 : 88 : 436-44.
 
28) 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン 1998-1999年度合同研究班報告 : 急性重症心不全治療ガイドライン. Jpn Circ J 2000 : 64 (Suppl IV) : 1129-65.
 
29) McKee PA, et al. The natural history of congestive heart failure : the Framingham study. N Engl J Med 1971 : 285 : 1441-6.
PubMed
30) Forrester JS, et al. Medical therapy of acute myocardial infarction by application of hemodynamic subscts (first of two parts). N Engl J Med 1976 ; 295 : 1356-62.
PubMed
31) Richard C, et al. Early use of the pulmonav artc, cathcter and outcomes in padcnts with shock and acute respiatory dstress syndromcl a randonuzed controlled trial. JAMA 2003 ; 290 : 2713-20.
 
32) Connors AF Jr, et al. The effectiveness of right heart cathctcrization in the initial care of critically ill patients. SUPPORT Invcstigators. JAMA 1996 ; 276 : 889-97.
PubMed
33) American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Pulmonary Artery Catheterization. Practice guidelines for pulmonary artery catheterization : an updated report by the American Socicty of Ancsthcsiologists Task Force on Pulmonary Artery Catheterization. Ancsthcsiology 2003 ; 99 : 988-1014.
PubMed
34) American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Pracice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure) Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Circulation 1995 ; 92 : 2764-84.
 
35) Braunwald E, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non- ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Forcc on Practice Guidelincs (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 ; 36 : 970-1062.
 
36) Seino Y, et al. Pathophysiological analysis of serum troponin T release kinetics in evolving ischemic myocardial injury. Jpn Circ J 1996 : 60 : 265-76.
PubMed
37) 清野精彦編著. 心筋傷害と心筋/血管マーカー. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2002. p. 9.
 
38) 栗栖智, 佐藤光. たこつぼ型心筋障害. 循環器医 2002 ; 10 : 159-64.
 
39) Ono Y, et al. Ampulla (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage worsening in the late phase of vasospasm- case report Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2004 ; 44 : 72-4.
PubMed
40) Uretsky BF, et al. Multicenter trial of oral enoximone in patients with moderate to moderately severe congestive heart failure. Lack of benefit compared with placebo. Enoximone Multicenter Trial Group. Circulation 1990 ; 82 : 774-80.
PubMed
41) Goldstein DS. The electrocardiogram in stroke : Relationship to pathophysilological type and compparison with prior tracing. Stroke 1979 ; 10 : 253-8.
 
42) 久保進ほか. 脳血管障害急性期の心電図異常. 日内会誌 1983 ; 72 : 1519-26.
 
43) Stober T, et al. Correlation of cardiac arrhythmia with brainstem compression in paients with intracerebral hemorrhage Stroke 1988 ; 19 : 688-92.
 
44) The American Heart Association in collaboration with the international Liaison Conmmittee on Resuscitation. Guidelines 2000 for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitaion and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2000 : 102 : 11-252.
 
45) Tokgozoglu SL, et al. Effects of stroke localization on cardiac autonomic balance and sudden death. Stroke 1999 ; 30 : 1308-11.
 
46) Vingerhoets F, et al. Atrial fibrillation after acute stroke. Stroke 1993 ; 24 : 26-30.
PubMed
P.263 掲載の参考文献
1) Haheim LL, et al. Risk factor of stroke incidence and mortality : A 12-year follow-up of the Oslo Study. Stroke 1993 : 24 : 1484-9.
PubMed
2) Omae T, Ueda K. Hypertension and cerebrovascular discase : The Japanese expericnce. J Hypertcns 1988 : 6 : 343-9.
 
3) Kaplan NM. Clinical Hypertension 6th ed Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins : 1994. p. 109-44.
 
4) Kameyama M, et al. Cerebrovascular disease in patients under chronic hcmodialysis. J Jpn Soc Dial Ther 1994 : 27 : 1363-71.
 
5) Krane NK. Intracranial pressure measurement in a patient undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1989 ; 13 : 336-9.
 
6) 前田憲志. わが国の慢性透析療法の現状 (1997年12月31日現在). 名古屋 : 日本透析医学会 ; 1998. p. 89-91.
 
7) Kawamura M, et al. Incidence, outcomc, and risk factor of cerebrovascular events in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1998 : 31 : 991-6.
PubMed
8) United States Renal Data System. USRDS 1994 annual data report. Am J Kidney Dis 1994 ; 24 (suppl 2) : 88-95.
 
9) Iseki K, et al. Clinical demographics and long-term prognosis after stroke in patients on chronic haemodialysis Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000 ; 15 : 1808-13.
PubMed
10) Kinjo K, et al. An epidcmiological analysis of cardiovascular discase in Okinawa Japan Hypertension Res 1992 ; 15 : 111-9.
 
11) Shiohira Y, et al. A community- based cvaluation of the effect of renal transplantation on survival in patients with renal-replacement therapy. Jpn J Nephrol 1996 : 38 : 449-54.
 
12) Iseki K, Fukiyama K. Predictors of stroke in patients receiving chronic hemodialysis. Kidney Int 1996 ; 50 : 1672-5.
PubMed
13) Strandgaard S, Paulson OB. Hypertension and human cerebrovascular discase. In : Swales JD, editor Textbook of Hypertension, chap 36 London : Blackwell ; 1994 p. 690-7.
 
14) Onoyama K, et al. Cerebral hemorrhage in patients on maintenance hemodialysis CT analysis of 25 cases. Eur Neurol 1987 : 26 : 171-5.
PubMed
15) Lindner A, et al. Accelerateed amerosclcrosis in prolonged maintenance hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 1974 : 290 : 697-701.
PubMed
16) Said G. Neurological aspects of dialysis patients. In : Jacobs C, editor Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis, chap 50 Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishcrs : 1996. p. 1243-59.
 
17) Lundin AP, Friedman EA. Vascular consequences of maintenance hemodialysis : An unproven case. Nephron 1978 : 21 : 177-80.
 
18) Iseki K, et al. Evidence for high risk of cerebral hemorrhage in chronic dialysis patients. Kidney Int 1993 : 44 : 1086-90.
PubMed
19) Zusman CJ, et al. Morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Kidney Int 1994 : 46 : 1728-37.
 
20) Avram MM, et al. Markcrs for survivals in dialysis : A seven- year prospective study. Am J Kidney Dis 1995 ; 26 : 209-19.
PubMed
21) Iseki K, et al. Serum albumin is a strong predictor of death in chronic dialysis patients. Kidnce Int 1993 : 44 : 115-9.
 
22) Ridker PM, et al. C- rcactive protein adds to the predictive valuc of total and HDL cholesterol in determining risk of first myocardial infarction. Circulation 1998 : 97 : 2007-11.
 
23) Iseki K, et al. Scrum C- rcactive protein (CRP) and risk of death in chronic dialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999 : 14 : 1956-60.
 
24) Kennedy AC, et al. Urea levels in cerebrospinal fluid after hemodialysis. Lancet 1962 ; 1 : 410-1.
PubMed
25) Leonard CD, et al. Subdural hcmatoma in patients undcrgoing hemodialysis. Lancet 1969 : 2 : 207-9.
 
26) Yoshida S, et al. Dialysis dyscquilibrium syndrome in neurosurgical patients. Neurosurgew 1987 : 20 : 716-21.
PubMed
27) 権藤学司ほか. 腎不全を合併した脳卒中患者の治療戦略脳卒中の外科 2000 ; 28 : 248-53.
 
28) 北村伸哉, 平澤博之. 腎不全を伴う脳神経外科疾患急性期に対する血液浄化法. 救急医 1993 ; 17 : 207-9.
 
29) 大平整爾, 今忠正. 外科手術の変遷. 「臨床透析」編集委員会編. 透析患者の手術 2003. 東京 : 日本メディカルセンター ; 2003. p. 737-44.
 
30) 安森亮吉ほか. 維持透析患者の脳出血に対しCT血腫吸引術を施行した2例. 日透析医学会誌 1994 : 27 : 123-8.
 
31) 佐々木寛ほか. 慢性透析患者の急性期脳動脈瘤手術 (3症例の検討). 脳卒中の外科 1991 ; 19 : 471-5.
 
32) 鷹橋浩ほか. 慢性透析患者に併発した破裂脳動脈瘤に対し, 急性期手術を施行した2症例. 日透析医学会誌 1989 : 22 : 331-5.
 
33) 皆川信ほか. 脳神経外科. 「臨床透析」編集委員会編 透析患者の手術 2003東京 : 日本メディカルセンター ; 2003 ; p. 17-24.
 
34) 浅野哲ほか. 術中大量出血を伴った慢性腎不全患者の周術期管理. 臨麻 2001 : 25 : 793-8.
 
35) Ncwell DW, et al. Angipplasty for the treatment of symptomatic vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 1989 ; 71 : 654-60.
 
36) Jan M, et al. Therapeutic trial pf intravenous nimodipine in patients with cstablished cerebral vasospasm from rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 1988 : 23 : 154-7.
 
37) 平野一宏ほか. 透析患者の脳神経外科的管理. 問題とその対策. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1991 : 31 : 899-904.
 
38) 名村尚武ほか. 透析療法を必要とした症例における, 周開頭術期患者管理. 脳卒中 1993 : 15 : 7-11.
 
39) Nakatani T, et al. Silent cerebralinfarction in hemodialysis patients. Am J Ncphrol 2003 ; 23 : 86-90.
 
40) Fukunishi I, et al. Depressive symptoms in hemodialysis patients with silent cerebral infarction. Psychosomatics 2003 : 44 : 352-3.
PubMed
41) 大久保正ほか. 血液透析下に手術を施行した下垂体腺腫の1例. 脳神外科 1978 : 6 : 173-7.
 
42) 渡部洋一ほか. 血液透析患者の聴神経腫瘍手術. 脳神外科 1986 : 14 : 465-9.
 
43) 平林由広ほか. 血液透析患者に対する開頭術の麻酔管理. 麻酔 1986 ; 35 : 957-61.
Medical*Online
44) 幸地英子ほか. 血液透析患者に対する開頭術の1症例. 臨麻 1990 : 14 : 889-90.
 
45) 稲葉晋ほか. 術中持続的血液透析濾過を行った血液透析患者の脳腫瘍摘出術の麻酔管理. 麻酔 2004 : 53 : 82-5.
 
46) 大和田隆. 中枢神経障害・長期透析療法の伴う慢性硬膜下血腫. 日本透析医会・合併症対策委員会編. 透析患者の合併症とその対策. 東京 : 日本透析医会 ; 1994. p. 47-53.
 
P.272 掲載の参考文献
1) Pollock AS, Aricff AI.Abnormalitics of cell volume regulation and their functional consequcnces. Am J Physiol 1980 : 239 : 195-205.
 
2) 小笠原邦明ほか. くも膜下出血後の低ナトリウム血症 : Cerebral salt wasting syndromcとSIADH. 脳神外科 1998 : 26 : 501-5.
 
3) Harrison MR. Cerebral salt syndrome : A review Neurosurgery 1996 : 38 : 152-60.
 
4) 斉藤寿一. 老年者の水電解質代謝異常. 日老医会誌 1994 : 31 : 353-9.
 
5) Lundbom N, et al. Ccntral pontine myelinolysis after corcetion of chronic hyponatracmia. Lancet 1993 ; 342 : 247-8.
PubMed
6) Tomida M, et al. Plasma concentrations of brain natriuretic pcptide in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 1998 : 29 : 1584-7.
PubMed
7) Arisaka O, et al. Hypercalcaemia in cerebellar medulloblastoma : Pathogenesis of solid tumour- associated hypercalcaemia. Eur J Pediatr 1987 ; 146 : 434-6.
PubMed
8) Rajaratnam S, et al. Hydrocortisone dose and postoperative diabetes insipidus in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery : A prospective randomized controlled study. Br J Neurosurg 2003 ; 17 : 437-42.
PubMed
9) 吉田尚. 尿崩症. 日臨 1980 ; 38 : 2925-8.
 
10) Bourque CW, Oliet SHR. Osmoreceptors in the central nervous system. Annu Rev Physiol 1997 : 59 : 601-19.
 
11) 佐藤昭夫. 間脳・下垂体と自律神経機能. 高倉公朋ほか編. 図説脳神経外科New Approach第5巻 間脳・下垂体 [機能・解剖・手術]. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 1997. p. 32-41.
 
12) Hollinshead WH. The interphase of diabetes insipidus. Mayo Clin Proc 1964 : 39 : 92.
PubMed
13) Hensen J, et al. Prevalence, predictors and patterns of postoperative polyuria and hyponatraemia in the immediate course after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999 : 50 : 431-9.
PubMed
14) 島津章. 電解質異常と管理. 橋本信夫編. 脳神経外科臨床指針. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 2002. p. 212-20.
 
15) 笠山宗正. 間脳下垂体の腫瘍性病変の内分泌学的検査. 生塩之敬, 山浦晶編. 間脳下垂体の腫瘍性病変. 東京 : 三輪書店 ; 1998. p. 6-18.
 
16) Fujisawa I, et al. Bright pituitary stalk on MR T1-weighted image : Damming up phenomenon of the neurosecretory granules. Endocr J 2002 ; 49 : 165-73.
PubMed
17) 有田和徳, 魚住徹. 視床下部下垂体内分泌とその障害. 高倉公朋ほか編. 最新脳神経外科. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1996. p. 292-303.
 
18) 木村時久, 吉永馨. 下垂体後葉. 上田英雄, 武内重五郎編. 内科学. 第四版. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1987. p. 1037-45.
 
19) Park BE, et al. Nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma. J Neurosurg 1976 : 44 : 409-17.
PubMed
20) 鈴木進. 血糖. 端和夫編. 脳神経外科マニュアル. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 2001. p. 414-26.
 
P.288 掲載の参考文献
1) Hamilton MG, et al. Venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery and neurology patients : A review. Neurosurgery 1994 ; 34 : 280-96.
PubMed
2) Joffe SN. Incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 1975 : 42 : 201-3.
PubMed
3) Vallarades JB, Hakinson J. Incidence of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in neurosurgical patients. Neurosurgery 1980 ; 6 : 138-41.
 
4) Agnelli G, et al. Enoxaparin plus compression stocking compared with compression stockings alone in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective neurosurgery. N Engl J Med 1998 ; 339 : 80-5.
PubMed
5) Flinn WR, et al. Prospective surveillance for perioperative venous thrombosis : Experience in 2643 patients. Arch Surg 1996 ; 131 : 472-80.
PubMed
6) 肺血栓症/深部静脈血栓症. 肺血栓症/深部静脈血栓症 (静脈血栓塞栓症) 予防ガイドライン ダイジェスト版. 東京 : メディカルフロントインターナショナルリミテッド ; 2004. p. 16-7.
 
7) Inci S, et al. Pulmonary embolism in neurosurgical patients. Surg Neurol 1995 : 43 : 123-9.
PubMed
8) Wells PS, et al. Value of asscssment of pretest probability of deep- vein thrombosis in clinical management. Lancet 1997 : 350 : 1795-8.
PubMed
9) Wells PS, et al. Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients' probability of pulmonary embolism : Increasing the model's utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer. Thromb Haemost 2000 ; 83 : 416-20.
 
10) Wicki J, et al. Assessing clinical probability of pulmonary embolism in the emergency ward : A simple score. Arch Intern Med 2001 ; 161 : 92-7.
PubMed
11) Fedullo PF, Tapson VF. The evaluation of suspected pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2003 ; 349 : 1247-56.
PubMed
12) Kline JA, et al. New diagnostic tests for pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med 2000 ; 35 : 168-80.
PubMed
13) American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy : Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting with suspected lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Ann Emerg Med 2003 ; 42 : 124-35.
PubMed
14) American College of Emergency Physicians. Clinical policy : Critical issues in the evaluation and management of adult patients presenting with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Emerg Med 2003 ; 11 : 257-70.
 
15) Kearon C, et al. The role of venous ultrasonography in the diagnosis of suspected deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med 1998 ; 129 : 1044-9.
PubMed
16) ACCP Consensus Committee on Pulmonary Embolism. Opinions regarding the diagnosis and management of venous thromboembolic disease. Chest 1998 ; 113 : 499-504.
PubMed
17) The PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism : Results of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990 ; 263 : 2153-9.
 
18) Evans AJ, et al. Detection of deep venous thrombosis : Prospective comparison of MRI imaging with contrast venography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1993 : 161 : 131-9.
PubMed
19) Stern JB, et al. Detection of pelvic vein thrombosis by magnetic resonance angiography in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and normal lower limb compression ultrasonography. Chest 2002 ; 122 : 115-21.
PubMed
20) Turpie ACG, et al. Prevention of deep vein thrombosis in potential neurosurgical patients : A randomized trial comparing graduated compression stocking alone or plus intermittent pneumatic compression with control. Arch Intern Med 1989 ; 149 : 619-81.
 
21) Bucci MN, et al. Mechanical prophylaxis of venous thrombosis in patients undergoing craniotomy : A randomized trial. Surg Neurol 1989 : 32 : 285-8.
PubMed
22) Nurmohamed MT. Thromboprophylaxis in neurosurgical patients. Semin Hematol 2000 ; 37 (Suppl 5) : 15-8.
 
23) Cerrato D, et al. Deep vein thrombosis and low-dose heparin prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 1978 : 49 : 378-81.
PubMed
24) Wen DY, Hall WA. Complications of subcutaneous low-dose heparin therapy in neurosurgical patients. Surg Neurol 1998 ; 50 : 521-5.
PubMed
25) Nurmohamed MT, et al. Low molecular heparin and compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism in neurosurgery. Thromb Haemost 1996 : 75 : 233-8.
PubMed
26) Kanter DS, et al. Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and associated risk factors. Chest 1997 : 111 : 1241-5.
PubMed
P.295 掲載の参考文献
1) Peters LJ. Radiation therapy tolerance limits. For one or all? -Janeway lecture. Cancer 1996 ; 77 : 2319-85.
 
2) Hong JH, et al. Induction of acute phase gene expression by brain iffadiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19951 33 : 619-26.
 
3) Leibel S, Sbeline GE. Radiation therapy for neoplasms of the brain. JNeurosurg 1987 ; 66 : 1-22.
 
4) Emami B, et al. Tolerance of normal tissues to therapeutic irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991 ; 21 : 109-22.
PubMed
5) Dickinson WP, et al. Differential effects of cranial radiation on growth hormone response to arginine and insulin infusion. J pediatr 1978 : 92 : 754-7.
PubMed
6) Storr HL, et al. Clinical and endocrine responses to pituitary radiotherapy in pediatric Cushing's disease : An effective second line treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 20031 88 : 34-7.
 
7) Duffner PK, et al. Long-term effects of cranial irradiation on endocrine function in children with brain tumor. A prospective study. Cancer 1985 ; 56 : 2189-93.
PubMed
8) Constine LS, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction after radiation for brain tumors. N Engl J Med 1993 ; 328 : 87-94.
PubMed
9) Arlt W, et al. Frequent and fiequently overlooked : Treatment induced endocrine dysfunction in adult long-term survivors of pHmay braln tumors Neurology 1997 ; 49 : 498-506.
 
10) Pai HH, et al. Hypothalamic/pituitafy function following high-dose conformal radiotherapy to the base of skull : Dcmonstration of a dose- effect relationship using dose- volume histogram analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001 : 49 : 1079-92.
 
11) Merchant TE, et al. Preirradiaion endocrinopathies in pediatric brain tumor patients determined by dynamic tests of endocrine function. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002 ; 54 : 45-50.
PubMed
12) Mulhern RK, et al. A prospective comparison of neuropsychologic performancc of children surviving lcukemia who received 18-Gy, 24-Gy, or no cranial irradiation. J Clin Oncol 1991 : 9 : 1348-56.
PubMed
13) Waber DP, et al. Cognitive sequclac of treatment in childhood acute lymphoblasic leukemia : Cranial radiation rcquires an accomplice. J Clin Oncol 1995 ; 13 : 2490-6.
 
14) 浅井昭雄ほか. 脳腫瘍放射線治療後の亜急性障害としての脳萎縮と痴呆. 癌の臨 1987 ; 33 : 753-61.
 
15) Omura M, et al. Large intracranial vessel occlusive vasculopathy after radiation therapy in children : Clinical features and usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997 ; 38 : 241-9.
PubMed
16) Marks MP, et al. Intracranial vascular malformations : Imaging of charged- particle radiosurgery. Part II Complicaions Radiology 1988 ; 168 : 457-62.
 
17) Bleyer WA. Neurologic scquclae of methotrexate and ionizing radiaion : A new classification. Cancer Treat Rep 1981 ; 65 : 89-98.
 
18) Jenkinson H, Hawkins M. Secondary brain tumours in children with ALL. Lancet 1999 ; 354 : 1126.
PubMed
19) Walter AW, et al. Secondary brain tumors in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia at St Jude Chidren's Research Hospital. J Clin Oncol 1998 ; 16 : 3761-7.
 
20) Mandell LR, et al. There is no role for hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the management of children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic brainstem tumors : Results of a Pediatic Oncology Group Phase III trial comparing conventional vs. hyperfractionated radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999 ; 43 : 959-64.
 
21) Shibamoto Y, et al. Intracranial germinoma : Radiation therapy with tumor volume- based dose selection Radiology 2001 ; 218 : 452-6.
PubMed
22) Shibamoto Y, et al. Is whole- brain irradiation necessary for primary ccntral nervous system lymphoma? Patterns of recurrence following partial- brain irradiation. Cancer 2003 ; 97 : 128-33.
 
23) 芝本雄太, 高山賢二. 強度変調放射線治療. 高倉公朋編. 脳腫瘍の最新医療. 東京 : 先端医療技術研究所 ; 2003. p. 210-4.
 
24) Athanassiou H, et al. Protecive effect of amifostine during fractionated radiothcrapy in patients with pelvic carcinomas. Results of a randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2003 ; 56 : 1154-60.
PubMed
25) Leong SS, et al. Randomized double- blind trial of combined modality treatment with or without amifosine in unresectable stage III non- small- ccll lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003 ; 21 : 1767-74.
PubMed
P.304 掲載の参考文献
1) Ogawa M. Differenuation and prolifcration of hcmatopoictic stem cells. Blood 1993 ; 81 : 2844-53.
 
2) 別所正美. 抗癌剤とG-CSF製剤を同時投与してはいけない! 治療 (増刊号) 2003 ; 86 : 796-8.
 
3) Ozer H, et al. 2000 update of recommendations for the use of hematopoietic colony- stimulating factors : Evidence-based, clinical practice guidelines. J Clin Oncol 2000 ; 18 : 3558-85.
PubMed
4) 日本癌治療学会臨床試験委員会. G-CSF適正使用ガイドライン. Int J Clin Oncol 2001 : 6 (Suppl) : 1-24.
 
5) 澤文博. 支持療法. 月本一郎編. 小児血液・腫瘍疾患治療プロトコール集. 大阪 : 医薬ジャーナル社 ; 2003. p. 327-36.
 
6) National Comprchensive Cancer Network. Cancer and treatment- related anemia, ver. 2. 2004. http://www.nccn.org/profcssionals/physician_gls/f_guidclines.asp?button=1+Agrcc#carc
 
7) 岩橋誠, 谷村弘. 悪心・嘔吐-5-HT3, 5-HT4に関連する薬 ; アザセトロン, グラニセトロンなど. 医薬ジャーナル 2000 ; 36 : 1407-13.
 
8) American Society of Hcalth- System Pharmacists. ASHP therapeutic guidelines on the pharmacologic management of nausea and vonuting in adult and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy or undergoing surgery. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1999 : 56 : 729-64.
 
9) Gralla RJ, et al. Recommendations for the use of antiemetics : Evidence- based clinical practice guidelines. J Clin Oncol 1999 ; 17 : 2971-94.
PubMed
10) Systemic Treatment Disease Site Gloup, Cancer Care Ontario. Use of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists in patients receiving moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Pracice guideline#12-3. 2003 Jan [onlinc update]. http://www.cancercare.on.ca/access_1108.htm よりdownload可能.
 
11) 谷脇雅史. 腎障害とその対策. 吉田清一監修. がん化学療法の副作用対策ハンドブック. 東京 : 先端医学社 ; 1993. p. 144-56.
 
12) Sleijfer DT, et al. Acute and cumulative effects of carboplatin on renal function. Br J Cancer 1989 ; 60 : 116-20.
PubMed
13) National Comprehensive Canccr Network. Central Nervous System Canccrs, ver. 1. 2003. http://.www.nccn.org/professionals/physician?gls/f_guidelines.asp?button=I+Agrcc#site
 
14) 早川誠, 真野和夫. 神経障害とその対策. 吉田清一監修. がん化学療法の副作用対策ハンドブック. 東京 : 先端医学社 ; 1993. p185-96.
 
15) Kennedy IC, et al. Carboplatin is ototoxic. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1990 : 26 ; 232-4.
PubMed
16) National Cancer institute, Physician Data Query (PDQ(R)). Depression. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/supportivecare/depression/HcalthProfcssional/page1
 
17) 柳川茂. 抗がん剤漏出性皮膚障害とその対策. 吉田清一監修. がん化学療法の副作用対策ハンドブック. 東京 : 先端医学社 ; 1993. p. 225-32.
 
18) 滝沢憲. 脱毛とその対策. 吉田清一監修. がん化学療法の副作用対策ハンドブック. 東京 : 先端医学社 ; 1993. p. 197-205.
 
19) 伊藤邦彦. 肺障害とその対策. 吉田清一監修. がん化学療法の副作用対策ハンドブック. 東京 : 先端医学社 ; 1993. p. 176-84.
 

4章 新生児・小児・高齢者の周術期管理

P.309 掲載の参考文献
1) Helfraer MA, et al. Developmental physiology of the respiratory system. In : Rogers MC, editor. Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins ; 1992. p. 104-33.
 
2) Martin LD, et al. Principlc of respiratory support and mechanical ventilation. In : Rogers MC, editor. Textbook of Pediatric Intensive Care. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins : 1992. p134-203.
 
3) Nelson NM. Neonatal pulmonay function. Pediatr Clin North Am 1966 : 13 : 769-99.
 
4) Harris MM, et al. Venous embolism during craniotomy in supine infant. Anesthesiology 1987 : 67 : 816-9.
PubMed
5) Koka BV, Soriano SG. Anesthesia for neonatal surgical emcrgencies. Semin Anesth 1992 : 9 : 309-16.
 
6) Cohen MM, et al. Pediatric anesthesia morbidity and mortality in the periopcrative period. Anesth Analg 1990 ; 70 : 160-7.
PubMed
7) Luthy DA, et al. Cesarcan section before the onsct of labor and subsequent motor function in infants with meningomyelocele diagnosed antenatally. N Engl J Med 1991 : 324 : 662-6.
 
8) Bell WO, et al. One- stage meningocele closure and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Surg Neurol 1987 : 27 : 233-6.
 
9) Chadduck WM, Reding DL. Experience with simultaneous ventliculo- peritoneal shunt placement and myclomeningocele closure. J Pediatr Surg 1988 ; 23 : 913-6.
 
10) Pang D. Surgical complications of open spinal dysraphism. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1995 ; 6 : 243-57.
PubMed
11) Nieto A, et al. Allergy to latex in spina bifida : A multivariate study of associated factors in 100 consecutive patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996 ; 98 : 501-7.
PubMed
12) Holzman RS. Clinical management of latex-allergic children. Anesth Analg 1997 ; 85 : 529-33.
PubMed
P.316 掲載の参考文献
1) Kety SS. Human cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption as related to aging. J Chronic Dis 1956 ; 3 : 478-86.
PubMed
2) Swedlow DB, Lewis LE. Measurement of cerebral blood flow in children. Anesthesiology 1980 ; 53 : 160.
 
3) Brody H. Organization of the cerebral cortex. III. A study of aging in the human cerebral cortex. J Comp Neurol 1955 : 102 : 511-56.
 
4) Morgan HAH. 稲田豊ほか監訳. MGH麻酔の手引. 第3版. [Davison JK, et al, editors. Clinical Anesthesia Procedures of the Massachusetts General Hospital.]東京 : メディカル・サイエンス・インターナショナル ; 1994. p. 433-54.
 
5) 片山正夫. 診断・治療手技 : 気管内挿管. 小児科診療 1995 ; 58 : 888-9.
 
6) 小松久男. 小児外科手術の麻酔. 小栗顕二編. 麻酔の研修ハンドブック. 京都 : 金芳堂 ; 1994. p400-11.
 
7) 帯刀光史, 高橋義男. 小児の診察・画像. 端和夫監修. 脳神経外科臨床マニュアル. 改訂3版. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 2001. p. 543-4.
 
8) Selman WR, et al. Barbituratc-induced coma for focal cerebral ischemia Effect after temporary and permanent MCA occlusion. J Neurosurg 1981 ; 55 : 220-6.
PubMed
9) Selman WR, et al. Barbiturate coma in focal cerebral ischcrma. Relationship of protection to timing of therapy. Neurosurg 1982 ; 56 : 685-90.
PubMed
10) Takeshita H, et al. Effects of anesthetics on cerebral circulation. In : Altura BM, et al, editors. Cardiovascular Actions of Anesthetics and Drugs Used in Anesthcsia. Vol 2 Basel : Karger ; 1986. p. 35-65.
 
11) Lou HC, et al. Impaired autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the distressed newborn infant. J Pcdiat 1979 ; 94 : 118-21.
PubMed
12) Rahilly PM. Effects of 2% carbon dioxide, 0.5% carbon dioxide, and 100% oxygen on cranial blood flow of human nconate. Pediatrics 1980 ; 66 : 685-9.
 
13) Meretoja OA, et al. Age- dependence of the dose- response curve of vecuronium in pediatric patients durning balanced anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1988 ; 67 : 21-6.
 
14) Meretoja OA, Laosto T Dose- response characteristics of pancuronium in neonates, infants, and children. Anaesth Intensive Care 1990 ; 18 : 455-9.
 
15) Lerman J, et al. Ancsthetic requirements for halothane in young childrcn 0-1 months and 1-6 months of age. Anesthesiology 1983 ; 59 : 421-4.
 
16) Kallos T, et al. Replacement of intraoperative blood loss. Anesthesiology 1974 ; 41 : 293-5.
PubMed
P.327 掲載の参考文献
1) 田中隆一. 高齢者. 佐野圭司編. 脳神経外科 術前・術中・術後管理. 東京 : へるす出版 ; 1984. p. 887-904.
 
2) 林四郎. 高齢者に対する手術前後の管理. 周手術期のケア-全人的治療を目指して. 東京 : 南山堂 ; 1990. p. 371-415.
 
3) 亀山茂樹, 田中隆一. NICUにおける老人手術後管理. 坪川孝志ほか編. 最新脳神経外科のICU. 東京 : 朝倉書店 ; 1993. p. 54-8.
 
4) 桑野博行, 浅尾高行. 手術術式からみた周術期管理のすべて. 2. 特殊病態下の周術期管理. 高齢者. 外科治療1999 : 80 : 1017-20.
 
5) 池田行穂, 松本清. 高齢者手術の術前術後管理. Clin Neurosci 2001 ; 19 : 983-6.
 
6) Powers JH, Hawn CVZ. Surgical mortality. In : Powers JH, editor. Surgery of the Aged and Debilitated Paticnt. Philadelphia/London/Toronto : WB Saunders : 1968. p580-96.
 
7) 貫井英明. 高齢者破裂脳動脈瘤の手術適応. 脳と循環 1999 : 4 : 235-9.
Medical*Online
8) 藤重正人. 高齢者の問題点. 端和夫ほか監修. 脳卒中臨床マニュアル. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 1998. p. 162-8.
 
9) Shock NW. The physiology of aging. In : Powers JH, editor. Surgery of the Aged and Debilitated Patient. Philadelphia/London/Toronto : WB Saunders : 1968. p. 10-43.
 
10) 天野恵市, 高倉公朋. 脳神経外科. 老と疾 1996 ; 9 : 1491-9.
 
11) 藤重正人. 高齢者管理の注意. 端和夫監修. 脳神経外科臨床マニュアル. 改訂新版. 東京 : シュプリンガー・フェアラーク東京 ; 1993. p. 147-54.
 
12) 池田幸穂ほか, 「老年脳神経外科」の現状と今後の動向. 昭和医会誌 1998 : 59 : 611-7.
 
13) 大島喜正. 外科を中心とした老年者の腎機能の研究. 日外会誌 1959 ; 60 : 1549-74.
 
14) 岩本俊彦, 木内章宏. 老年医学的にみた高齢者の脳血管障害. 日老医会誌 2003 : 40 : 476-9.
 
15) 松重俊憲ほか. 脳神経外科領域における静脈血栓塞栓症. 脳神外科 2003 : 31 : 885-9.
 
16) 山田和雄. 高齢者脳の特徴-外科的観点から. Clin Neurosci 2001 : 19 : 980-2.
 
17) 橋本卓雄. 高齢者の脳神経外科疾患の診療のポイント. 老と疾 1998 : 11 : 1510-2.
 
18) 入江恵子ほか. 80歳以上の超高齢者破裂脳動脈瘤に対するGDC塞栓術. 脳卒中の外科 2002 : 30 : 28-32.
Medical*Online
19) Touho H, et al. Hypermetabolism in the acute stage of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. J Neurosurg 1990 ; 72 : 710-4.
PubMed
20) 小笠原邦明, 小川彰. 破裂脳動脈瘤の手術. Clin Neurosd 2001 ; 19 : 993-5.
 
21) 丹羽潤ほか. 70歳以上の高齢者の未破裂動脈瘤の手術適応と問題点. 脳神外科 1999 ; 27 : 517-23.
 
22) 脳ドックガイドライン作成委員会. 無症候性未破裂脳動脈瘤. 脳ドックのガイドライン 2003. p. 57-69.
 
23) 斉藤勇. 無症候性脳動脈瘤. 脳神外科 1996 : 24 : 875-84.
 
24) Harbaugh KS, Harbaugh RE. Arteriovenous malformations in elderly patients. Neurosurgery 1994 : 35 : 579-84.
PubMed
25) 橋本宏之ほか. 出血で発症した高齢者脳動静脈奇形. 脳卒中の外科 1997 : 25 : 386-90.
Medical*Online
26) Steiner L, et al. Miclosurgery and radiosurgery in brain arteriovenous malformaions. J Neurosurg 1992 ; 77 : 1-8.
 
27) Lanzino G, et al. Long- term outcome after surgery excision of parenchymal arteriovenous malformations in patients over 60 years of age. Surg Neurol 1997 : 47 : 258-64.
PubMed
28) 種田二郎, 山口武典. 脳出血. Clin Neurosci 1996 : 14 : 553-5.
 
29) 平田温. 高齢者脳出血患者の治療 ; 手術の適応. 脳と循環 1999 ; 4 : 225-9.
 
30) Nakayama H, et al. Compensation in recovery of upper extremity function after stroke : The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Arch Phys Med Rchabil 1994 : 75 : 852-7.
PubMed
31) JET Study Group. Japanese EC-IC Bypass Trial (JET Study). 脳卒中の外科 2002 : 30 : 97-100.
 
32) 宮城知也ほか. 高齢者例の特徴. Clin Neurosd 2001 : 19 : 1017-23.
 
33) 日本神経外傷学会. 重症頭部外傷治療・管理のガイドライン. 小児と高齢者に対する治療・管理. 神経外傷 2000 ; 23 : 38-9.
 
34) 川口正一郎ほか. ガンマナイフ時代における高齢者転移性脳腫瘍の治療方針. Geriatric Neurosurg 1997 : 9 : 105-9.
 
35) Grau JJ, et al. Radiothcraphy of the brain in elderly patients. Eur J Cancer 2000 ; 36 : 443-52.
PubMed
36) 野村和弘, 渋井壮一郎. グリオーマ. Clin Neurosci 2001 ; 19 : 1042-4.
 
37) Pierga JY, et al. Treatment of malignant gliomas in the elderly. Neurooncol 1999 ; 43 : 187-93.
PubMed
38) Arienta C, et al. Treatment of intracranial meningiomas in patients over 70 years. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1990 ; 107 : 47-55.
PubMed
39) Fraioli B, et al. The surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas in the eighth decade. Surg Neurol 1999 ; 51 : 261-7.
PubMed

5章 急性期のリハビリテーション

P.340 掲載の参考文献
1) 辻哲也ほか. 悪性腫瘍 (がん) のリハビリテーション. 静岡がんセンターの取り組み. 総合リハ 2003 ; 31 : 843-9.
 
2) 石田健司. 大腿骨頸部骨折の術前リハ. J Clin Rchabil 2004 ; 13 : 119-23.
 
3) 丸野紀子. 高齢者の下肢切断術前リハ. J Clin Rchabil 2004 : 13 : 113-8.
 
4) 辻哲也. 周術期リハビリテーション. 近藤晴彦監修. 多職種チームのための周術期マニュアル 1 肺癌. 東京 : メヂカルフレンド社 ; 2004. p. 60-82.
 
5) 辻哲也. 周術期リハビリテーションと口腔ケア. 近藤晴彦監修. 多職種チームのための周術期マニュアル 3 胸部食道癌. 東京 : メヂカルフレンド社 ; 2004. p. 48-99.
 
6) 梶原敏夫. 廃用症候群. 医のあゆみ 1992 ; 163 : 397-400.
Medical*Online
7) 千野直一編. 現代リハビリテーション医学. 第2版. 東京 : 金原出版 ; 2004. p. 510-6.
 
8) Muller EA. Training muscle strength. Ergonomics 1959 ; 2 : 216-22.
 
9) 林泰史. 廃用性骨萎縮の発生機序. 上田敏ほか編. リハビリテーション基礎医学. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1994. p. 222-9.
 
10) 石田暉. 拘縮治療の理論. 標準リハビリテーション医学. 東京 : 医学書院 ; 1986. p. 69-71.
 
11) 高橋博達ほか. ベッドサイドから始まるoff-tubeへのチャレンジ. J Clin Rehabil 2003 ; 12 : 765-72.
Medical*Online
12) 小宮山ひろみ. 口腔ケア. 嚥下障害ポケットマニュアル. 第2版. 東京 : 医歯薬出版 ; 2003. p. 145-52.
 
13) 藤島一郎ほか. 嚥下障害のスクリーニングテスト. J Clin Rehabil 2002 : 11 : 790-6.
Medical*Online
14) 藤島一郎. 脳卒中の摂食・嚥下障害. 東京 : 医歯薬出版 ; 1998. p. 55-83.
 
15) 小口和代ほか. 機能的嚥下障害スクリーニングテスト「反復唾液嚥下テスト」(the Repctitive Saliva Swallowing Test : RSST) の検討 (1) 正常値の検討. リハ医 2000 ; 37 : 375-82.
 
16) 才藤栄一. 統括研究報告. 平成13年度厚生省厚生科学研究費補助金 長寿科学総合研究 平成13年度研究報告 (長寿科学研究費中央事務局). 2002. p. 1-17.
 
17) 高橋浩二. 頸部聴診法. 金子芳洋ほか監修. 摂食・嚥下リハビリテーション. 東京 : 医歯薬出版 ; 1998. p. 171-5.
 
18) Keller ME, et al. Evaluation of a disease management plan for plevention and diagnosis of thromboembolic disease in major trauma patients. Curr Surg 2000 : 57 : 456-9.
PubMed

書評

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...