続・末梢神経ブロックの疑問～実践編～Q&A70

出版社： 中外医学社
著者：
発行日： 2018-10-10
分野： 臨床医学：外科  >  麻酔科学/ペイン
ISBN： 9784498055407
電子書籍版： 2018-11-10 （初版1刷）
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Q&A形式で末梢神経ブロックの基本を解説した『末梢神経ブロックの疑問Q&A70』に続く実践編．いまや麻酔科における必須手技となった末梢神経ブロックについて，よく遭遇する症例につきそれぞれ複数の末梢神経ブロックの方法を示し，具体的な解説を加えた．現場の制約の中で最善の鎮痛を提供するに際し，大いに参考にして頂ければ幸いである．

目次

  • Chapter  I　体幹編
    　症例1　胸腔鏡補助下右肺葉切除術（片側胸部手術）
    　　Q1　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋肋間外側アプローチ傍脊椎ブロック」
    　　Q2　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋肋間内側アプローチ傍脊椎ブロック」
    　　Q3　Pattern3「全身麻酔＋脊柱起立筋ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q4　傍脊椎ブロックのアプローチ方法について教えてください．
    　　Q5　脊柱起立筋ブロックについて教えてください．
    　　Q6　脊柱起立筋ブロックの適応症例について教えてください．
    　症例2　胃全摘出術（上腹部開腹手術）
    　　Q7　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋持続傍脊椎ブロック」
    　　Q8　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋腹直筋鞘ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q9　持続傍脊椎ブロックの投与方法について教えてください．
    　症例3　開腹子宮全摘出術（下腹部開腹手術）
    　　Q10　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋腰方形筋ブロック（intramuscular）」
    　　Q11　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋腰方形筋ブロック（posterior）」
    　　Q12　Pattern3「全身麻酔＋持続浸潤麻酔」
    　　Q13　Pattern4「全身麻酔＋肋骨弓下斜角腹横筋膜面ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q14　腰方形筋ブロックのアプローチ方法について教えてください．
    　　Q15　腰方形筋ブロックの鎮痛範囲について教えてください．
    　　Q16　Lateral腰方形筋ブロックについて教えてください．
    　　Q17　Posterior腰方形筋ブロックについて教えてください．
    　　Q18　Anterior腰方形筋ブロックについて教えてください．
    　　Q19　Intramuscular腰方形筋ブロックについて教えてください．
    　　Q20　持続浸潤麻酔について教えてください（特に使用器具や投与方法について）．
    　　Q21　肋骨弓下斜角腹横筋膜面ブロックのコツを教えてください．
    　症例4　腹腔鏡下卵巣摘出術（下腹部腹腔鏡下手術）
    　　Q22　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋腹直筋鞘ブロック」
    　　Q23　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋腰方形筋ブロック（lateral）」
    　症例5　乳腺手術（片側前胸部手術）
    　　Q24　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋傍脊椎ブロック」
    　　Q25　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋胸筋神経（PECS）ブロック」
    　　Q26　Pattern3「全身麻酔＋retrolaminarブロック」
    　　Q27　Pattern4「全身麻酔＋脊柱起立筋（ESP）ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q28　乳線手術に有効なブロックについて教えてください．
    　症例6　心臓手術（前胸部手術）
    　　Q29　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋持続胸横筋膜面ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q30　胸横筋膜面ブロックについて教えてください．
    　症例7　MICS（肋間小開胸による低侵襲心臓手術）（片側前胸部手術）
    　　Q31　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋傍脊椎ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q32　MICSは硬膜外麻酔？　傍脊椎ブロック？

    Chapter  II　上肢編
    　症例8　橈骨遠位端骨折
    　　Q33　Pattern1「腕神経叢ブロック（鎖骨上～斜角筋，全身麻酔なし）」
    　　Q34　Pattern2「腕神経叢ブロック（鎖骨下）」
    　　Q35　Pattern3「腕神経叢ブロック（腋窩）」
    　　Q36　Pattern4「全身麻酔＋選択的神経ブロック」
    　症例9　鎖骨骨折
    　　Q37　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋腕神経叢ブロック（鎖骨上～斜角筋間）」
    　　Q38　Pattern2「鎮静＋選択的末梢神経ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q39　上肢手術で使用する腕神経叢ブロックで横隔神経麻痺を予防する方法を教えてください．
    　症例10　肩関節腱板修復術
    　　Q40　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋持続腕神経叢ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q41　持続カテーテル挿入のコツについて教えてください．

    Chapter  III　下肢編
    　症例11　人工膝関節置換術
    　　Q42　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋持続大腿神経ブロック＋膝窩部アプローチ坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　Q43　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋内転筋間（大腿三角）ブロック＋
    　　　　　　　　　　膝窩部アプローチ坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　Q44　Pattern3「全身麻酔＋持続大腿神経ブロック＋前方アプローチ坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　Q45　Pattern4「全身麻酔＋iPACK＋内転筋管ブロック」〈酒井規広〉
    　　● 解説
    　　Q46　iPACKについて教えてください．〈酒井規広〉
    　　Q47　内転筋管ブロックと大腿三角ブロックの違いについて教えてください．〈森本康裕〉
    　症例12　人工股関節置換術
    　　Q48　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋腰神経叢ブロック＋傍仙骨アプローチ坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　Q49　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋腰神経叢ブロック（shamrock）＋
    　　　　　　　　　　臀下部アプローチ坐骨神経ブロック」
    　症例13　大腿骨頸部骨折
    　　Q50　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋腸骨筋膜下ブロック」
    　　Q51　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋大腿神経ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q52　腸骨筋膜下ブロックについて教えてください．
    　症例14　足関節骨折
    　　Q53　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋選択的脛骨神経ブロック」
    　症例15　踵骨骨折
    　　Q54　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋アンクルブロック」
    　症例16　大腿切断
    　　Q55　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋末梢神経ブロック」
    　　Q56　Pattern2「末梢神経ブロックのみ」
    　症例17　下腿切断
    　　Q57　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋持続膝窩部坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　Q58　Pattern2「内転筋管ブロック単回注入＋持続膝窩部坐骨神経ブロック」
    　　　　　　　　
    Chapter  IV　その他
    　症例18　小児鼠径ヘルニア
    　　Q59　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋仙骨麻酔」
    　　Q60　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋腸骨鼠径神経ブロック」
    　　Q61　Pattern3「全身麻酔＋腰方形筋ブロック」
    　症例19　新生児の動脈管開存症
    　　Q62　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋傍脊椎ブロック」
    　症例20　帝王切開
    　　Q63　Pattern1「脊髄くも膜下麻酔＋腰方形筋ブロック」
    　　Q64　Pattern2「脊髄くも膜下麻酔＋硬膜外麻酔（超音波機器を用いて）」
    　症例21　腰部脊椎手術
    　　Q65　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋TLIPブロック」
    　　Q66　Pattern2「全身麻酔＋後方腰方形筋ブロック」
    　　● 解説
    　　Q67　TLIPブロックについて教えてください．
    　症例22　内頸動脈内膜剥離術
    　　Q68　Pattern1「全身麻酔＋浅頸神経叢ブロック」
    　症例23　合併症
    　　Q69　Pattern1「局所麻酔薬中毒が発生した」場合の対処法を教えてください．
    　　Q70　Pattern1「術後下肢神経障害を起こしてしまった」場合の対処法について
    　　　　　　　　　　教えてください．

    　コラム1　QLBは前枝を遮断できる？
    　コラム2　QLBのプローブはどのプローブを使用する？
    　コラム3　脊柱起立筋ブロックと後方腰方形筋ブロックは同じである

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

Chapter I 体幹編

P.3 掲載の参考文献
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P.7 掲載の参考文献
1) Taketa Y, Fujitani T. Approach affects injectate spread in ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block : a cadaveric trial. Br J Anaesth. 2017 ; 119 : 339-40.
 
2) Abdallah FW, Brull R. Off side! A simple modification to the parasagittal in-plane approach for paravertebral block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 ; 39 : 240-2.
 
3) Hara K, Sakura S, Nomura T, et al. Ultrasound guided thoracic paravertebral block in breast surgery. Anaesthesia. 2009 ; 64 : 223-5.
PubMed
4) Luyet C, Herrmann G, Ross S, et al. Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral puncture and placement of catheters in human cadavers : where do catheters go? Br J Anaesth. 2011 ; 106 : 246-54.
 
5) Marhofer P, Kettner SC, Hajbok L, et al. Lateral ultrasound-guided paravertebral blockade : an anatomical-based description of a new technique. Br J Anaesth. 2010 ; 105 : 526-32.
PubMed
P.13 掲載の参考文献
1) Krediet AC, Moayeri N, van Geffen GJ, et al. Different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block : An illustrated review. Anesthesiology. 2015 ; 123 : 459-74.
 
P.15 掲載の参考文献
1) Forero M, Adhikary SD, Lopez H, et al. The erector spinae plane block : A novel analgesic technique in thoracic neuropathic pain. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 621-7.
 
2) Chin KJ, Malhas L, Perlas A. The erector spinae plane block provides visceral abdominal analgesia in bariatric surgery : A report of 3 cases. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 372-6.
PubMed
3) Ueshima H, Hiroshi O. Spread of local anesthetic solution in the erector spinae plane block. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 45 : 23.
 
P.20 掲載の参考文献
1) Krediet AC, Moayeri N, van Geffen GJ, et al. Different approaches to ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block : an illustrated review. Anesthesiology. 2015 ; 123 : 459-74.
 
2) Taketa Y, Irisawa Y, Fujitani T. Comparison of analgesic efficacy between two approaches of paravertebral block for thoracotomy : A randomized trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018 ; 62 : 1274-9.
PubMed
3) Taketa Y, Fujitani T. Approach affects injectate spread in ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block : a cadaveric trial. Br J Anaesth. 2017 ; 119 : 339-40.
 
4) Ho AM, Karmakar MK, Ng SK, et al. Local anaesthetic toxicity after bilateral thoracic paravertebral block in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2016 ; 44 : 615-9.
PubMed
P.24 掲載の参考文献
1) 佐倉伸一, 青山由紀. 体幹の神経ブロック : 硬膜外鎮痛法の質を求めて. 日本臨床麻酔学会誌. 2014 ; 34 : 761-8.
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P.29 掲載の参考文献
1) Marhofer D, Marhofer P, Kettner SC, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the spread of local anesthetic solution after ultrasound-guided lateral thoracic paravertebral blockade : a volunteer study. Anesthesiology. 2013 ; 118 : 1106-12.
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2) Yoshida T, Fujiwara T, Furutani K, et al. Effects of ropivacaine concentration on the spread of sensory block produced by continuous thoracic paravertebral block : a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind study. Anaesthesia. 2014 ; 69 : 231-9.
 
3) Karmakar MK, Greengrass RA, Latmore M, et al. Thoracic & lumbar paravertebral block. 2nd ed. Hadzic A, editor. New York : McGraw Hill ; 2017.
 
4) Cox B, Durieux ME, Marcus MA. Toxicity of local anaesthetics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2003 ; 17 : 111-36.
PubMed
5) Karmakar MK, Ho AM, Law BK, et al. Arterial and venous pharmacokinetics of ropivacaine with and without epinephrine after thoracic paravertebral block. Anesthesiology. 2005 ; 103 : 704-11.
PubMed
6) Bigler D, Dirkes W, Hansen R, et al. Effects of thoracic paravertebral block with bupivacaine versus combined thoracic epidural block with bupivacaine and morphine on pain and pulmonary function after cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1989 ; 33 : 561-4.
PubMed
P.32 掲載の参考文献
1) Murouchi T, Iwasaki S, Yamakage M. Quadratus lumborum block : Analgesic effects and chronological ropivacaine concentrations after laparoscopic surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 146-50.
PubMed
2) Blanco R, Ansari T, Riad W, et al. Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain after cesarean delivery : A randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 757-62.
PubMed
3) Ueshima H, Otake H. Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakness after quadratus lumborum block. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 44 : 104.
 
4) Gerbershagen HJ, Aduckathil S, van Wijck AJ, et al. Pain intensity on the first day after surgery : a prospective cohort study comparing 179 surgical procedures. Anesthesiology. 2013 ; 118 : 934-44.
PubMed
P.35 掲載の参考文献
1) Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section : a randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 ; 32 : 812-8.
PubMed
P.38 掲載の参考文献
1) Hotta K, Inoue S, Taira K,et al. Comparison of the analgesic effect between continuous wound infiltration and single-injection transversus abdominis plane block after gynecologic laparotomy. J Anesth. 2016 ; 30 : 31-8.
PubMed
P.42 掲載の参考文献
1) Stoving K, Rothe C, Rosenstock CV, et al. Cutaneous sensory block area, musclerelaxing effect, and block duration of the transversus abdominis plane block : a randomized, blinded, and placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 ; 40 : 355-62.
 
2) Lee TH, Barrington MJ, Tran TM, et al. Comparison of extent of sensory block following posterior and subcostal approaches to ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2010 ; 38 : 452-60.
PubMed
3) Hebbard PD, Barrington MJ, Vasey C. Ultrasound-guided continuous oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane blockade : description of anatomy and clinical technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 ; 35 : 436-41.
PubMed
4) Rozen WM, Tran TM, Ashton MW, et al. Refining the course of the thoracolumbar nerves : a new understanding of the innervation of the anterior abdominal wall. Clin Anat. 2008 ; 21 : 325-33.
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5) Jamieson RW, Swigart LL, Anson BJ. Points of parietal perforation of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in relation to optimal sites for local anaesthesia. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1952 ; 26 : 22-6.
PubMed
6) Chen Y, Shi K, Xia Y, et al. Sensory assessment and regression rate of bilateral oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane block in volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 ; 43 : 174-9.
 
P.44 掲載の参考文献
1) Kadam VR. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block as a postoperative analgesic technique for laparotomy. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2013 ; 29 : 550-2.
 
2) Ueshima H, Otake H, Lin JA. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block : An updated review of anatomy and techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017 ; 2017 : 2752876.
 
* Tamura T, Kitamura K, Yokota S, et al. Spread of quadratus lumborum block to the paravertebral space via intramuscular injection : A volunteer study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 ; 43 : 372-7.
 
P.45 掲載の参考文献
1) Ueshima H, Otake H, Lin JA. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block : An updated review of anatomy and techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017 ; 2017 : 2752876.
 
2) Ueshima H, Otake H. Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakness after quadratus lumborum block. J Clin Anesth. 2018. 44 ; 104.
 
P.49 掲載の参考文献
1) Blanco R. TAP block under ultrasound guidance : the description of a ' non pops technique'. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 ; 32 (suppl 1) : 130.
 
2) Ueshima H, Otake H, Lin JA. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block : an updated review of anatomy and techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017 ; 2017 : 2752876.
 
3) Murouchi T, Iwasaki S, Yamakage M. Quadratus lum-borum block : analgesic effects and chronological ropivacaine concentrations after laparoscopic surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 146-50.
 
4) Mieszkowski MM, Mayzner-Zawadzka E, Tuyakov B, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the quadratus lumborum block type 1 using ropivacaine in postoperative analgesia after a cesarean section-a controlled clinical study. Ginekolgia Polska. 2018 ; 89 : 89-96.
 
P.51 掲載の参考文献
1) Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section : a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 ; 32 : 812-8.
PubMed
2) Ueshima H, Hiroshi O. Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakenss after quadratus lumborum block. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 44 : 104.
 
P.53 掲載の参考文献
1) Borglum J, Jensen K, Moriggl B, et al. Ultrasound-guided transmuscular quadratus lumborum blockage. BJA Out Blue e-Letter. 2013.
 
P.56 掲載の参考文献
1) Blanco R. TAP block under ultrasound guidance : the description of a "no pops" technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 ; 32 : 130.
 
2) Murouchi T. Quadratus lumborum block intramuscular approach for pediatric surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2016 ; 54 : 135-6.
PubMed
3) Watanabe K, Mitsuda S, Tokumine J, et al. Quadratus lumborum block for femoralfemoral bypass graft placement : A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 ; 95 : e4437.
PubMed
4) Choquet O, Capdevila X. Quadratus lumborum 1 and transversalis fascia blocks : different names for the same posterior pararenal space block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 547-8.
PubMed
5) Ueshima H, Otake H. Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakness after quadratus lumborum block. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 44 : 104.
 
P.59 掲載の参考文献
1) Liu SS, Richman JM, Thirlby RC, et al. Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia : a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Surg. 2006 ; 203 : 914-32.
PubMed
2) Rackelboom T, Le Strat S, Silvera S, et al. Improving continuous wound infusion effectiveness for postoperative analgesia after cesarean delivery : a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2010 ; 116 : 893-900.
 
P.62 掲載の参考文献
1) Hebbard PD, Barrington MJ, Vasey C. Ultrasound-guided continuous oblique subcostal transversus abdominis plane blockade : description of anatomy and clinical technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 ; 35 : 436-41.
PubMed
2) Jamieson RW, Swigart LL, Anson BJ. Points of parietal perforation of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves in relation to optimal sites for local anaesthesia. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1952 ; 26 : 22-6.
PubMed
3) Yoshida T, Nakamoto T. Practical tips for placement of transversus abdominis plane catheter using oblique subcostal approach. Asian J Anesthesiol. 2017 ; 55 : 50-1.
PubMed
4) Yoshida T, Furutani K, Watanabe Y, et al. Analgesic efficacy of bilateral continuous transversus abdominis plane blocks using an oblique subcostal approach in patients undergoing laparotomy for gynaecological cancer : a prospective, randomized, tripleblind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 117 : 812-20.
 
5) Dr Peter Hebbard. ≪https://peterhebbard.com/index.html≫ (2018年5月20日閲覧)
 
P.65 掲載の参考文献
1) 佐倉伸一, 編. 周術期超音波ガイド下神経ブロック. 改訂第2版. 東京 : 真興交易医書出版部 ; 2011. p.497-508.
 
2) 藤井智子. Q58 腹直筋鞘ブロックについて教えてください. In : 大嶽浩司, 監修. 上嶋浩順, 編著. 末梢神経ブロックの疑問Q&A70. 東京 : 中外医学社 ; 2017. p.185-9.
 
P.68 掲載の参考文献
1) Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section : a rondomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 ; 32 : 812-8.
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2) Ishio J, Komasawa N, Kido H, et al. Evaluation of ultrasound-guided posterior quadratus lumborum block for postoperative analgesia after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2017 ; 41 : 1-4.
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3) Murouchi T, Iwasaki S, Ymakage M. Quadratus lumborum block : analgesic effects and chronological ropivacaine concentrateons after laparoscopic surgery. Reg Anesthe Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 146-50.
 
4) 田中典子, 上嶋浩順, 大嶽浩司. QL blockの現状. 臨床麻酔 2017 ; 41 : 863-9.
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5) Ueshima. H, Otake H, Lin J. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block : an updated review of anatomy and techniques. Biomed Res Int. 2017 ; 2017 : 2752876.
 
P.71 掲載の参考文献
1) Shibata Y, Nishiwaki K. Ultrasound-guided intercostal approach to thoracic paravertebral block. Anesth Analg. 2009 ; 109 : 996-7.
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2) Gartner R, Jensen MB, Nielsen J, et al. Prevalence of and factors associated with persistent pain following breast cancer surgery. JAMA 2009 ; 302 : 1985-92.
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3) Richardson J, Jones J, Atkinson R. The effect of thoracic paravertebral blockade on intercostal somatosensory evoked potentials. Anesth Analg. 1998 ; 87 : 373-6.
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4) Kairaluoma PM, Bachmann MS, Rosenberg PH, et al. Preincisional paravertebral block reduces the prevalence of chronic pain after breast surgery. Anesth Analg. 2006 ; 103 : 703-8.
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5) Alfaro-de la Torre P, Fajardo-Perez M. Thoracic paravertebral block and its effects on chronic pain and health-related quality of life after modified radical mastectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 ; 40 : 177-8.
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P.78 掲載の参考文献
1) Juttner T, Werdehausen R, Hermanns H, et al. The paravertebral lamina technique : a new regional anesthesia approach for breast surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2011 ; 23 : 443-50.
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2) Murouchi T, Yamakage M. Retrolaminar block : analgesic efficacy and safety evaluation. J Anesth. 2016 ; 30 : 1003-7.
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3) Karmakar MK, Samy W, Li JW, et al. Thoracic paravertebral block and its effects on chronic pain and health-related quality of life after modified radical mastectomy. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2014 ; 39 : 289-98.
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4) Andreae MH, Andreae DA. Regional anaesthesia to prevent chronic pain after surgery : a Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2013 ; 111 : 711-20.
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5) Klein SM, Nielsen KC, Buckenmaier CC, et al. 2-octyl cyanoacrylate glue for the fixation of continuous peripheral nerve catheters. Anesthesiology. 2003 ; 98 : 590-1.
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P.82 掲載の参考文献
1) Kulhari S, Bharti N, Bala I, et al. Efficacy of pectoral nerve block versus thoracic paravertebral block for postoperative analgesia after radical mastectomy : a randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 117 : 382-6.
PubMed
2) Kamiya Y, Hasegawa M, Yoshida T, et al. Impact of pectoral nerve block on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery : A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 ; 35 : 215-23.
PubMed
3) Ueshima H, Otake H. Addition of transversus thoracic muscle plane block to pectoral nerves block provides more effective perioperative pain relief than pectoral nerves block alone for breast cancer surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2017 ; 118 : 439-43.
 
P.85 掲載の参考文献
1) Milgrom LB, Brooks JA, Qi R, et al. Pain levels experienced with activities after cardiac surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2004 ; 13 : 116-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15043239.
 
2) Ueshima H, Takeda Y, Ishikawa S, et al. Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block : A cadaveric study of the spread of injectate. J Clin Anesth. 2015 ; 27 : 696.
 
3) Fujii S, Vissa D, Ganapathy S, et al. Transversus thoracic muscle plane block on a cadaver with history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 535-7.
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P.86 掲載の参考文献
1) Kamiya Y, Hasegawa M, Yoshida T, et al. Impact of pectoral nerve block on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery : A randomised controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018 ; 35 : 215-23.
PubMed
2) Ueshima H, Otake H. Addition of transversus thoracic muscle plane block to pectoral nerves block provides more effective perioperative pain relief than pectoral nerves block alone for breast cancer surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2017 ; 118 : 439-43.
 
3) Ueshima H, Otake H. Ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block : Complication in 299 consecutive cases. J Clin Anesth. 2017 ; 41 : 60.
 
P.90 掲載の参考文献
1) Okitsu K, Iritakenishi T, Iwasaki M, et al. Risk of hematoma in patients with a bleeding risk undergoing cardiovascular surgery with a paravertebral catheter. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2017 ; 31 : 453-7.
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2) 日本ペインクリニック学会, 日本麻酔科学会, 日本区域麻酔学会. 抗血栓療法中の区域麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン. 2016. p.122-4.
 
P.93 掲載の参考文献
1) Harle and Ganapathy. Paravertebral Analgesia for Cardiac Surgery. Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 2008 ; 12 : 57-63.
 
2) Amat-Santos IJ, Dumont E, Villeneuve J, et al. Effect of thoracic epidural analgesia on clinical outcomes following transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart. 2012 ; 98 : 1583-90.
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3) Dhole S, Mehta Y, Saxena H, et al. Comparison of continuous thoracic epidural and paravertebral blocks for postoperative analgesia after minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2001 ; 15 : 288-92.
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4) 日本ペインクリニック学会, 日本麻酔科学会, 日本区域麻酔学会. 抗血栓療法中の区域麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン. 2016. p.122-4.
 

Chapter II 上肢編

P.97 掲載の参考文献
1) 佐倉伸一. 周術期超音波ガイド下神経ブロック. 改訂2版. 東京 : 真興交易医書出版部 ; 2014. p.227-45.
 
2) 大越有一, 寺嶋克幸. あっという間にうまくなる神経ブロック上達術. 東京 : 真興交易医書出版部 ; 2014. p.49-63.
 
P.100 掲載の参考文献
1) Watanabe T, Moriya K, Yoda T, et al. Risk factors for rescue analgesic use on the first postoperative day after upper limb surgery performed under single-injection brachial plexus block : a retrospective study of 930 cases. JA Clin Rep. 2017 ; 3 : 39.
 
2) Mariano ER, Sandhu NS, Loland VJ, et al. A randomized comparison of infraclavicular and supraclavicular continuous peripheral nerve blocks for postoperative analgesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2011 ; 36 : 26-31.
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3) Richman JM, Liu SS, Courpas G, et al. Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2006 ; 102 : 248-57.
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P.104 掲載の参考文献
1) 里中東彦, 塚本正, 原隆久, 他. 上肢手術における超音波ガイド下鎖骨上窩腕神経叢ブロックによる横隔神経麻痺の検討. 日本手外科会雑誌. 2017 ; 34 : 340-3.
 
2) 服部恭典. 橈骨遠位端骨折骨接合術の腋窩腕神経叢ブロックを超音波ガイド下に施行した症例の検討. 中部整災誌. 2017 ; 60 : 153-4.
 
3) 和田穰, 佐倉伸一. 超音波ガイド下神経ブロック (1) 上肢の神経ブロックの実際 (腕神経叢ブロック). 日臨麻会誌. 2013 ; 33 : 493-500.
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4) 中西康顕, 田中康仁. うまくいく! 超音波でさがす末梢神経. 東京 : メジカルビュー ; 2015. p.60-123.
 
P.110 掲載の参考文献
1) 岩本幸英, 久保俊一, 金谷文則, 他. 日本整形外科学会・日本手外科学学会 (監). 橈骨遠位端骨折診療ガイドライン 第1版 2012. 東京 : 南江堂 ; 2012. p.75-8.
 
2) 丸毛啓史, 矢島弘嗣, 金谷文則, 他. 日本整形外科学会・日本手外科学学会 (監). 橈骨遠位端骨折診療ガイドライン 改訂第2版 2017. 東京 : 南江堂 ; 2017. p.77-80.
 
3) 建部将広. 掌側ロッキングプレートの合併症とその対策. 整形外科サージカルテクニック. 2014 ; 4 : 62-6.
 
4) 橋本瞬, 山崎宏, 内山茂晴, 他. 橈骨遠位端骨折への掌側ロッキングプレート後に生じる屈筋腱滑走音の周波数解析. 日手会誌. 2016 ; 32 : 531-4.
 
5) Lalonde DH. Dosage of local anesthesia in wide awake hand surgery. J Hand Sure. 2013 ; 38-A : 2025-8.
 
6) Nakanishi Y, Omokawa S, Kobata Y, et al. Ultrasound-guided selective sensory nerve block for wide-awake forearm tendon reconstruction. Plast Recontr Surg Glob Open. 2015 ; 3 : e392.
 
7) 仲西康顕. 末梢神経の探し方・上肢. In : 田中康仁, 監. うまくいく! 超音波でさがす末梢神経-100%効く四肢伝達麻酔のために-. 東京 : メジカルビュー社 ; 2015. p.60-123.
 
8) 臼井要介, 鈴木重哉, 酒井宏明, 他. 超音波ガイド下神経ブロックの進歩-Wide Awake Hand Surgeryの麻酔-. 日臨麻会誌. 2018 ; 38 : 123-8.
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P.113 掲載の参考文献
1) Tran DQ, Tiyaprasertkul W, Gonzalez AP. Analgesia for clavicular fracture and surgery : a call for evidence. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2013 ; 38 : 539-43.
 
2) Moore KL, Dalley AF. 佐藤達夫, 坂井建雄, 監訳. 臨床のための解剖学. 第5版. 東京 : メディカルサイエンスインターナショナル, 2008. p.731-4.
 
3) 森本康裕. 腕神経叢斜角筋間アプローチ. In : 小松徹, 他編. 新・超音波ガイド下区域麻酔法. 東京 : 克誠堂出版, 2012. p.52-7.
 
4) Miller RD. Miller's Anesthesia. 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier/Saunders ; 2005. p.1688.
 
P.116 掲載の参考文献
1) Salvadores de Arzuaga CI, Naya Sieiro JM, Salmeron Zafra O, et al. Selective lowvolume nerve block for the open surgical fixation of a midshaft clavicle fracture in a conscious high-risk patient : A case report. A A Case Rep. 2017 ; 8 : 304-6.
 
P.119 掲載の参考文献
1) Renes SH, Spoormans HH, Gielen MJ, et al. Hemidiaphragmatic paresis can be avoided in ultrasound-guided suprascapular brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 ; 34 : 595-9.
 
2) Kessler J, Schafhalter-Zoppoth I, Gray AT, et al. An ultrasound study of the phrenic nerve in the posterior cervical triangle : implications for the interscalene brachial plexus block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008 ; 33 : 545-50.
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3) Stundner O, Meissnitzer M, Brummett CM, et al. Comparison of tissue distribution, phrenic nerve involvement, and epidural spread in standard-vs low-volume ultrasound-guided interscalene plexus block using constant magnetic response imaging : a randomized, controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 116 : 405-12.
 
4) Thackeray EM, Awenson JD, Gertsch MC, et al. Diaphragm function after interscalene brachial plexus block : a double-blind, randomized comparison of 0.25% and 0.125% bupivacaine. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013 ; 22 : 381-6.
 
5) Wong AK, Keeney LG, Cheng L, et al. Effect of local anesthetic concentration (0.2% vs 0.1% bupivacaine) on pulmonary function, and analgesia after ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block : a randomized controlled study. Pain Med. 2016 ; 17 : 2397-403.
 
6) Palhais N, Brull R, Kern C, et al. Extrafascial injection for interscalene brachial plexus block reduces respiratory complications compared with a conventional intrafascial injection : a randomized controlled, double-blind trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 116 : 531-7.
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7) Renes SH, van Geffen GJ, Rettig HC, et al. Minimum effective volume of local anesthetic for shoulder analgesia by ultrasound-guided block at root C7 with assessment of pulmonary function. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 ; 35 : 529-34.
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P.123 掲載の参考文献
1) Vorobeichik L, Brull R, Bowry R, et al. Should continuous rather than single-injection interscalene block be routinely offered for major shoulder surgery? A meta-analysis of the analgesic and side-effects profiles. Br J Anaesth. 2018 ; 120 : 679-92.
PubMed
2) Salviz EA, Xu D, Frulla A, et al. Continuous interscalene block in patients having outpatient rotator cuff repair surgery : a prospective randomized trial. Anesth Analg. 2013 ; 117 : 1485-92.
PubMed
3) Urmey WF, Talts KH, Sharrock NE. One hundred percent incidence of hemidiaphragmatic paresis associated with interscalene brachial plexus anesthesia as diagnosed by ultrasonography. Anesth Analg. 1991 ; 72 : 498-503.
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4) Stundner O, Meissnitzer M, Brummett CM, et al. Comparison of tissue distribution, phrenic nerve involvement, and epidural spread in standard- vs low-volume ultrasoundguided interscalene plexus block using contrast magnetic resonance imaging : a randomized, controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016 ; 116 : 405-12.
PubMed
5) Yanovski B, Gaitini L, Volodarski D, et al. Catastrophic complication of an interscalene catheter for continuous peripheral nerve block analgesia. Anaesthesia. 2012 ; 67 : 1166-9.
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6) Riazi S, Carmichael N, Awad I, et al. Effect of local anaesthetic volume (20 vs 5 ml) on the efficacy and respiratory consequences of ultrasound-guided interscalene brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 2008 ; 101 : 549-56.
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P.126 掲載の参考文献
1) Ilfeld BM, Fredrickson MJ, Mariano ER. Ultrasound-guided perineural catheter insertion : three approaches but few illuminating data. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2010 ; 35 : 123-6.
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2) Marhofer D, Marhofer P, Triffterer L, et al. Dislocation rates of perineural catheters : a volunteer study. Br J Anaesth. 2013 ; 111 : 800-6.
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3) Antonakakis JG, Sites BD, Shiffrin J. Ultrasound-guided posterior approach for the placement of a continuous interscalene catheter. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 ; 34 : 64-8.
PubMed

Chapter III 下肢編

P.129 掲載の参考文献
1) Sakai N, Inoue T, Kunugiza Y, et al. Continuous femoral versus epidural block for attainment of 120° knee flexion after knee arthroplasty : a randomized controlled trial. J Arthroplasty. 2013 ; 28 : 807-14.
 
2) Ilfeld BM, Duke KB, Donohue MC, et al. The association between lower extremity continuous peripheral nerve blocks and patient falls after knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2010 ; 111 ; 1552-4.
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P.132 掲載の参考文献
1) Koh IJ, Choi YJ, Kim MS, et al. Femoral nerve block versus adductor canal block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Relat Res. 2017 ; 29 : 87-95.
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2) Burckett-St Laurant D, Peng P, Giron Arango L, et al. The nerves of the adductor canal and the innervations of the knee : An anatomic study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 321-7.
PubMed
3) Lundblad M, Kapral S, Marhofer P, et al. Ultrasound-guided infrapatellar nerve block in human volunteers : description of a novel technique. Br J Anaesth. 2006 ; 97 ; 710-4.
PubMed
4) Wong WY, Bjorn S, Strid JM, et al. Defining the location of the adductor canal using ultrasound. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 241-5.
PubMed
5) Wang CJ, Long FY, Yang LQ, et al. Efficacy of perineural dexamethasone with ropivacaine in adductor canal block for post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty : A randomized controlled trial. Exp Ther Med. 2017 ; 14 : 3942-46.
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P.136 掲載の参考文献
1) 肺血栓塞栓症/深部静脈血栓症 (静脈血栓塞栓症) の予防. 肺血栓塞栓症および深部静脈血栓症の診断, 治療, 予防に関するガイドライン (2017年改訂版). 2017. p.68-77.
 
2) Bendtsen TF, Moriggl B, Chan V, et al. The optimal analgesic block for total knee arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 711-9.
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3) Ilfeld BM, Duke KB, Donohue MC. The association between lower extremity continuous peripheral nerve blocks and patient falls after knee and hip arthroplasty. Anesth Analg. 2010 ; 120 : 551-63.
 
P.143 掲載の参考文献
1) Elliott CE, Thobhani S. The adductor canal catheter and interspace between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee for total knee arthroplasty. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 2014 : 18 : 126-9.
 
2) Thobhani S, Scalercio L, Elliott CE, et al. Novel regional techniques for total knee arthroplasty promote reduced hospital length of stay : an analysis of 106 patients. Ochsner J. 2017 : 17 ; 233-8.
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3) Reddy AVG, Jangale A, Reddy RC, et al. To compare effect of combined block of adductor canal block (ACB) with IPACK (Interspace between the Popliteal Artery and the Capsule of the posterior Knee) and adductor canal block (ACB) alone on Total knee replacement in immediate postoperative rehabilitation. Inter J Orth Sci. 2017 ; 3 : 141-5.
 
4) Tsukada S, Wakui M, Hoshino A. Postoperative epidural analgesia compared with intraoperative periarticular injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia : a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg. 2014 : 96 ; 1433-8.
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P.147 掲載の参考文献
1) Burckett-St Laurant D, Peng P, Giron Arango L, et al. The nerves of the adductor canal and the innervation of the knee : an anatomic study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 321-7.
PubMed
2) Bendtsen TF, Moriggl B, Chan V, et al. The optimal analgesic block for total knee arthtoprasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 711.
PubMed
3) Wong WY, Bjorn S, Strid JM, et al. Defining the location of the adductor canal using ultrasound. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 241-5.
PubMed
4) Gautier PE, Lecoq JP, Vendepitte C, at al. Impairment of sciatic nerve function during adductor canal block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015 ; 40 : 85-9.
 
5) Runge C, Moriggl B, Borglum J, et al. The spread of ultrasound-guided injectate from the adductor canal to the genicular branch of the posterior obturatoe nerve and the popliteal plexus. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 725-30.
 
P.150 掲載の参考文献
1) 佐倉伸一, 編. 腰神経叢ブロック. 周術期超音波ガイド下神経ブロック 第2版. 東京 : 真興交易医書出版部 ; 2014. p.440-55.
 
P.154 掲載の参考文献
1) Sauter AR. The "Shamrock Method" -a new and promising technique for ultrasound guided lumbar plexus blocks. Br J Anaesth. 2013 ; 111, Issue eLetters Supplement : https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/el_9814
 
2) 日本ペインクリニック学会・日本麻酔科学会・日本区域麻酔学会合同. 抗血栓療法中の区域麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン作成ワーキンググループ. 抗血栓療法中の区域麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン. 2016. p.18-24.
 
P.158 掲載の参考文献
1) Parker MJ, Handoll HH, Griffiths R. Anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 : CD000521
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2) Sorenson RM, Pace NL. Anesthetic techniques during surgical repair of femoral neck fractures. a meta-analysis. Anesthesiology. 1992 ; 77 : 1095-104.
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3) 日本ペインクリニック学会, 日本麻酔科学会, 日本区域麻酔科学会 合同, 抗血栓療法中の区域 麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン作成ワーキンググループ編. 抗血栓療法中の区域麻酔・神経ブロックガイドライン. 東京 : 真興交易医書出版部 ; 2016. p.26-30.
 
4) Amin NH, West JA, Farmer T, et al. Nerve block in the geriatric patient with hip fracture : a review of the current literature and relevant neuroanatomy. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2017 ; 8 : 268-75.
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P.161 掲載の参考文献
1) Reavley P, Montgomery AA, Smith JE, et al. Randomised trial of the fascia iliaca block versus the '3-in-1' block for femoral neck fractures in the emergency department. Emerg Med J. 2015 ; 32 : 685-9.
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2) Deniz S, Atim A, Kurklu M, et al. Comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of an ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block versus 3 in 1 block in hip prosthesis surgery. Agri. 2014 ; 26 : 151-7.
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P.164 掲載の参考文献
1) Hebbard P, Ivanusic J, Sha S. Ultrasound-guided supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block : a cadaveric evaluation of a novel approach. Anaesthesia. 2011 ; 66 : 300-5.
 
2) Desmet M, Vermeylen K, Van Herreweghe I, et al. A longitudinal supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block reduces morphine consumption after total hip arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 327-33.
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3) Kosiyatrakul A, Nuansalee N, Luenam S, et al. The anatomical variation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in relation to the anterior superior iliac spine and the iliac crest. Musculoskelet Surg. 2010 ; 94 : 17-20.
 
P.172 掲載の参考文献
1) Redborg KE, Antonakakis JG, Beach ML, et al. Ultrasound improves the success rate of a tibial nerve block at the ankle. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 ; 34 : 256-60.
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2) Redborg KE, Sites BD, Chinn CD, et al. Ultrasound improves the success rate of a sural nerve block at the ankle. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2009 ; 34 : 24-8.
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P.182 掲載の参考文献
1) Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, et al. Incidence, natural history and cardiovascular events in symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol. 1996 ; 25 : 1172-81.
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2) Khan SA, Qianyi RL, Liu C, et al. Effect of anaesthetic technique on mortality following major lower extremity amputation : a propensity score-matched observational study. Anaesthesia. 2013 ; 68 : 612-20.
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3) Neal JM. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and patient safety : Update of an evidence-based analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 195-204.
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4) Borghi B, D'Addabbo M, White PF, et al. The use of prolonged peripheral neural blockade after lower extremity amputation : the effect on symptoms associated with phantom limb syndrome. Anesth Analg. 2010 ; 111 : 1308-15.
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5) Nielsen TD, Moriggl B, Barckman J, et al. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve description of the sensory territory and a novel ultrasound-guided nerve block technique. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 ; 43 : 357-66.
 
P.187 掲載の参考文献
1) Stern JR, Wong CK, Yerorinkina M, et al. A meta-analysis of long-term mortality and associated risk factors following lower extremity amputation. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017 ; 42 : 322-7.
 
2) Chery J, Semaan E, Dorji S, et al. Impact of regional versus general anesthesia on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing major lower extremity amputation. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014 ; 28 : 1149-56.
 
3) Prisansky JB, Bfrovman E, Kuo C, et al. Perioperative outcomes after regional versus general anesthesia for above the knee amputations. Ann Vasc Surg. 2018 ; 48 : 53-66.
 
P.191 掲載の参考文献
1) Laur J, Bayman O, Foldes J, et al. Triple-blind randomized clinical trial of time until sensory change using 1.5% mepivacaine with epinephrine, 0.5% bupivacaine, or an equal mixture of both for infraclavicular block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012 ; 37 : 28-33.
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2) Wong Y, Bjon S, Christin M, et al. Defining the location of the adductor canal using ultrasound. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 241-5.
 
3) Runge C, Moriggl B, Borglum J, et al. The spread of ultrasound-guided injectate from the adductor canal to the genicular branch of the posterior obturator nerve and the popliteal plexus a cadaveric study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 725-30.
 
4) Elazab E. Morphological study and relations of the fascia vasto-adductoria. Surg Radiol Anat. 2017 ; 39 : 1085-95.
PubMed

Chapter IV その他

P.195 掲載の参考文献
1) Johr M, Berger TM. Caudal blocks. Pediatr Anesth. 2012 ; 12 : 44-50.
 
2) Dadure C, Sola C, Dalens B, et al. Regional anesthesia in children. In : Miller RD, et al. editors. Miller's Anesthesia. 8th ed. Philadelphia : Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, 2015. p.2707-56.
 
3) Shanthanna H, Singh B, Guyatt G. A systematic review and meta-analysis of caudal block as compared to noncaudal regional techniques for inguinal surgeries in children. Biomed Res Int. 2014 ; 2014 : 890626.
 
4) Suresh S, Ecoffey C, Bosenberg A, et al. The European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy/American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Recommendation on Local Anesthetics and Adjuvants Dosage in Pediatric Regional Anesthesia. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 ; 43 : 211-6.
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P.198 掲載の参考文献
1) Markham SJ, Tomlinson J, Hain WR. Ilioinguinal nerve block in children. A comparison with caudal block for intra and postoperative analgesia. Anaesthesia. 1986 ; 41 : 1098-103.
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2) Abdellatif AA. Ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal/illiohypogastric nerve blocks versus caudal block for postoperative analgesia in children undergoing unilateral groin surgery. Saudi J Anaesth. 2012 ; 6 : 367-72.
PubMed
3) Willschke H, Marhofer P, Bosenberg A, et al. Ultrasonography for ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks in children. Br J Anaesth. 2005 ; 95 : 226-30.
PubMed
4) Willschke H, Bosenberg A, Marhofer P, et al. Ultrasonographic-guided ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in pediatric anesthesia : what is the optimal volume? Anesth Analg. 2006 ; 102 : 1680-4.
PubMed
P.201 掲載の参考文献
1) Fredrickson MJ, Paine C, Hamill J. Improved analgesia with the ilioinguinal block compared to the transversus abdominis plane block after pediatric inguinal surgery : a prospective randomized trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2010 ; 20 : 1022-7.
 
2) Stav A, Reytman L, Stav MY, et al. Transversus abdominis plane versus ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve blocks for analgesia following open inguinal herniorrhaphy. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2016 ; 7 (3) : e0021.
PubMed
3) Kamal K, Jain P, Bansal T, et al. A comparative study to evaluate ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block versus ilioinguinal iliohypogastric nerve block for post-operative analgesia in adult patients undergoing inguinal hernia repair. I Indian J Anaesth. 2018 ; 62 : 292-7.
PubMed
4) Oksuz G, Bilal B, Gurkan Y, et al. Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block in children undergoing low abdominal surgery : a randomized controlled trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017 ; 42 : 674-9.
PubMed
5) Murouchi T, Iwasaki S, Yamakage M. Quadratus lumborum block : analgesic effects and chronological ropivacaine concentrations after laparoscopic surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 146-50.
PubMed
P.204 掲載の参考文献
1) Shibata Y, Nishiwaki K. Ultrasound-guided intercostal approach to thoracic paravertebral block. Anesth Analg. 2009 ; 109 : 996-7.
PubMed
2) Di Pede A, Morini F, Lombardi MH, et al. Comparison of regional vs systemic analgesia for post thoracotomy care in infants. Pediatric Anesth. 2014 ; 24 : 569-73.
 
P.207 掲載の参考文献
1) Abdallah FW, Halpern SH, Margarido CB. Transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after Caesarean delivery performed under spinal anaesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2012 ; 109 : 679-87.
PubMed
2) Blanco R, Ansari T, Girgis E. Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain after caesarean section. Eur J Anaesth. 2015 ; 32 : 812-8.
 
3) Blanco R, Ansari T, Riad W, et al. Quadratus lumborum block versus transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative pain after Cesarean delivery. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016 ; 41 : 757-62.
PubMed
4) Krohg A, Ullensvang K, Rosseland LA, et al. The Analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block after Cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg. 2017 ; 126 : 1.
 
5) Ueshima H, Otake H. Incidence of lower-extremity muscle weakness after quadratus lumborum block. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 44 : 104.
 
P.210 掲載の参考文献
1) Carvalho JC. Ultrasound-facilitated epidurals and spinals in obstetrics. Anesthesiol Clin. 2008 ; 26 : 145-58.
PubMed
2) Kim JT, Bahk JH, Sung J. Influence of age and sex on the position of the conus medullaris and Tuffier's line in adults. Anesthesiology. 2003 ; 99 : 1359-63.
 
3) Hirabayashi Y, Shimizu R, Saitoh K, et al. Anatomical configuration of the spinal column in the supine position. II. Comparison of pregnant and non-pregnant women. Br J Anaesth. 1996 ; 77 : 352-5.
 
P.213 掲載の参考文献
* Yamauchi M, Sato Y. Complex issues in new ultrasound-guided nerve blocks : how to name, where to inject, and how to publish. J Anesth. 2018 ; 32 : 283-7.
PubMed
P.217 掲載の参考文献
1) Hand WR, Taylor JM, Harvey NR, et al. Thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block : a pilot study in volunteers. Can J Anaesth. 2015 ; 62 : 1196-200.
 
2) Ueshima H, Ozawa T, Toyone T, et al. Efficacy of the thoracolumbar interfascial plane block for lumbar laminoplasty : A retrospective study. Asian Spine J. 2017 ; 11 : 722-5.
PubMed
3) Ohgoshi Y, Izawa H, Kori S, et al. Multifidus cervicis plane block is effective for cervical spine surgery. Can J Anaesth. 2017 ; 64 : 329-30.
PubMed
4) Li C, Jia J, Qin Z, et al. The use of ultrasound-guided modified thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block for multi-level lumbar spinal surgery. J Clin Anesth. 2018 ; 46 : 49-51.
PubMed
P.223 掲載の参考文献
1) The Association of Anaaesthtists of Great Britain & Ireland. AAGBI Safety Guideline : Manegement of severe Local Anaesthetic Toxicity. 2010.
 
2) American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Checklist for Treatment of Local Anesthetic Toxicity. 2018.
PubMed
3) 西川精宣, 小田裕, 土井克史, 他. 日本麻酔科学会. 局所麻酔薬へのガイドラインワーキンググループ. 局所麻酔薬中毒への対応プラクティカルガイド. 日本麻酔科学会. 2017. (http://www.anesth.or.jp/guide/pdf/practical_localanesthesia.pdf)
 
P.227 掲載の参考文献
1) Barrington MJ, Snyder GL. Neurologic complications of regional anesthesia. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2011 ; 24 : 554-60.
PubMed
2) Upton AR, McComas AJ. The double crush in nerve entrapment syndrome. Lancet. 1973 ; 18 : 259-62.
 
3) 金谷文則. 末梢神経損傷の治療. リハビリテーション医学. 2014 ; 51 : 52-60.
 
4) Sondekoppam RV, Tsui BC. Factors associated with risk of neurologic complications after peripheral nerve blocks : Anesth Analg. 2017 ; 124 : 645-60.
PubMed

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