救急外来　オススメ処方・ダメ処方

出版社： 中外医学社
著者：
発行日： 2023-05-20
分野： 臨床医学：一般  >  救命/救急
ISBN： 9784498166523
電子書籍版： 2023-05-20 （1版1刷）
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各診療科スペシャリストたちによる，現場ですぐに使えるオススメ処方・ダメ処方．“各診療科のあたりまえを全科のあたりまえに”をテーマに，役に立つTips ＆ Pitfallsについて薬剤の処方を中心に簡潔にまとめました．救急・循環器・呼吸器・消化器・感染症・小児科・産婦人科など，20テーマに及ぶ内容を網羅しており，フレッシュな先生にも，ベテランの先生にも有用な，まさにすべての臨床医にご一読いただきたい渾身の一冊です！

目次

  • CHAPTER 1　救急
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　ブドウ糖を投与する患者ではビタミンB1の投与も忘れずに！
    　●2　PSVT患者，血行動態が安定しているのならば，まずは修正バルサルバ！
    　●3　痙攣患者に盲目的にジアゼパムではなく，まずはバイタルサインの確認を！
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　アナフィラキシーに対してまずは抗ヒスタミン薬，ステロイドはダメ！
    　●2　めまい患者に対するルーチンの頭部CTはダメ！
    　●3　軽症頭部外傷患者に対するルーチンの頭部CTはダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 2　救急（中毒）
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　対症療法の効果が乏しい局所麻酔薬中毒に脂肪乳剤を投与する
    　●2　メタノール中毒にホメピゾールを用いる
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　急性アルコール中毒患者に排泄目的に点滴を行うのはダメ！
    　●2　薬物中毒患者さんにいつも吐根シロップを飲ませるのはダメ！
    　●3　気道確保なしに胃洗浄を行うのはダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 3　緩和救急系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　癌性疼痛に対してオピオイド導入はためらわない！
    　●2　呼吸困難　モルヒネを少量から使ってみる
    　●3　癌性腹水　腹水穿刺を施行する
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　DNAR患者をすぐ看取り方針にするのはダメ！
    　●2　終末期の患者に大量の輸液をするのはダメ！

    CHAPTER 4　プライマリ・ケア救急
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　海の生物に刺された時の痛みに対し「45℃温水に20分つける」を処方する
    　●2　高齢入院患者に高齢者総合機能評価を処方する　
    　●3　自分自身の薬理作用を意識し，医師である自分を処方する
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　浮腫の患者に，「薬剤性浮腫を否定」せずに利尿薬を処方するのはダメ！
    　●2　高齢男性の風邪患者にPL配合顆粒の処方は要注意！
    　●3　DOACおよびワーファリン内服中の患者への抗菌薬処方は要注意！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 5　循環器系
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　低心機能の頻脈性心房細動にベラパミル静注は危ない
    　●2　頻脈性心房細動にとりあえずピルジカイニドはダメ！
    　　　　　腎機能障害患者へのピルジカイニドには注意
    　●3　水分過剰がない心不全に盲目的にフロセミドはダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 6　呼吸器系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　循環器系適応のあるCOPD患者へのβ遮断薬
    　●2　吸入薬を処方する場合はスペーサーの案内ができるように
    　●3　肺真菌症の治療にはジェネリックがオススメ
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　テオフィリン内服患者への安易なアミノフィリン点滴はダメ！
    　●2　アスピリン喘息（NSAIDs過敏喘息：N-ERD）に対するビソルボン®吸入液の処方はダメ！
    　●3　音楽関係の仕事に従事する患者へのフラベリック®はダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 7　感染症系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　発熱性好中球減少症患者に対して，早急に血液培養を採取し，
    　　　　抗緑膿菌活性のある抗菌薬を投与する　
    　●2　急性膀胱炎に対してルーチンのキノロン系の処方ではなく，
    　　　　　ST合剤もしくはβラクタム系を処方する
    　●3　A群溶連菌による壊死性軟部組織感染症を疑う場合は，
    　　　　早急にデブリードマン，クリンダマイシンを併用する
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　カバーする微生物の想定なしにカルバペネム系抗菌薬を使用するのはダメ！
    　●2　オーグメンチン配合錠のみを処方するのはダメ！
    　●3　経口第3世代セフェム系抗菌薬を処方するのはダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 8　産婦人科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　妊婦の細菌尿にペニシリン系またはセフェム系抗菌薬を処方する
    　●2　妊婦と産後女性に新型コロナウイルス／インフルエンザの予防接種を推奨する
    　●3　妊娠後期の女性に百日咳の予防接種を提案する
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　妊婦の風邪症状にレボフロキサシン（クラビット®）を処方するのはダメ！
    　●2　妊婦の腰痛に湿布（非ステロイド性消炎鎮痛剤）を処方するのはダメ！
    　●3　妊婦の足の浮腫にフロセミド（ラシックス®）を処方するのはダメ！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 9　小児科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　小児の疼痛管理の王様　アセトアミノフェン
    　●2　小児でも結構使える！　イブプロフェン
    　●3　疼痛管理の大御所，モルヒネ
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　ピボキシル基含有の抗菌薬は低血糖を引き起こ
    　●2　短絡的な制吐薬処方よりも大事な「ホームケアの指導」
    　●3　整腸剤を正しく処方しよう！

    CHAPTER 10　整形外科系〈藤井達也〉
    　●1　NSAIDs処方時は既往歴の確認と潰瘍予防のためのPPI処方を
    　●2　アセトアミノフェンの量はリスクを考慮し高用量で
    　●3　骨折，捻挫では痛み止めの前に固定を！
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　痛みのある患者に救急外来で弱オピオイドやプレガバリン，
    　　　　ミロガバリンを出すのはダメ！
    　●2　骨折患者が入院したのに頓用鎮痛薬のみではダメ！

    CHAPTER 11　脳神経系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　片頭痛にトリプタンの正しい内服タイミングの「説明」処方がオススメ！
    　●2　ドパミンアゴニストの置換はドパミンアゴニストで行うのがオススメ！
    　●3　脳梗塞やTIAが否定しきれない場合に，アスピリンを処方しておくこと！
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　Parkinson病治療薬をいきなり中止するのはNG！
    　●2　認知症が疑われる人に不用意に抗コリン作用のある薬を使用するのはNG！
    　●3　認知症に対して漫然と抗認知症薬を継続するのはNG！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 12　精神科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　アルコール使用障害が疑われる入院患者に，ベンゾジアゼピン受容体作動薬を処方する
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　せん妄の原因検索を行わずに鎮静を目的とした処方はダメ処方である　
    　●2　救急外来で抗うつ薬を処方するのはダメ！
    　●3　救急外来で不眠にベンゾジアゼピン受容体作動薬を処方するときは注意！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 13　皮膚科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　外用薬は混合しない
    　●2　妊婦の痒みに対しては非鎮静性の抗ヒスタミン薬投与を
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　とりあえずステロイド抗菌薬配合薬処方はダメ！
    　●2　漫然と皮膚科のDo処方を継続するのはダメ！
    　●3　白癬が「怪しい」例での抗真菌薬はダメ！
    　●4　分子標的薬使用患者に生じた皮疹に対して安易に薬剤中止にしない

    CHAPTER 14　腎臓系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　腎機能障害患者であっても抗菌薬初回投与はfull dose！
    　●2　薬剤を処方する時にはeGFRではなく，個別eGFRもしくはCCrを計算しよう！
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　透析患者への無条件での生理食塩水の点滴をやめる！
    　●2　入院予定の患者に目的のない低張液の維持輸液を行うことを止めよう！
    　●3　高齢者への解熱鎮痛薬にNSAIDsの処方はやめる！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 15　膠原病系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　朝内服していなかったステロイド内服補充
    　●2　免疫抑制薬内服中の帯状疱疹にアシクロビル点滴相談
    　●3　痛風・偽痛風患者へのNSAIDs（アセトアミノフェンじゃなくNSAIDs）＋アイシング
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　メトトレキサートのDo処方はやめよう
    　●2　いきなりロイコボリン®レスキュー！　には注意！その前に主治医（専門医）に相談を！
    　●3　アザルフィジンはサルファ系なので注意！
    　●4　UTIだからバクタ！　もちょっと待って

    CHAPTER 16　消化器系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　腹部画像診断で異常がない腹痛ではカーネット徴候をみる！
    　●2　腹痛に蕁麻疹や呼吸困難を伴ったらアニサキス・アナフィラキシーを疑い
    　　　　魚介類の喫食聴取とアドレナリン！
    　●3　憩室炎患者は発症1.5カ月をめどに大腸内視鏡検査を勧める！
    　●4　救急室での機能性ディスペプシア診断にご用心！
    　　　　若い女性の食後に悪化する腹痛はCACSを疑いドプラエコー！
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　肝障害に盲目的なウルソの処方はダメ！鑑別診断こそが肝（キモ）だ！
    　●2　急性膵炎患者にルーチンで蛋白分解酵素阻害薬や抗菌薬を投与する
    　●3　静脈瘤性上部消化管出血ではPPIのみを投与して安心するな！
    　ほか

    CHAPTER 17　内分泌系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　バセドウ病患者の発熱では無顆粒球症を考慮し白血球数分画を確認する
    　●2　癌患者では高カルシウム血症を意識する
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　高血糖症で劇症型1型糖尿病を想起しない！
    　●2　1型糖尿病患者が悪心・嘔吐・腹痛でERを受診，血糖値が高くないため，
    　　　　DKAを否定し，急性胃腸炎として，胃腸薬を処方して帰宅させるのは危険！
    　●3　ERでDKA（糖尿病性ケトアシドーシス）と診断して，
    　　　　まずは速効型インスリンを5単位ワンショット静注するのはダメ！

    CHAPTER 18　血液内科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　Transferrin saturation（血清鉄／TIBC）20％未満への鉄剤投与
    　●2　難治性鉄欠乏性貧血でピロリ菌が陽性の際の除菌療法
    　●3　新規処方薬開始5〜10日後の血小板減少はDITPを疑い，被疑薬中止
    　●4　血液疾患で腎機能障害を見たら画像検査を検討する
    　ほか
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　血液疾患既往のある患者の発熱に対し，安易な抗菌薬・解熱剤処方はダメ！
    　●2　血液疾患の嘔気・嘔吐に採血なしで制吐薬の処方はダメ！

    CHAPTER 19　耳鼻科系
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　Bell麻痺に対して抗ウイルス薬を投与する時はステロイド併用投与も忘れずに
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　虫が耳に入った場合に，キシロカイン噴霧は要注意
    　●2　小児の中耳炎に安易な抗菌薬はダメ！
    　●3　鼻出血のガーゼ・タンポンに抗菌薬軟膏・内服は不要

    CHAPTER 20　マイナーエマージェンシー
    【オススメ処方】
    　●1　化学眼症には十分量の洗浄を行うのがオススメ！
    　●2　鼻血で受診した患者には，まずは正しい用手圧迫法の指導を行うのがオススメ！
    【ダメ処方】
    　●1　眼痛を訴える患者にベノキシール®を「処方」するのはNG！
    　●2　破傷風予防接種歴がない人の破傷風発症予防に破傷風トキソイドのみはNG！

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

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CHAPTER 2 救急 ( 中毒 )

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CHAPTER 3 緩和救急系

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CHAPTER 4 プライマリ・ケア救急

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1) 日本骨粗鬆症学会, 他. 骨粗鬆症の予防と治療ガイドライン2015年版. 東京:ライフサイエンス出版;2015.
 
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2) Akriviadis AE, et al. Treatment of biliary colic with diclofenac:a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 1997;113:225-31.
 
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1) Seppala LJ, et al. EuGMS Task and Finish group on Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs(FRIDs):Position on knowledge dissemination, management, and future research. Drugs Aging. 2019;36:299-307.
 
2) Gray SL, et al. Interventions to reduce fall-risk-increasing drug use to prevent falls:A narrative review of randomized trials. Drugs Aging. 2021;38:301-9.
 
3) Goldberg EM, et al. Can an Emergency department-initiated intervention prevent subsequent falls and health care use in older adults? A randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Dec;76:739-750
 
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1) Jenkins C, et al. Systematic review of prevalence of aspirin induced asthma and its implications for clinical practice. BMJ 2004;328:434-40.
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2) Stevenson DD, et al. Clinical and pathologic perspectives on aspirin sensitivity and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:773-86.
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3) Morales DR, et al. Safety risks for patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory dis-ease after acute exposure to selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2 inhibitors:Meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;134:40-5.
 
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1) DuPont HL. Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults. N Engl J Med 2014;370:1532-40.
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2) Riddle MS, et al. ACG Clinical Guideline:Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Acute Diarrheal Infections in Adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May;111:602-22.
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3) Riddle MS, et al. Effect of adjunctive loperamide in combination with antibiotics on treatment outcomes in traveler's diarrhea:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:1007-14.
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1) Ely JW, et al. Approach to leg edema of unclear etiology. J Am Board Fam Med. 2006;19:148-60.
 
2) Trayes KP, et al. Edema:diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88:102-10.
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4) Whelton A, et al. Cardiorenal effects of celecoxib as compared with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac and ibuprofen. Kidney Int. 2006;70:1495-502.
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5) Ogawa S, et al. Pregabalin treatment for peripheral neuropathic pain:a review of safety data from randomized controlled trials conducted in Japan and in the west. Drug Saf. 2012;35:793-806.
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6) Mudaliar S, et al. Thiazolidinediones, peripheral edema, and type 2 diabetes:inci-dence, pathophysiology, and clinical implications. Endocr Pract. 2003;9:406-16.
 
7) Cicero CE, et al. A case of severe leg oedema in a patient with Parkinson's disease treated with pramipexole. Postgrad Med J. 2016;92:484.
 
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3) Vitry AI, et al. Major bleeding risk associated with warfarin and comedications in the elderly population. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20:1057-63.
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CHAPTER 5 循環器系

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CHAPTER 6 呼吸器系

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CHAPTER 7 感染症系

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4) Fernandez J, et al. Norfloxacin vs ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis of infections in patients with advanced cirrhosis and hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 2006;131:1049-56.
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1) 急性膵炎診療ガイドライン2021改訂出版委員会, 編. 急性膵炎診療ガイドライン2021(第5版). 東京:金原出版;2021.
 
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2) Marignani M, et al. Acute infectious diarrhea. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1576-7.
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3) Shane AL, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;65:1963-73.
 
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CHAPTER 8 産婦人科系

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2) 日本感染症学会, 他. JAID/JSC感染症治療ガイドライン2015-尿路感染症・男性性器感染症. 感染症誌.2016;90:1-30.
 
3) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ302. 切迫早産の診断と管理の注意点は? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン産科編 2020. 2020.
 
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1) Goldshtein I, et al. Association of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination during preg-nancy with neonatal and early infant outcomes. JAMA Pediatr. 2022;176:470-7.
 
2) Halasa NB, et al. Effectiveness of maternal vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vac-cine during pregnancy against COVID-19-associated hospitalization in infants aged <6 months-17 states, July 2021-January 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022;71:264-70.
 
3) Thompson MG, et al. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-asso-ciated hospitalizations during pregnancy:a multi-country retrospective test nega-tive design study, 2010-2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68:1444-53.
 
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1) 国立感染症研究所. 海外の妊婦への百日咳含有ワクチン接種に関する情報. IASR. 2019;40:14-5.
 
2) Vygen-Bonnet S, et al. Safety and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccination during pregnancy:a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:136. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4824-3
 
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P.169 掲載の参考文献
1) Bouthry E, et al. Rubella and pregnancy:diagnosis, management and outcomes. Prenat Diagn. 2014;34:1246-53.
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2) 厚生労働省. 風しんの追加的対策について. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/kenkou_iryou/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou/rubella/index_00001.htm
 
P.170 掲載の参考文献
1) Lei J, et al. HPV vaccination and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1340-8.
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2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ207. HPVワクチン接種の対象は? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン婦人科外来編 2020. 2020.
 
3) Arbyn M, et al. Prophylactic vaccination against human papillomaviruses to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018.5:CD009069.
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1) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ305. 機能性月経困難症の治療は? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン婦人科外来編 2020. 2020.
 
2) Kazama M, et al. Prevalence of dysmenorrhea and its correlating lifestyle factors in Japanese female junior high school students. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2015;236:107-13.
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1) Yefet E, et al. The safety of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in pregnancy:a meta-analysis. BJOG. 2018;125:1069-76.
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2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ104. 添付文書上いわゆる禁忌の医薬品のうち, 妊娠初期のみに使用された場合, 臨床的に有意な胎児への影響はないと判断してよい医薬品は? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン産科編 2020. 2020.
 
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1) Casagrande D, et al. Low back pain and pelvic girdle pain in pregnancy.J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23:539-49.
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2) 東京大学医学部附属病院女性診療科・産科. アスリートのためのハンドブック. Health Management for Female Athletes Special Version. http://femaleathletes.jp/document/pdf/190308_HMFASpecialVer.pdf
 
3) 厚生労働省. ケトプロフェン(外皮用剤)の妊娠中における使用について. 2014. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/www1/kinkyu/iyaku_j/iyaku_j/anzenseijyouhou/312_1.pdf
 
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1) Kalaitzopoulos DR, et al. Management of venous thromboembolism in pregnancy. Thromb Res. 2022;211:106-13.
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2) Magee LA, et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for interna-tional practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022;27:148-69.
 
3) Smyth RMD, et al. Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2015;2015:CD001066
 
P.176 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ104. 医薬品の授乳中使用による児への影響について尋ねられたら? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン産科編 2020.2020.
 
2) ABMプロトコル委員会. ABM臨床プロトコル第4号 乳腺炎(2014年改訂版). 2014.
 
3) 国立成育医療研究センター. 授乳中に安全に使用できると考えられる薬. https://www.ncchd.go.jp/kusuri/lactation/druglist_aiu.html
 
P.177 掲載の参考文献
1) The European Medicines Agency. PRAC recommends new measures to avoid val-proate exposure in pregnancy. 2018.
 
2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ104. 医薬品使用による胎児への影響について尋ねられたら? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン産科編2020. 2020.
 
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1)日本循環器学会/日本産科婦人科学会合同ガイドライン. 心疾患患者の妊娠・出産の適応, 管理に関するガイドライン(2018年改訂版).
 
2) 日本産科婦人科学会, 他. CQ309. 妊娠高血圧症候群と診断されたら? 産婦人科診療ガイドライン産科編2020. 2020.
 
3) Magee LA, et al. The 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for interna-tional practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2022;27:148-69.
 
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1) 日本糖尿病学会. GLP-1受容体作動薬適応外使用に関する日本糖尿病学会の見解. 2020.
 
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CHAPTER 9 小児科系

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1) Bauman BH, et al. Pediatric pain management in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005;23:393-414, ix.
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2) Karbasi SA, et al. Comparison of antipyretic effectiveness of equal doses of rectal and oral acetaminophen in children. J Pediatr(Rio J). 2010;86:228-32.
 
3) 日本小児科学会薬事委員会. 解熱鎮痛薬アセトアミノフェン静注液の過量投与に関する注意喚起. 2021年12月27日公開
 
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1) Lewis DW, et al. Children's ibuprofen suspension for the acute treatment of pediat-ric migraine. Headache. 2002;42:780-6.
 
2) Parish E. Ibuprofen as effective as morphine for fracture pain in children, study shows. BMJ. 2014;349:g6581.
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1) Kim MK, et al. A randomized clinical trial of analgesia in children with acute abdom-inal pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2002;9:281-7.
 
2) Green R, et al. Early analgesia for children with acute abdominal pain. Pediatrics. 2005;116:978-83.
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3) Bauman BH, et al. Pediatric pain management in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2005;23:393-414, ix.
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5) Robb AL, et al. Pediatric Emergency Research Canada(PERC)Appendicitis Study Group. Pain management of acute appendicitis in Canadian pediatric emergency departments. CJEM. 2017;19:417-23.
 
6) Fowler M, et al. for Pediatric Emergency Research Canada. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Canadian pediatric emergency physicians regarding short-termopioid use:a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. CMAJ Open. 2020;8:E148-55.
 
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3) Freedman SB, et al. Effect of dilute apple juice and preferred fluids vs electrolyte maintenance solution on treatment failure among children with mild gastroenteri-tis:a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315:1966-74.
 
4) Spandorfer PR, et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration of moderately dehydrated children:a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2005;115:295-301.
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1) Cherry JD. Clinical practice. Croup. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:384-91.
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2) Gates A, et al. Glucocorticoids for croup in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;8:CD001955.
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3) Parker CM, et al. Prednisolone versus dexamethasone for croup:a randomized con-trolled trial. Pediatrics. 2019;144:e20183772.
 
4) Lee JH, et al. Efficacy of low-dose nebulized epinephrine as treatment for croup:arandomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2019;37:2171-6.
 
P.191 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本小児アレルギー学会. 小児気管支喘息治療・管理ガイドライン2020. 東京:協和企画;2020.
 
2) Keeney GE, et al. Dexamethasone for acute asthma exacerbations in children:a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2014;133:493-9.
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4) Farber HJ, et al. Oral corticosteroid prescribing for children with asthma in a medic-aid managed care program. Pediatrics. 2017;139:e20164146.
 
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1) 日本小児神経学会, 編. 小児けいれん重積治療ガイドライン2017. 東京:診断と治療社;2017.
 
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4) 日本小児科学会薬事委員会. ピボキシル基含有抗菌薬の服用に関連した低カルニチン血症に係る注意喚起について. 2019.
 
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CHAPTER 10 整形外科系

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3) 日本消化器病学会, 他. 消化性潰瘍診療ガイドライン2015. 第2版. 東京:南江堂;2015.
 
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1) ファイザー株式会社. トラマール添付文書
 
2) ヴィアトリス製薬株式会社. リリカ添付文書
 
3) 第一三共株式会社. タリージェ添付文書
 
4) 丸山一男. 痛みの考えかた. 東京:南江堂;2014.
 
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CHAPTER 11 脳神経系

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1) 日本脳卒中学会脳卒中ガイドライン委員会, 編. 脳卒中治療ガイドライン2021. 東京:協和企画;2021.
 
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1) Kamei S, et al. Nationwide survey of the annual prevalence of viral and other neuro-logical infections in Japanese inpatients. Intern Med. 2000;39:894-900.
 
2) 日本神経感染症学会, 他編. 単純ヘルペス脳炎診療ガイドライン2017. 東京:南江堂;2017.
 
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1) 日本神経学会, 他. 細菌性髄膜炎診療ガイドライン2014. 東京:南江堂;2015.
 
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1) Kapur J, et al. Rapid seizure-induced reduction of benzodiazepine and Zn2+sensi-tivity of hippocampal dentate granule cell GABAA receptors. J Neurosci. 1997;17:7532-40.
 
2) Waterhouse E, et al. Seizures in the elderly:nuances in presentation and treatment. Cleve Clin J Med. 2005;72:s26-37
 
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2) 松原知康. Neurology for Primary Care. J-COSMO. 2019:1;717.
 
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2) Romoli M, et al. Pyridoxine supplementation for levetiracetam-related neuropsychi-atric adverse events:a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;103(Pt A):106861.
 
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1) Jordan H, et al. Management of insomnia and anxiety in myasthenia gravis. J Neuro-psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2019;31:386-91.
 
2) 日本神経学会. 重症筋無力症/ランバート・イートン筋無力症診療ガイドライン2022. 東京:南江堂;2022
 
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2) 本岡里英子, 他. 偏食による亜鉛過剰摂取が原因と考えられた銅欠乏性ミエロパチーの1例. 臨神経. 2016;56:690-3.
 
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2) 日本高血圧学会高血圧治療ガイドライン作成委員会, 編. 東京:高血圧治療ガイドライン2019. 東京:ライフサイエンス出版;2019
 
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1) 日本脳卒中学会脳卒中ガイドライン委員会, 編. 脳卒中治療ガイドライン2021. 東京:協和企画;2021.
 
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1) 日本循環器学会, 他. 感染性心内膜炎の予防と治療に関するガイドライン(2017年改訂版). 日本循環器学会. 2017
 
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1) 日本老年医学会日本医療研究開発機構研究費・高齢者の薬物治療の安全性に関する研究研究班, 編. 高齢者の安全な薬物療法ガイドライン2015. 東京:メジカルビュー社;2015
 
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2) 日本老年医学会日本医療研究開発機構研究費・高齢者の薬物治療の安全性に関する研究研究班, 編. 高齢者の安全な薬物療法ガイドライン2015. 東京:メジカルビュー社;2015.
 

CHAPTER 12 精神科系

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5) 鶴田良介.痛み・不穏・せん妄の評価法-ガイドラインでの推奨の根拠と現場使用におけるコツ. intensivist. 2014;6:1
 
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1) 厚生労働科学研究・障害者対策総合研究事業「睡眠薬の適正使用及び減量・中止のための診療ガイドラインに関する研究班」および日本睡眠学会・睡眠薬使用ガイドライン作成ワーキンググループ, 編. 睡眠薬の適正な使用と休薬のための診療ガイドライン-出口を見据えた不眠医療マニュアル-. 2013.
 
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1) 北元 健, 他. ベンゾジアゼピン受容体作動薬の過量服用後に不穏を呈した1症例. 臨精薬理. 2018;21:821-3.
 
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1) Marriott S, et al. Benzodiazepine dependence. Avoidance and withdrawal. Drug safe. 1993;9:93-103.
 
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3) 内山 真. その他の精神科診療の先達-睡眠障害 不眠症診療に最新の情報. 精神医学. 2021;63:832-9.
 
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CHAPTER 13 皮膚科系

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CHAPTER 14 腎臓系

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CHAPTER 15 膠原病系

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CHAPTER 16 消化器系

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CHAPTER 17 内分泌系

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CHAPTER 18 血液内科系

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CHAPTER 19 耳鼻科系

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CHAPTER 20 マイナーエマージェンシー

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