日本臨牀　81/増刊7　ウイルス性肝炎学　2023

出版社： 日本臨牀社
発行日： 2023-07-31
分野： 臨床医学：一般  >  雑誌
ISSN： 00471852
雑誌名：
特集： ウイルス性肝炎学　2023
電子書籍版： 2023-07-31 （初版第1刷）
書籍・雑誌
≪全国送料無料でお届け≫
取寄せ目安：4～8営業日

24,200 円(税込)

購入する
電子書籍
章別単位での購入はできません
ブラウザ、アプリ閲覧

24,200 円(税込)

購入する

目次

  • 特集　ウイルス性肝炎学　2023
    　　　―最新の病態・診断・治療情報―

    I．総　論
    　１．ウイルス性肝炎発見の歴史
    　２．肝炎ウイルスの種類
    　３．ウイルス肝炎検査・診断の変遷と展望
    　４．ウイルス性肝炎治療の変遷と展望
    　５．C型慢性肝疾患治療のeliminationに向けて
    　６. B型肝炎治療の進展と問題点
    　７. ウイルス肝炎からの肝発癌

    II．ウイルス性肝炎の病理：総論
    　１．ウイルス性肝炎の病理：総論

    III．肝炎ウイルス研究の進歩
    　１．培養細胞を用いた肝炎ウイルス複製
    　　（１）HCVレプリコン
    　　（２）肝炎ウイルス培養系と抗ウイルス薬開発への応用
    　２．肝炎ウイルス感染動物モデル
    　　（１）B型肝炎ウイルスの動物モデルと治療開発

    IV．肝炎ウイルスマーカー測定の意義
    　１．C型肝炎ウイルスマーカー測定の意義
    　２.　B型肝炎ウイルスマーカー測定の意義

    V．各　論
    　１．C型肝炎
    　　（１）日本におけるC型肝炎の疫学　 国際比較-
    　　（２）C型肝炎ウイルス(HCV)の感染と肝炎発症機序
    　　　　１）HCV感染の最近の動向
    　　　　２）薬物使用とHCV感染
    　　　　３）C型肝炎発症機序
    　　　　４）C型肝炎ウイルスの複製増殖機構
    　　（３）ウイルス排除をめざした臨床研究
    　　　　１）C型肝炎の治療と生命予後
    　　　　２）多剤耐性例の出現とその対策
    　　　　３）DAAを用いたC型非代償性肝硬変症例に対する抗ウイルス治療
    　　　　４）抗ウイルス療法の治療効果予測と宿主因子
    　　　　５）ウイルス学的超難治例の形成機序
    　　　　６）高齢者に対する抗ウイルス治療の問題点
    　　（４）検査・診断
    　　　　１）C型肝炎の診断(臨床検査を中心に)
    　　　　２）非侵襲的肝線維化診断法：腹部超音波エラストグラフィとMRエラストグラフィ
    　　　　３）肝線維化マーカーを用いた線維化評価
    　　（５）治　療
    　　　　１）C型慢性肝炎合併透析症例に対する抗ウイルス療法
    　　　　２）HIVとHCVとの重複感染
    　　　　３）肝移植前後のC型肝炎に対する治療
    　　　　４）肝癌再発予防を目指した抗ウイルス療法
    　　　　５） C型慢性肝疾患での肝外病変とその対策
    　２．B型肝炎
    　　（１）日本におけるB型肝炎の疫学　 国際比較-
    　　（２）B型急性肝炎の動向：概論
    　　（３）B型慢性肝炎の動向：概論
    　　（４）B型急性肝不全の動向: 概論
    　　（５）B型肝炎ウイルス(HBV)の分子生物学と肝炎発症機序
    　　　　１）HBVの遺伝子構造、複製機構
    　　　　２）HBVの持続感染因子
    　　　　３）B型肝炎発症機序
    　　　　４）HBVの肝細胞障害
    　　（６）臨床をめざした基礎研究
    　　　　１）HBVの細胞内侵入機構と創薬標的
    　　　　２）HBV遺伝子型・遺伝子変異
    　　　　３）HBVによる肝発癌機構の研究
    　　　　４）ヒト肝細胞キメラマウスを用いたin vivoおよびin vitro HBV感染モデル
    　　　　５）HBV感染に対する免疫応答機構
    　　　　６）HBVゲノムのインテグレーション
    　　　　７）HBxタンパクの機能とウイルスの複製
    　　　　８）獲得免疫によるcccDNAの制御
    　　　　９）ゲノム編集によるcccDNAの破壊
    　　（７）病　態
    　　　　１）B型肝炎の自然経過と予後
    　　　　２）B型肝炎の発症機序と病態
    　　　　３）HBV遺伝子型と臨床像
    　　　　４）HBVの変異と病態
    　　（８）B型慢性肝炎の病態・治療・予後に関連する因子(HLA-DP)
    　　（９）臨床研究
    　　　　１）HBV再活性化対策
    　　　　２）オリゴヌクレオチドによるB型慢性肝疾患治療
    　　　　３）核酸アナログ長期投与とHBV-DNA陰性化
    　　　　４）核酸アナログ製剤治療によるHBs抗原陰性化と発癌
    　　　　５）B型慢性肝炎に対するペグインターフェロン単独療法と核酸アナログ併用療法
    　　　　６）核酸アナログ製剤中止時のPeg-IFNα Sequential療法の効果と安全性
    　　　　７）放射線被曝と肝炎ウイルス感染の肝細胞癌リスク
    　　（10）検査・診断
    　　　　１）基本的な検査・診断と注意事項
    　　　　２）HBV関連分子とその臨床的意義
    　　　　３）HBV検査マーカーの有用性
    　　（11）治　療
    　　　　１）B型慢性肝炎の自然経過と治療の選択
    　　　　２）B型慢性肝炎に対するペグインターフェロン療法
    　　　　３）核酸アナログ療法
    　　　　４）シーケンシャル療法
    　　　　５）B型慢性肝炎におけるHBe抗原の意義
    　　　　６）HBs抗原陰性化を目指した治療
    　　　　７）新規抗HBV薬剤の開発状況
    　　（12）特殊病態下でのB型肝炎に対する対応
    　　　　１）抗悪性腫瘍薬，免疫抑制薬によるHBV再活性化とその対策
    　　　　２）肝移植後のHBV再活性化とその対応
    　　　　３）HBV・HIV重複感染症
    　　（13）抗ウイルス療法によるB型肝炎の発癌および再発抑制効果
    　　（14）B型肝炎ウイルス感染とその予防対策
    　３．A型肝炎
    　　（１）A型肝炎ウイルス(HAV) の疫学
    　　（２）A型肝炎ウイルスのウイルス学的特徴
    　　（３）A型急性肝炎の臨床的特徴
    　　（４）診断・治療
    　　（５）A型肝炎の予防
    　４．デルタ(D型)肝炎
    　　（１）デルタ(D型)肝炎の疫学
    　　（２）デルタ(D型)肝炎のサブタイプと特徴
    　　（３）デルタ(D型)肝炎 診断・治療
    　５．E型肝炎
    　　（１）E型肝炎ウイルスの疫学
    　　（２）E型肝炎ウイルスのウイルス学的特徴
    　　（３）E型肝炎の臨床的特徴
    　　（４）E型肝炎の診断および治療
    　　（５）E型肝炎の予防
    　6．肝炎ウイルス以外のウイルスによる肝炎
    　　（１）肝炎ウイルス以外のウイルスによる肝炎：総論
    　　（２）単純ヘルペスウイルス
    　　（３）EBウイルス
    　　（４）サイトメガロウイルス

    VI．特　論
    　１．B型肝炎ウイルスの発癌リスク因子
    　２．ウイルス性肝炎患者拾い上げの問題
    　３．B型肝炎ワクチンの定期接種化の意義と課題
    　４．小児B型慢性肝炎に対する治療
    　５．E型肝炎ウイルスの感染経路　ブタ肉加工品及びその他
    　６．輸血用血液の肝炎対策─血液スクリーニングの現況─

この書籍の参考文献

参考文献のリンクは、リンク先の都合等により正しく表示されない場合がありますので、あらかじめご了承下さい。

本参考文献は電子書籍掲載内容を元にしております。

序文

P.4 掲載の参考文献
1) Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al:Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359-362, 1989.
 
2) Andani A, van Damme P, Bunge EM, et al:One or two doses of hepatitis A vaccine in universal vaccination programs in children in 2020:A systematic review. Vaccine 40:196-205, 2022.
PubMed
3) Spada E, Costantino A, Pezzotti P, et al:Hepatitis E virus infection prevalence among men who have sex with men involved in a hepatitis A virus outbreak in Italy. Blood Transfus 17:428-432, 2019.
 
4) Zhu FC, Zhang J, Zhang XF, et al:Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults:a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 376:895-902, 2010.
 

I 総論

P.11 掲載の参考文献
1) Findlay GM, MacCallum FO:Hepatitis and Jaundice Associated with Immunization against Certain Virus Diseases:(Section of Comparative Medicine). Proc R Soc Med 31:799-806, 1938.
PubMed
2) MacCallum FO, Miles JA:A transmissible disease in rats inoculated with material from cases of infective hepatitis. Lancet 1:3-5, 1946.
PubMed
3) Blumberg BS, Alter HJ, Visnich S:A "new" antigen in leukemia sera. JAMA 191:541-546, 1965.
PubMed
4) Okochi K, Murakami S:Observations on Australia antigen in Japanese. Vox Sang 15:374-385, 1968.
 
5) Prince AM:An antigen detected in the blood during the incubation period of serum hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 60:814-821, 1968.
PubMed
6) Dane DS, Cameron CH, Briggs M:Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. Lancet 1:695-698, 1970.
PubMed
7) Galibert F, Mandart E, Fitoussi F, et al:Nucleotide sequence of the hepatitis B virus genome (subtype ayw) cloned in E. coli. Nature 281:646-650, 1979.
 
8) Valenzuela P, Medina A, Rutter WJ, et al:Synthesis and assembly of hepatitis B virus surface antigen particles in yeast. Nature 298:347-350, 1982.
PubMed
9) Feinstone SM, Kapikian AZ, Purceli RH:Hepatitis A:detection by immune electron microscopy of a viruslike antigen associated with acute illness. Science 182:1026-1028, 1973.
PubMed
10) Rizzetto M, Canese MG, Arico S, et al:Immunofluorescence detection of new antigen-antibody system (delta/anti-delta) associated to hepatitis B virus in liver and in serum of HBsAg carriers. Gut 18:997-1003, 1977.
PubMed
11) Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al:Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Intervirology 20:23-31, 1983.
PubMed
12) Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al:Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359-362, 1989.
 
13) Alter HJ, Purcell RH, Shih JW, et al:Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. N Engl J Med 321:1494-1500, 1989.
PubMed
14) Miyamura T, Saito I, Katayama T, et al:Detection of antibody against antigen expressed by molecularly cloned hepatitis C virus cDNA:application to diagnosis and blood screening for posttransfusion hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:983-987, 1990.
PubMed
15) Kato N, Hijikata M, Ootsuyama Y, et al:Molecular cloning of the human hepatitis C virus genome from Japanese patients with 350non-A, non-B hepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9524-9528, 1990.
PubMed
P.18 掲載の参考文献
1) 杉山隆一, 清原知子, 鈴木亮介, ほか:2018年のA型肝炎流行状況について. IASR 40:150-151, 2019. [https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/ja/typhi-m/iasr-reference/2469-related-articles/related-articles-475/9115-475r02.html]
 
2) 井上貴子, 加治屋幹人, 加藤正美, ほか:歯科医師のB型肝炎ワクチン接種状況にみられる問題点. 肝臓 64:150-151, 2023.
 
3) Mizokami M, Yokosuka O, Takehara T, et al:Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C:an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 15:645-653, 2015.
PubMed
4) Korenaga M, Murata K, Izumi N, et al:No increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after eradication of hepatitis C virus by direct-acting antivirals, compared with interferon-based therapy. Glob Health Med 4:216-224, 2022.
PubMed
5) 肝炎治療促進事業【資料】令和3年度肝炎医療費助成対象者数調査票. [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10900000/r03josei_taisyou.pdf]
 
6) 厚生労働省/国立感染症研究所:感染症週報IDWR(Infectious Diseases Weekly Report Japan)2021年第41週(10月11日～10月17日):通巻第23巻第41号. [https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/images/idsc/idwr/IDWR2021/idwr2021-41.pdf]
 
P.26 掲載の参考文献
1) Cuthbert JA:Hepatitis A:old and new. Clin Microbiol Rev 14:38-58, 2001.
PubMed
2) Watanabe S, Morimoto N, Miura K, et al:Full-genome characterization of the RIVM-HAV16-090-like hepatitis A virus strains recovered from Japanese men who have sex with men, with sporadic acute hepatitis A. Hepatol Res 49:521-530, 2019.
PubMed
3) Kamar N, Selves J, Mansuy JM, et al:Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 358:811-817, 2008.
PubMed
4) Chauhan A, Jameel S, Dilawari JB, et al:Hepatitis E virus transmission to a volunteer. Lancet 341:149-150, 1993.
PubMed
5) Bryan JP, Tsarev SA, Iqbal M, et al:Epidemic hepatitis E in Pakistan:patterns of serologic response and evidence that antibody to hepatitis E virus protects against disease. J Infect Dis 170:517-521, 1994.
 
6) Takahashi M, Kusakai S, Mizuo H, et al:Simultaneous detection of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV) Is highly specific for diagnosis of acute HEV infection. J Clin Microbiol 43:49-56, 2005.
PubMed
7) Orito E, Ichida T, Sakugawa H, et al:Geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in patients with chronic HBV infection in Japan. Hepatology 34:590-594, 2001.
PubMed
8) Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, et al:Basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. Gastroenterology 124:327-334, 2003.
PubMed
9) Inoue T, Kusumoto S, Iio E, et al:Clinical efficacy of a novel, high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay in the management of chronic hepatitis B and HBV reactivation. J Hepatol 75:302-310, 2021.
PubMed
10) Watanabe T, Inoue T, Tanaka Y:Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and New Therapies for Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 9:2083, 2021.
 
11) Wong DK, Tanaka Y, Lai CL, et al:Hepatitis B virus core-related antigens as markers for monitoring chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Microbiol 45:3942-3947, 2007
PubMed
12) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, Suzuki F, et al:Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen is valuable for identifying patients who are at low risk of lamivudine resistance. Liver Int 26:90-96, 2006.
PubMed
13) Shinkai N, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al:Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen as predicting factor for relapse after cessation of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res 36:272-276, 2006.
PubMed
14) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Ultrasensitive Assay for Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidences During Entecavir. Hepatol Commun 6:36-49, 2022.
PubMed
15) WHO fact sheet, Hepatitis C. [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c]
 
16) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
17) Tanaka Y, Takagi K, Fujihara T, et al:High stability of enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen-evaluation before and after incubation at room temperature. Hepatol Res 26:261-267, 2003.
PubMed
P.31 掲載の参考文献
1) Kumada H, Ikeda K, Yoshida A, et al:Short-term prednisolone for inducing seroconversion from hepatitis B e antigen to antibody along with clinical improvement in patients with chronic active hepatitis type B. Jpn J Med 26:217-222, 1987.
PubMed
2) Wong DK, Cheung AM, O'Rourke K, et al:Effect of alpha-interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 119:312-323, 1993.
PubMed
3) Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, et al:Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa):an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepatit 10:298-305, 2003.
 
4) Marcellin P, Lau GK, Bonino F, et al:Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 351:1206-1217, 2004.
PubMed
5) Hashimoto Y, Suzuki F, Hirakawa M, et al:Clinical and virological effects of long-term (over 5 years)lamivudine therapy. J Med Virol 82:684-691, 2010.
PubMed
6) Yokosuka O, Takaguchi K, Fujioka S, et al:Long-term use of entecavir in nucleotide-naive Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. J Hepatol 52:791-799, 2010.
 
7) Buti M, Gane E, Seto WK, et al:Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection:a randomized, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Gastroenterolo Hepatol 1:196-206, 2016.
 
8) 鈴木文孝:核酸アナログ製剤による治療. HEPATOLOGY PRACTICE1 B型肝炎の診療を極める(田中榮司, 竹原徹郎, 持田 智 編), p104-109, 文光堂, 2013.
 
9) 渡辺丈久, 田中靖人:B型肝炎の創薬. 消化器内科レビュー2022-'23(竹原徹郎 監), p148-154, 総合医学社, 2022.
 
10) Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, et al:An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244:362-364, 1989.
 
11) 濱野耕靖:インターフェロン単独24週間療法の治療効果. ここがポイントC型・B型肝炎, 肝癌の診療(泉 並木 編), p37-42, 南江堂, 2008.
 
12) Oze T, Hiramatsu N, Yakushijin T, et al:The efficacy of extended treatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in patients with HCV genotype 1 and slow virologic response in Japan. J Gastroenterol 46:944-952, 2011.
PubMed
13) C型肝炎治療ガイドライン[第8.2版](日本肝臓学会肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2023.
 
14) Akuta N, Suzuki F, Hirakawa M, et al:Amino acid substitution in hepatitis C virus core region and genetic variation near the interleukin 28B gene predict viral response to telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin. Hepatology 52:421-429, 2010.
PubMed
15) Hayashi N, Izumi N, Kumada H, et al:Simeprevir with peginterferon/ribavirin for treatment-naive hepatitis C genotype 1 patients in Japan:CONCERTO-1, a phase III trial. J Hepatol 61:219-227, 2014.
PubMed
16) Suzuki Y, Ikeda K, Suzuki F, et al:Dual oral therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir for patients with HCV genotype 1b infection and limited treatment options. J Hepatol 58:655-662, 2013.
PubMed
17) Mizokami M, Yokosuka O, Takehara T, et al:Ledipasvir and sofosbuvir fixed-dose combination with and without ribavirin for 12 weeks in treatment-naive and previously treated Japanese patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C:an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 15:645-653, 2015.
PubMed
18) Sezaki H, Suzuki F, Hosaka T, et al:Initial-and re-treatment effectiveness of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus-genotype 1/2/3 infections. J Gastroenterol 54:916-927, 2019.
PubMed
19) Izumi N, Takehara T, Chayama K, et al:Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir plus ribavirin in Japanese patients with genotype 1 or 2 hepatitis C who failed direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Int 12:356-367, 2018.
PubMed
20) Omata M, Nishiguchi S, Ueno Y, et al:Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in Japanese patients with chronic genotype 2 HCV infection:an open-label, phase 3 trial. J Viral Hepat 21:762-768, 2014.
 
P.38 掲載の参考文献
1) Asselah T, Marcellin P, Schinazi RF:Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with direct-acting antiviral agents:100% cure? Liver Int 38(Suppl 1):7-13, 2018.
 
2) World Health Organization:Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240027077]
 
3) Thomas DL:Global Elimination of Chronic Hepatitis. N Engl J Med 380:2041-2050, 2019.
PubMed
4) Foreman KJ, Marquez N, Dolgert A, et al:Forecasting life expectancy, years of life lost, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 250 causes of death:reference and alternative scenarios for 2016-40 for 195 countries and territories. Lancet 392:2052-2090, 2018.
PubMed
5) World Health Organization:Global Hepatitis Report, 2017. [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565455]
 
6) Riedel S:Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 18:21-25, 2005.
 
7) Yanagi M, Purcell RH, Emerson SU, et al:Transcripts from a single full-length cDNA clone of hepatitis C virus are infectious when directly transfected into the liver of a chimpanzee. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:8738-8743, 1997.
PubMed
8) Kolykhalov AA, Agapov EV, Blight KJ, et al:Transmission of hepatitis C by intrahepatic inoculation with transcribed RNA. Science 277:570-574, 1997.
PubMed
9) Xu X, Chen H, Cao X, et al:Efficient infection of tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri) with hepatitis C virus grown in cell culture or from patient plasma. J Gen Virol 88:2504-2512, 2007.
PubMed
10) Catanese MT, Dorner M:Advances in experimental systems to study hepatitis C virus in vitro and in vivo. Virology 479-480:221-233, 2015.
 
11) Takikawa S, Engle RE, Faulk KN, et al:Molecular evolution of GB virus B hepatitis virus during acute resolving and persistent infections in experimentally infected tamarins. J Gen Virol 91:727-733, 2010.
PubMed
12) Suzuki S, Mori K, Higashino A, et al:Persistent replication of a hepatitis C virus genotype 1b-based chimeric clone carrying E1, E2 and p6 regions from GB virus B in a New World monkey. Microbiol Immunol 60:26-34, 2016.
 
13) Li T, Zhu S, Shuai L, et al:Infection of common marmosets with hepatitis C virus/GB virus-B chimeras. Hepatology 59:789-802, 2014.
 
14) Billerbeck E, Wolfisberg R, Fahnoe U, et al:Mouse models of acute and chronic hepacivirus infection. Science 357:204-208, 2017.
PubMed
15) Berggren KA, Suzuki S, Ploss A:Animal Models Used in Hepatitis C Virus Research. Int J Mol Sci 21:3869, 2020.
PubMed
P.44 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022. [https://www.jsh.or.jp/lib/files/medical/guidelines/jsh_guidlines/B_v4.pdf]
 
2) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
3) Ono A, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al:Long-term continuous entecavir therapy in nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 57:508-514, 2012.
PubMed
4) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term outcome of entecavir treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 54:182-193, 2019.
PubMed
5) Yeo YH, Ho HJ, Yang HI, et al:Factors Associated With Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults With Chronic HBV Infection:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 156:635-646. e9, 2019.
 
6) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 47:814-822, 2012.
PubMed
7) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during long-term nucleot(s)ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B:results from a nine-year longitudinal study. J Gastroenterol 48:930-941, 2013.
PubMed
8) Brouwer WP, Xie Q, Sonneveld MJ, et al:Adding pegylated interferon to entecavir for hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B:A multicenter randomized trial (ARES study). Hepatology 61:1512-1522, 2015.
PubMed
9) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Enomoto H, et al:Combinational use of hepatitis B viral antigens predicts responses to nucleos(t)ide analogue/peg-interferon sequential therapy. J Gastroenterol 53:247-257, 2018.
PubMed
P.50 掲載の参考文献
1) 国立がん研究センターがん情報サービス「がん統計」(全国がん登録)[https://ganjoho.jp/reg_stat/statistics/data/dl/index.html#a14]
 
2) Yoshizawa H:Hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus infection in Japan:projection to other countries in the foreseeable future. Oncology 62(Suppl 1):8-17, 2002.
 
3) 山岡 義, 猪飼 伊, 有井 滋, ほか:第16回全国原発性肝癌追跡調査報告(2000～2001)(日本肝癌研究会追跡調査委員会). 肝臓 46:234-254, 2005.
 
4) Nakagomi R, Tateishi R, Masuzaki R, et al:Liver stiffness measurements in chronic hepatitis C:Treatment evaluation and risk assessment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 34:921-928, 2019.
PubMed
5) Carrat F, Fontaine H, Dorival C, et al:Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis C after direct-acting antiviral treatment:a prospective cohort study. Lancet 393:1453-1464, 2019.
PubMed
6) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al:Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295:65-73, 2006.
 
7) Jung KS, Kim SU, Ahn SH, et al:Risk assessment of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma development using liver stiffness measurement (FibroScan). Hepatology 53:885-894, 2011.
PubMed
8) Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, et al:Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 351:1521-1531, 2004.
PubMed
9) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013
PubMed

II ウイルス性肝炎の病理 : 総論

P.58 掲載の参考文献
1) Theise ND, Bodenheimer HC, Guido M:Viral hepatitis. In:MacSween's Pathology of the Liver, 7th ed (ed by Burt AD, Ferrel LD, Hubscher SG), p372-415, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2017.
 
2) Poff JA, Coakley FV, Qayyum A, et al:Frequency and histopathologic basis of hepatic surface nodularity in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Radiology 249:518-523, 2008.
PubMed
3) Kojiro M, Shimamatsu K, Kage M:Pathomorphologic comparison of hepatitis C virus-related and hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis bearing hepatocellular carcinoma. Princess Takamatsu Symp 25:179-184, 1995.
PubMed
4) Wanless IR, Nakashima E, Sherman M:Regression of human cirrhosis. Morphologic features and the genesis of incomplete septal cirrhosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 124:1599-1607, 2000.
PubMed
5) Fang JW, Wright TL, Lau JY:Fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis in patient with HIV and hepatitis B. Lancet 342:1175, 1993.
PubMed
6) Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, et al:Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis. Hepatology 1:431-435, 1981.
PubMed
7) Ishak K, Baptista A, Bianchi L, et al:Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 22:696-699, 1995.
PubMed
8) Intraobserver and interobserver variations in liver biopsy interpretation in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The French METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology 20:15-20, 1994.
 
9) Ichida F, Tsuji T, Omata M, et al:New Inuyama classification; new criteria for histological assessment of chronic hepatitis. Int Hepatol Commun 6:112-119, 1996.
 

III 肝炎ウイルス研究の進歩

P.64 掲載の参考文献
1) Lohmann V, Korner F, Koch J, et al:Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line. Science 285:110-113, 1999.
 
2) Moradpour D, Penin F, Rice CM:Replication of hepatitis C virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 5:453-463, 2007.
PubMed
3) Khan S, Soni S, Veerapu NS:HCV Replicon Systems:Workhorses of Drug Discovery and Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10:325, 2020.
PubMed
4) Ikeda M, Yi M, Li K, et al:Selectable subgenomic and genome-length dicistronic RNAs derived from an infectious molecular clone of the HCV-N strain of hepatitis C virus replicate efficiently in cultured Huh7 cells. J Virol 76:2997-3006, 2002.
 
5) Kato T, Date T, Miyamoto M, et al:Efficient replication of the genotype 2a hepatitis C virus subgenomic replicon. Gastroenterology 125:1808-1817, 2003.
PubMed
6) Saeed M, Gondeau C, Hmwe S, et al:Replication of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a in cultured cells. Gastroenterology 144:56-58. e7, 2013.
 
7) Saeed M, Scheel TK, Gottwein JM, et al:Efficient replication of genotype 3a and 4a hepatitis C virus replicons in human hepatoma cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:5365-5373, 2012.
PubMed
8) Wose Kinge CN, Espiritu C, Prabdial-Sing N, et al:Hepatitis C virus genotype 5a subgenomic replicons for evaluation of direct-acting antiviral agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:5386-5394, 2014.
PubMed
9) Yu M, Peng B, Chan K, et al:Robust and persistent replication of the genotype 6a hepatitis C virus replicon in cell culture. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:2638-2646, 2014.
PubMed
10) Krieger N, Lohmann V, Bartenschlager R:Enhancement of hepatitis C virus RNA replication by cell culture-adaptive mutations. J Virol 75:4614-4624, 2001.
PubMed
11) Lohmann V, Hoffmann S, Herian U, et al:Viral and cellular determinants of hepatitis C virus RNA replication in cell culture. J Virol 77:3007-3019, 2003.
PubMed
12) Saeed M, Andreo U, Chung HY, et al:SEC14L2 enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture. Nature 524:471-475, 2015.
PubMed
13) Blight KJ, McKeating JA, Marcotrigiano J, et al:Efficient replication of hepatitis C virus genotype 1a RNAs in cell culture. J Virol 77:3181-3190, 2003.
PubMed
14) Murray EM, Grobler JA, Markel EJ, et al:Persistent replication of hepatitis C virus replicons expressing the beta-lactamase reporter in subpopulations of highly permissive Huh7 cells. J Virol 77:2928-2935, 2003.
 
15) Moradpour D, Evans MJ, Gosert R, et al:Insertion of green fluorescent protein into nonstructural protein 5A allows direct visualization of functional hepatitis C virus replication complexes. J Virol 78:7400-7409, 2004.
PubMed
P.71 掲載の参考文献
1) Wakita T, Pietschmann T, Kato T, et al:Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. Nat Med 11:791-796, 2005.
PubMed
2) Saeed M, Andreo U, Chung HY, et al:SEC14L2 enables pan-genotype HCV replication in cell culture. Nature 524:471-475, 2015.
PubMed
3) Miyayama Y, Lee H, Song H, et al:Comparative study on the replication of HCV1b genome between wild-type and cell culture-adaptive mutant in regard to sensitivities against anti-HCV drugs. Microbiol Immunol 64:296-303, 2020.
 
4) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al:Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. Elife 3:e00049, 2012.
 
5) Iwamoto M, Saso W, Sugiyama R, et al:Epidermal growth factor receptor is a host-entry cofactor triggering hepatitis B virus internalization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:8487-8492, 2019.
PubMed
6) Li YY, Kuroki K, Shimakami T, et al:Hepatitis B Virus Utilizes a Retrograde Trafficking Route via the Trans-Golgi Network to Avoid Lysosomal Degradation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:533-558, 2023.
PubMed
7) Gripon P, Rumin S, Urban S, et al:Infection of a human hepatoma cell line by hepatitis B virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:15655-15660, 2002.
PubMed
8) Ishida Y, Yamasaki C, Yanagi A, et al:Novel robust in vitro hepatitis B virus infection model using fresh human hepatocytes isolated from humanized mice. Am J Pathol 185:1275-1285, 2015.
PubMed
9) Sakurai F, Mitani S, Yamamoto T, et al:Human induced-pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells as an in vitro model of human hepatitis B virus infection. Sci Rep 7:45698, 2017.
 
10) Akahori Y, Kato H, Fujita T, et al:Establishment of a novel hepatitis B virus culture system using immortalized human hepatocytes. Sci Rep 10:21718, 2020.
PubMed
11) Takayama K, Kawabata K, Nagamoto Y, et al:3D spheroid culture of hESC/hiPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells for drug toxicity testing. Biomaterials 34:1781-1789, 2013.
PubMed
12) Takebe T, Sekine K, Enomura M, et al:Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant. Nature 499:481-484, 2013.
PubMed
13) Camp JG, Sekine K, Gerber T, et al:Multilineage communication regulates human liver bud development from pluripotency. Nature 546:533-538, 2017.
PubMed
14) Jang KJ, Otieno MA, Ronxhi J, et al:Reproducing human and cross-species drug toxicities using a Liver-Chip. Sci Transl Med 11:eaax5516, 2019.
PubMed
15) Ortega-Prieto AM, Skelton JK, Cherry C, et al:"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection. J Vis Exp, 2019. (DOI:10. 3791/58333)
 
P.74 掲載の参考文献
1) Bissig KD, Wieland SF, Tran P, et al:Human liver chimeric mice provide a model for hepatitis B and C virus infection and treatment. J Clin Invest 120:924-930, 2010.
 
2) Azuma H, Paulk N, Ranade A, et al:Robust expansion of human hepatocytes in Fah-/-/Rag2-/-/Il2rg-/- mice. Nat Biotechnol 25:903-910, 2007.
PubMed
3) Kosaka K, Hiraga N, Imamura M, et al:A novel TK-NOG based humanized mouse model for the study of HBV and HCV infections. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 441:230-235, 2013.
 
4) Tateno C, Miya F, Wake K, et al:Morphological and microarray analyses of human hepatocytes from xenogeneic host livers. Lab Invest 93:54-71, 2013.
PubMed
5) Uchida T, Imamura M, Hayes CN, et al:Persistent Loss of Hepatitis B Virus Markers in Serum without Cellular Immunity by Combination of Peginterferon and Entecavir Therapy in Humanized Mice. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61:e00725-17, 2017.
PubMed
6) Uchida T, Hiraga N, Imamura M, et al:Human Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Acute Liver Failure and Rescue by Immunoglobulin in Human Hepatocyte Transplant TK-NOG Mice. J Virol 89:10087-10096, 2015.
PubMed
7) Brehm MA, Kenney LL, Wiles MV, et al:Lack of acute xenogeneic graft- versus-host disease, but retention of T-cell function following engraftment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in NSG mice deficient in MHC class I and II expression. FASEB J 33:3137-3151, 2019.
PubMed
8) Shultz LD, Saito Y, Najima Y, et al:Generation of functional human T-cell subsets with HLA-restricted immune responses in HLA class I expressing NOD/SCID/IL2r gamma(null) humanized mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:13022-13027, 2010
 

IV 肝炎ウイルスマーカー測定の意義

P.80 掲載の参考文献
1) Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al:Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359-362, 1989.
 
2) Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, et al:An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244:362-364, 1989.
 
3) C型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第8.2版)(日本肝臓学会肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2023. [http://www.jsh.or.jp/medical/guidelines/jsh_guidlines]
 
P.86 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Schweitzer A, Horn J, Mikolajczyk RT, et al:Estimations of worldwide prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection:a systematic review of data published between 1965 and 2013. Lancet 386:1546-1555, 2015.
PubMed
3) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
4) Usuda S, Okamoto H, Iwanari H, et al:Serological detection of hepatitis B virus genotypes by ELISA with monoclonal antibodies to type-specific epitopes in the preS2-region product. J Virol Methods 80:97-112, 1999.
PubMed
5) Liaw YF, Sheen IS, Chen TJ, et al:Incidence, determinants and significance of delayed clearance of serum HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B virus infection:a prospective study. Hepatology 13:627-631, 1991.
PubMed
6) Matsumoto A, Imaizumi M, Tanaka Y, et al:Novel and highly sensitive immunoassay for total hepatitis B surface antigen, including that complexed with hepatitis B surface antibody. J Gastroenterol 52:376-384, 2017.
PubMed
7) Inoue T, Kusumoto S, Iio E, et al:Clinical efficacy of a novel, high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay in the management of chronic hepatitis B and HBV reactivation. J Hepatol 75:302-310, 2021.
PubMed
8) Suzuki T, Inoue T, Matsuura K, et al:Clinical usefulness of a novel high-sensitivity hepatitis B core-related antigen assay to determine the initiation of treatment for HBV reactivation. J Gastroenterol 57:486-494, 2022.
PubMed
9) Kimura T, Rokuhara A, Sakamoto Y, et al:Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B virus core-related antigens and their correlation to virus load. J Clin Microbiol 40:439-445, 2002.
PubMed
10) Rokuhara A, Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, et al:Clinical evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B virus core-related antigen; a marker distinct from viral DNA for monitoring lamivudine treatment. J Viral Hepat 10:324-330, 2003.
PubMed
11) Suzuki F, Miyakoshi H, Kobayashi M, et al:Correlation between serum hepatitis B virus core-related antigen and intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Med Virol 81:27-33, 2009.
PubMed
12) Watanabe T, Inoue T, Tanaka Y:Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen and New Therapies for Hepatitis B. Microorganisms 9:2083, 2021.
 
13) Shinkai N, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al:Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen as predicting factor for relapse after cessation of lamivudine therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res 36:272-276, 2006.
PubMed
14) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, Suzuki F, et al:Measurement of hepatitis B virus core-related antigen is valuable for identifying patients who are at low risk of lamivudine resistance. Liver Int 26:90-96, 2006.
PubMed
15) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A:Guidelines for avoiding risks resulting from discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 44:1-8, 2014. (DOI:10. 1111/hepr. 12108)
 
16) Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, et al:HBcrAg predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development:An analysis using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics. J Hepatol 65:48-56, 2016.
PubMed
17) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Hsu CY, et al:High Level of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection of Intermediate Viral Load. Gastroenterology 157:1518-1529. e3, 2019.
 
18) Tseng TC, Hosaka T, Liu CJ, et al:Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Stratifies the Risk of Liver Cancer in HBeAg-Negative Patients With Indeterminate Phase. Am J Gastroenterol 117:748-757, 2022.
PubMed
19) Honda M, Shirasaki T, Terashima T, et al:Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Core-Related Antigen During Nucleos(t)ide Analog Therapy Is Related to Intra-hepatic HBV Replication and Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Infect Dis 213:1096-1106, 2016.
PubMed
20) Kumada T, Toyoda H, Tada T, et al:Effect of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy on hepatocarcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis B patients:a propensity score analysis. J Hepatol 58:427-433, 2013.
 
21) Liang LY, Wong VW, Toyoda H, et al:Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. J Gastroenterol 55:899-908, 2020.
PubMed
22) Cheung KS, Seto WK, Wong DK, et al:Relationship between HBsAg, HBcrAg and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with undetectable HBV DNA under nucleos(t)ide therapy. J Viral Hepat 24:654-661, 2017.
PubMed
23) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Imaizumi M, et al:Potential of ultra-highly sensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface and core-related antigens in patients with or without development of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. Hepatol Res 51:426-435, 2021.
PubMed
24) Hagiwara S, Kusumoto S, Inoue T, et al:Management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with resolved HBV infection based on a highly sensitive HB core-related antigen assay. Hepatol Res 52:745-753, 2022.
PubMed

V 各論

P.98 掲載の参考文献
1) Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al:Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359-362, 1989.
 
2) Kuo G, Choo QL, Alter HJ, et al:An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 244:362-364, 1989.
 
3) World Health Organization:Hepatitis C. (Global Alert and Response, 2002) , World Health Organization, Geneva, 2002.
 
4) WHO:Global Hepatitis Report, 2017. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2017.
 
5) Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, et al:Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol 61:S45-S57, 2014.
PubMed
6) WHO:Hepatitis C. [https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c]
 
7) World Health Organization:Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240027077]
 
8) Tanaka J, Kumagai J, Katayama K, et al:Sex- and age-specific carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses in Japan estimated by the prevalence in the 3,485,648 first-time blood donors during 1995-2000. Intervirology 47:32-40, 2004.
 
9) Tanaka J, Koyama T, Mizui M, et al:Total numbers of undiagnosed carriers of hepatitis C and B viruses in Japan estimated by age- and area-specific prevalence on the national scale. Intervirology 54:185-195, 2011.
 
10) Tanaka J, Akita T, Ohisa M, et al:Trends in the total numbers of HBV and HCV carriers in Japan from 2000 to 2011. J Viral Hepat 25:363-372, 2018.
PubMed
11) Ko K, Akita T, Satake M, et al:Epidemiology of viral hepatitis C:Road to elimination in Japan. Glob Health Med 3:262-269, 2021.
PubMed
12) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
13) Polaris Observatory HCV Collaborators:Global change in hepatitis C virus prevalence and cascade of care between 2015 and 2020:a modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:396-415, 2022.
PubMed
14) 医薬品販売実績データベース(IQVIA)に基づく肝炎治療の実態把握と課題の抽出(研究代表者:田中純子), 厚生労働科学研究費補助金(肝炎等克服政策研究事業)令和4年度報告書「肝炎ウイルス感染状況の把握及び肝炎ウイルス排除への方策に資する疫学研究」, 2022.
 
15) Do SH, Yamada H, Fujimoto M, et al:High prevalences of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults living in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. Hepatol Res 45:259-268, 2015.
 
16) Matsuo J, Do SH, Yamamoto C, et al:Clustering infection of hepatitis B virus genotype B4 among residents in Vietnam, and its genomic characters both intra- and extra-family PLoS One 12:e0177248, 2017.
PubMed
17) Yamada H, Fujimoto M, Svay S, et al:Seroprevalence, genotypic distribution and potential risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among adults in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Hepatol Res 45:480-487, 2015.
 
18) Ork V, Woodring J, Hossain MD, et al:Hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence among pre- and post-vaccine cohorts in Cambodia, 2017. Vaccine 37:5059-5066, 2019.
 
19) E B, Ko K, Nagashima S, et al:Dried blood spot-based detection of serological profiles of hepatitis B and C infections and their prevalence in Cambodia. GastroHep 3:247-253, 2021.
 
20) Lingani M, Akita T, Ouoba S, et al:The changing epidemiology of hepatitis B and C infections in Nanoro, rural Burkina Faso:a random sampling survey. BMC Infect Dis 20:46, 2020.
 
21) Hussain MRA, Hiebert L, Sugiyama A, et al:Effect of COVID-19 on hepatitis B and C virus countermeasures:Hepatologist responses from nationwide survey in Japan. Hepatol Res 52:899-907, 2022.
 
P.104 掲載の参考文献
1) 国立感染症研究所:急性C型肝炎 2006年4月～2020年10月. 病原微生物検出情報 (月報) 42:1-2, 2021.
 
2) Terrault NA, Dodge JL, Murphy EL, et al:Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among monogamous heterosexual couples:the HCV partners study. Hepatology 57:881-889, 2013.
PubMed
3) Vandelli C, Renzo F, Romano L, et al:Lack of evidence of sexual transmission of hepatitis C among monogamous couples:results of a 10-year prospective follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol 99:855-859, 2004.
PubMed
4) Nakashima K, Kashiwagi S, Hayashi J, et al:Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus among female prostitutes and patients with sexually transmitted diseases in Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Am J Epidemiol 136:1132-1137, 1992.
PubMed
5) Ryerson AB, Schillie S, Barker LK, et al:Vital Signs:Newly Reported Acute and Chronic Hepatitis C Cases-United States, 2009-2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 69:399-404, 2020.
PubMed
6) 嶋根卓也, 邱 冬梅, 和田 清:薬物使用に関する全国住民調査(2017年). 厚生労働科学研究費補助金(医薬品・医療機器等レギュラトリーサイエンス政策研究事業)「薬物乱用・依存状況等のモニタリング調査と薬物依存症者・家族に対する回復支援に関する研究」平成29年度 総括・分担研究報告書(研究代表者:嶋根卓也), p7-148, 国立精神・神経医療研究センター 精神保健研究所, 2018.
 
7) 松本俊彦, 伊藤 翼, 高野 歩, ほか:全国の精神科医療施設における薬物関連精神疾患の実態調査. 厚生労働科学研究費補助金(医薬品・医療機器等レギュラトリーサイエンス政策研究事業「危険ドラッグを含む薬物乱用・依存状況の実態把握と薬物依存症者の社会復帰に向けた支援に関する研究」(研究代表者:嶋根卓也)平成28年度 総括・分担研究報告書, p101-136, 国立精神・神経医療研究センター精神保健研究所, 2017.
 
8) 和田 清, 嶋根卓也, 合川勇三, ほか:薬物乱用・依存者におけるHIV感染と行動のモニタリングに関する研究(2017年), 平成29度厚生労働科学研究費補助金(エイズ対策政策研究事業), 2018.
 
9) Jones CM, Olsen EO, O'Donnell J, et al:Resurgent Methamphetamine Use at Treatment Admission in the United States, 2008-2017. Am J Public Health 110:509-516, 2020.
PubMed
10) 田尻 仁, 久保隆彦, 藤沢知雄, ほか:C型肝炎母子感染小児の診療ガイドライン(日本小児栄養消化器肝臓学会, 日本小児感染症学会, 日本肝臓学会, 日本産婦人科学会 編). 日本小児栄養消化器肝臓学会雑誌 34:95-121, 2020.
 
11) Ohto H, Terazawa S, Sasaki N, et al:Transmission of hepatitis C virus from mothers to infants. The vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus collaborative group. N Engl J Med 330:744-750, 1994.
 
12) Grebely J, Page K, Sacks-Davis R, et al:The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infectionw. Hepatology 59:109-120, 2014.
 
13) Ruiz-Extremera A, Munoz-Gamez JA, Salmeron-Ruiz MA, et al:Genetic variation in interleukin 28B with respect to vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus and spontaneous clearance in HCV-infected children. Hepatology 53:1830-1838, 2011.
PubMed
P.111 掲載の参考文献
1) 樋口 進:物質使用症又は嗜癖行動症群. 精神神経誌 124:877-884, 2022.
 
2) 花ノ木まどか, 加賀谷有行, 古庄立弥, ほか:当院における薬物依存症患者に対するせりがや覚せい剤再使用予防プログラム(SMARPP)の経験. 広島医学 71:527-530, 2018.
 
3) 松本俊彦(研究分担者):令和2年度厚生労働行政推進調査事業費補助金(医薬品・医療機器等レギュラトリーサイエンス政策研究事業)分担報告書 全国の精神科医療施設における薬物関連精神疾患の実態調査, 2021. [https://www.ncnp.go.jp/nimh/yakubutsu/report/pdf/J_NMHS_2020.pdf]
 
4) エドワード・J・カンツィアン, マーク・J・アルバニーズ(著), 松本俊彦(訳):トラウマと自己治療仮説. 人はなぜ依存症になるのか-自己治療としてのアディクション, p93-103, 星和書店, 2013.
 
5) 松本俊彦:物質使用障害とトラウマ. 臨床精神医学 47:799-804, 2018.
Medical*Online
6) 麻薬・覚醒剤行政の概況(2022年12月)(厚生労働省医薬・生活衛生局監視指導・麻薬対策課), 2022.
 
7) 津久江一郎:覚せい剤・有機溶剤中毒に対する救急処置. 精神科 MOOK Vol.20 精神科救急医療(山崎敏雄 編), p185-199, 金原出版, 1988.
 
8) Matsumoto T, Kamijo A, Miyakawa T, et al:Methamphetamine in Japan:the consequences of methamphetamine abuse as a function of route of administration. Addiction 97:809-817, 2002.
PubMed
9) 田中栄司, 山田修平:覚醒剤常用者と HCV 感染. 日本臨牀 53(増刊号 4:分子肝炎ウイルス病学):465-467, 1995.
 
10) 市村 宏, 今西二郎, 栗村 統, ほか:静注薬物常用者における血液媒介性ウィルスの浸淫状況. 臨床とウィルス 23:160-164, 1995.
 
11) Kagaya A, Nagaoki Y, Shimura S, et al:A single site study to investigate the current prevalence of anti-Hepatitis C virus antibody among substance use disorder patients in Hiroshima-Insufficient testing and diagnosis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep, 2023. (DOI:10.1002/npr2.12346)
 
12) 田中純子, 杉山 文, 加賀谷有行, ほか:厚生労働科学研究費補助金(肝炎等克服政策事業) 令和3年度研究報告書「肝炎ウィルス感染状況の把握及び肝炎ウィルス排除への方策に資する疫学研究」薬物乱用者集団における肝炎ウイルス感染状況に関する血清疫学調査研究. [https://mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp/system/files/report_pdf/202121002A-buntan9.pdf]
 
13) 依存症対策全国センター:薬物使用による健康のリスク-薬物使用に関する健康問題:HIV感染症およびC型肝炎. [https://www.ncasa-japan.jp/understand/drug/risk]
 
14) American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Infectious Diseases Society of America, HCV guidance:Recommendations for testing, managing, and treating hepatitis C:Key Populations:Identification and Management of HCV in People Who Inject Drugs. [https://www.hcvguidelines.org/unique-populations/pwid]
 
15) Tamori A, Uchida-Kobayashi S, Kozuka R, et al:High dropout rate from aftercare program of antihepatitis C therapy for patients with history of injection drug use. JGH Open 4:964-969, 2020.
PubMed
16) 松本俊彦:ハームリダクションとは何か?-その理念と意義, わが国での実施. 日本医事新報(5081):18-30, 2021.
Medical*Online
17) SMARPP-24 物質使用障害治療プログラム[改訂版](松本俊彦, 今村扶美, 近藤あゆみ 監), 金剛出版, 2022.
 
P.117 掲載の参考文献
1) Baumert TF, Fauvelle C, Chen DY, et al:A prophylactic hepatitis C virus vaccine:a distant peak still worth climbing. J Hepatol 61:S34-S44, 2014.
PubMed
2) Rosenberg BR, Depla M, Freije CA, et al:Longitudinal transcriptomic characterization of the immune response to acute hepatitis C virus infection in patients with spontaneous viral clearance. PLoS Pathog 14:e1007290, 2018.
PubMed
3) Yoshio S, Kanto T, Kuroda S, et al:Human blood dendritic cell antigen 3 (BDCA3)+dendritic cells are a potent producer of interferon-λ in response to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 57:1705-1715, 2013.
 
4) Wolski D, Foote PK, Chen DY, et al:Early Transcriptional Divergence Marks Virus-Specific Primary Human CD8+ T Cells in Chronic versus Acute Infection. Immunity 47:648-663. e8, 2017.
 
5) Salimi Alizei E, Hofmann M, Thimme R, et al:Mutational escape from cellular immunity in viral hepatitis:variations on a theme. Curr Opin Virol 50:110-118, 2021.
PubMed
6) Cai C, Samir J, Pirozyan MR, et al:Identification of human progenitors of exhausted CD8+ T cells associated with elevated IFN-γ response in early phase of viral infection. Nat Commun 13:7543, 2022.
 
7) Kinchen VJ, Zahid MN, Flyak AI, et al:Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Mediated Clearance of Human Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Cell Host Microbe 24:717-730. e5, 2018.
 
8) Nishio A, Hasan S, Park H, et al:Serum neutralization activity declines but memory B cells persist after cure of chronic hepatitis C. Nat Commun 13:5446, 2022.
PubMed
9) Mazouz S, Salinas E, Bedard N, et al:Differential immune transcriptomic profiles between vaccinated and resolved HCV reinfected subjects. PLoS Pathog 18:e1010968, 2022.
PubMed
10) Hlady RA, Zhao X, El Khoury LY, et al:Interferon drives HCV scarring of the epigenome and creates targetable vulnerabilities following viral clearance. Hepatology 75:983-996, 2022.
PubMed
11) Yates KB, Tonnerre P, Martin GE, et al:Epigenetic scars of CD8+ T cell exhaustion persist after cure of chronic infection in humans. Nat Immunol 22:1020-1029, 2021.
PubMed
12) Oltmanns C, Liu Z, Mischke J, et al:Reverse inflammaging:Long-term effects of HCV cure on biological age. J Hepatol 78:90-98, 2023.
 
13) Frumento N, Figueroa A, Wang T, et al:Repeated exposure to heterologous hepatitis C viruses associates with enhanced neutralizing antibody breadth and potency. J Clin Invest 132:e160058, 2022.
PubMed
14) Page K, Melia MT, Veenhuis RT, et al:Randomized Trial of a Vaccine Regimen to Prevent Chronic HCV Infection. N Engl J Med 384:541-549, 2021.
PubMed
15) Barnes E, Cooke GS, Lauer GM, et al:Implementation of a Controlled Human Infection Model for Evaluation of HCV Vaccine Candidates. Hepatology 77:1757-1772, 2023.
PubMed
P.120 掲載の参考文献
1) Sakai A, Claire MS, Faulk K, et al:The p7 polypeptide of hepatitis C virus is critical for infectivity and contains functionally important genotype-specific sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11646-11651, 2003.
PubMed
2) Lohmann V, Korner F, Koch J, et al:Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line. Science 285:110-113, 1999.
 
3) De Francesco R, Migliaccio G:Challenges and successes in developing new therapies for hepatitis C. Nature 436:953-960, 2005.
PubMed
4) Gao B, Hong F, Radaeva S:Host factors and failure of interferon-alpha treatment in hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 39:880-890, 2004.
 
5) Shimakami T, Hijikata M, Luo H, et al:Effect of interaction between hepatitis C virus NS5A and NS5B on hepatitis C virus RNA replication with the hepatitis C virus replicon. J Virol 78:2738-2748, 2004.
 
P.127 掲載の参考文献
1) Cacoub P, Saadoun D:Extrahepatic Manifestations of Chronic HCV Infection. N Engl J Med 384:1038-1052, 2021.
PubMed
2) Calvaruso V, Craxi A:Hepatic benefits of HCV cure. J Hepatol 73:1548-1556, 2020.
 
3) Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, et al:Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma:analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 12:671-675, 1990.
PubMed
4) Shiratori Y, Imazeki F, Moriyama M, et al:Histologic improvement of fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who have sustained response to interferon therapy. Ann Intern Med 132:517-524, 2000.
PubMed
5) Poynard T, McHutchison J, Manns M, et al:Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 122:1303-1313, 2002.
PubMed
6) Morgan RL, Baack B, Smith BD, et al:Eradication of hepatitis C virus infection and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Intern Med 158:329-337, 2013.
PubMed
7) Reig M, Marino Z, Perello C, et al:Unexpected high rate of early tumor recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy. J Hepatol 65:719-726, 2016.
PubMed
8) Alberti A, Piovesan S:Increased incidence of liver cancer after successful DAA treatment of chronic hepatitis C:Fact or fiction? Liver Int 37:802-808, 2017.
PubMed
9) Singal AG, Rich NE, Mehta N, et al:Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy Not Associated With Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Multicenter North American Cohort Study. Gastroenterology 156:1683-1692. e1, 2019.
 
10) Ioannou GN, Feld JJ:What Are the Benefits of a Sustained Virologic Response to Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection? Gastroenterology 156:446-460. e2, 2019.
 
11) Nagata H, Nakagawa M, Asahina Y, et al:Effect of interferon-based and -free therapy on early occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 67:933-939, 2017.
 
12) Sapena V, Enea M, Torres F, et al:Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after direct-acting antiviral therapy:an individual patient data meta-analysis. Gut 71:593-604, 2022.
PubMed
13) Roguljic H, Nincevic V, Bojanic K, et al:Impact of DAA Treatment on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Chronic HCV Infection:An Update. Front Pharmacol 12:678546, 2021.
PubMed
14) Hashimoto S, Yatsuhashi H, Abiru S, et al:Rapid Increase in Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration during Hepatitis C Interferon-Free Treatment. PLoS One 11:e0163644, 2016.
PubMed
15) Butt AA, Yan P, Shuaib A, et al:Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for HCV Infection Is Associated With a Reduced Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Events. Gastroenterology 156:987-996. e8, 2019.
 
16) Adinolfi LE, Petta S, Fracanzani AL, et al:Impact of hepatitis C virus clearance by direct-acting antiviral treatment on the incidence of major cardiovascular events:A prospective multicentre study. Atherosclerosis 296:40-47, 2020.
PubMed
17) Krassenburg LAP, Maan R, Ramji A, et al:Clinical outcomes following DAA therapy in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis depend on disease severity. J Hepatol 74:1053-1063, 2021.
PubMed
18) D'Ambrosio R, Degasperi E, Anolli MP, et al:Incidence of liver- and non-liver-related outcomes in patients with HCV-cirrhosis after SVR. J Hepatol 76:302-310, 2022.
PubMed
19) Tahata Y, Hikita H, Mochida S, et al:Liver-related events after direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 57:120-132, 2022.
PubMed
20) Nakagawa M, Asahina Y, Kakinuma S, et al:Impact of eradication of hepatitis C virus on liver-related and-unrelated diseases:morbidity and mortality of chronic hepatitis C after SVR. J Gastroenterol 58:299-310, 2023.
PubMed
21) Nakagawa M, Nawa N, Takeichi E, et al:Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer as a novel predictive biomarker for patient survival after hepatitis C virus eradication by DAAs. J Gastroenterol 55:990-999, 2020.
 
22) Kawagishi N, Suda G, Kimura M, et al:High serum angiopoietin-2 level predicts non-regression of liver stiffness measurement-based liver fibrosis stage after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 50:671-681, 2020.
PubMed
23) Kawagishi N, Suda G, Kimura M, et al:Baseline elevated serum angiopoietin-2 predicts long-term non-regression of liver fibrosis after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. Sci Rep 11:9207, 2021.
PubMed
24) Tahata Y, Sakamori R, Yamada R, et al:Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virologic response in hepatitis C virus patients without advanced liver fibrosis. Hepatol Res 52:824-832, 2022.
PubMed
25) Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Yasui Y, et al:Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Assessment for Patients With Advanced Fibrosis After Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus. Hepatol Commun 6:461-472, 2022.
PubMed
P.132 掲載の参考文献
1) Teraoka Y, Uchida T, Imamura M, et al:Prevalence of NS5A resistance associated variants in NS5A inhibitor treatment failures and an effective treatment for NS5A-P32 deleted hepatitis C virus in humanized mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 500:152-157, 2018.
 
2) Itakura J, Kurosaki M, Hasebe C, et al:Complex Pattern of Resistance-Associated Substitutions of Hepatitis C Virus after Daclatasvir/Asunaprevir Treatment Failure. PLoS One 11:e0165339, 2016.
PubMed
3) Yoshimi S, Imamura M, Murakami E, et al:Long term persistence of NS5A inhibitor-resistant hepatitis C virus in patients who failed daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy. J Med Virol 87:1913-1920, 2015.
PubMed
4) Hikita H, Takehara T:NS5A-P32 Deletion in Hepatitis C Genotype 1b Infection is the Most Refractory Treatment-Mediated Amino Acid Change Exhibiting Resistance to all NS5A Inhibitors. Semin Liver Dis 40:143-153, 2020.
PubMed
5) Krishnan P, Schnell G, Tripathi R, et al:Integrated Resistance Analysis of CERTAIN-1 and CERTAIN-2 Studies in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients Receiving Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62:e02217-17, 2018.
PubMed
6) Ng TI, Krishnan P, Pilot-Matias T, et al:In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Resistance Profile of the Next-Generation Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor Pibrentasvir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 61:e02558-16, 2017.
PubMed
7) Kumada H, Watanabe T, Suzuki F, et al:Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in HCV-infected Japanese patients with prior DAA experience, severe renal impairment, or genotype 3infection. J Gastroenterol 53:566-575, 2018.
 
8) Osawa M, Imamura M, Teraoka Y, et al:Real-world efficacy of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir for chronic hepatitis C patient with previous direct-acting antiviral therapy failures. J Gastroenterol 54:291-296, 2019.
PubMed
9) Sezaki H, Suzuki F, Hosaka T, et al:Initial- and re-treatment effectiveness of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir for Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis C virus-genotype 1/2/3 infections. J Gastroenterol 54:916-927, 2019.
PubMed
10) Uemura H, Uchida Y, Kouyama JI, et al:NS5A-P32 deletion as a factor involved in virologic failure in patients receiving glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. J Gastroenterol 54:459-470, 2019.
PubMed
11) Izumi N, Takehara T, Chayama K, et al:Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir plus ribavirin in Japanese patients with genotype 1 or 2 hepatitis C who failed direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Int 12:356-367, 2018.
PubMed
12) C型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第8.2版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2023.
 
13) Takaki S, Imamura M, Yamaguchi S, et al:Real-word efficacy of sofosbuvir, velpatasvir plus ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis patients who failed to prior DAA therapy with NS5A-P32 deletion mutated HCV infection. Clin J Gastroenterol 13:1233-1238, 2020.
PubMed
P.137 掲載の参考文献
1) Nakagawa M, Asahina Y, Kakinuma S, et al:Impact of eradication of hepatitis C virus on liver-related and-unrelated diseases:morbidity and mortality of chronic hepatitis C after SVR. J Gastroenterol 58:299-310, 2023.
PubMed
2) Takehara T, Sakamoto N, Nishiguchi S, et al:Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir with or without ribavirin in HCV-infected Japanese patients with decompensated cirrhosis:an open-label phase 3 trial. J Gastroenterol 54:87-95, 2019.
PubMed
3) European Association for the Study of the Liver; Clinical Practice Guidelines Panel:EASL recommendations on treatment of hepatitis C:Final update of the series. J Hepatol 73:1170-1218, 2020.
 
4) Ghany MG, Morgan TR; AASLD-IDSA Hepatitis C Guidance Panel:Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 Update:American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases-Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Hepatology 71:686-721, 2020.
 
5) Omata M, Kanda T, Wei L, et al:APASL consensus statements and recommendations for hepatitis C prevention, epidemiology, and laboratory testing. Hepatol Int 10:681-701, 2016.
PubMed
6) Tahata Y, Hikita H, Mochida S, et al:Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir treatment for hepatitis C virus in patients with decompensated cirrhosis:a Japanese real-world multicenter study. J Gastroenterol 56:67-77, 2021.
PubMed
7) El-Sherif O, Jiang ZG, Tapper EB, et al:Baseline Factors Associated With Improvements in Decompensated Cirrhosis After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Gastroenterology 154:2111-2121. e8, 2018.
 
8) Verna EC, Morelli G, Terrault NA, et al:DAA therapy and long-term hepatic function in advanced/decompensated cirrhosis:Real-world experience from HCV-TARGET cohort. J Hepatol 73:540-548, 2020.
PubMed
9) Sano T, Amano K, Ide T, et al:A combination of hepatic encephalopathy and body mass index was associated with the point of no return for improving liver functional reserve after sofosbuvir/velpatasvir treatment in patients with hepatitis C virus-related decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 53:26-34, 2023.
PubMed
10) Katoh R, Maekawa S, Osawa L, et al:Significance of serum IP-10/CXCL10 measurement in predicting post-direct acting antiviral treatment liver function in patients with HCV-decompensated liver cirrhosis. Hepatol Res 53:280-288, 2023.
PubMed
11) Tahata Y, Hikita H, Mochida S, et al:Liver-related events after direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol 57:120-132, 2022.
PubMed
12) Krassenburg LAP, Maan R, Ramji A, et al:Clinical outcomes following DAA therapy in patients with HCV-related cirrhosis depend on disease severity. J Hepatol 74:1053-1063, 2021.
PubMed
13) Pageaux GP, Nzinga CL, Ganne N, et al:Clinical outcomes after treatment with direct antiviral agents:beyond the virological response in patients with previous HCV-related decompensated cirrhosis. BMC Infect Dis 22:94, 2022.
PubMed
14) Lens S, Baiges A, Alvarado-Tapias E, et al:Clinical outcome and hemodynamic changes following HCV eradication with oral antiviral therapy in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension. J Hepatol 73:1415-1424, 2020.
PubMed
15) Tsuji S, Uchida Y, Uemura H, et al:Involvement of portosystemic shunts in impaired improvement of liver function after direct-acting antiviral therapies in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus. Hepatol Res 50:512-523, 2020.
PubMed
16) Kumada T, Toyoda H, Yasuda S, et al:Comparison of the Prognosis of Decompensated Cirrhosis in Patients with and Without Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus. Infect Dis Ther 10:1001-1013, 2021.
PubMed
P.142 掲載の参考文献
1) Conjeevaram HS, Fried MW, Jeffers LJ, et al:Peginterferon and ribavirin treatment in African American and Caucasian American patients with hepatitis C genotype 1. Gastroenterology 131:470-477, 2006.
PubMed
2) Ge D, Fellay J, Thompson AJ, et al:Genetic variation in IL28B predicts hepatitis C treatment-induced viral clearance. Nature 461:399-401, 2009.
PubMed
3) Suppiah V, Moldovan M, Ahlenstiel G, et al:IL28B is associated with response to chronic hepatitis C interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy. Nat Genet 41:1100-1104, 2009.
PubMed
4) Tanaka Y, Nishida N, Sugiyama M, et al:Genome-wide association of IL28B with response to pegylated interferon-alpha and ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Nat Genet 41:1105-1109, 2009.
PubMed
5) Thomas DL, Thio CL, Martin MP, et al:Genetic variation in IL28B and spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nature 461:798-801, 2009.
PubMed
6) Hayes CN, Kobayashi M, Akuta N, et al:HCV substitutions and IL28B polymorphisms on outcome of peg-interferon plus ribavirin combination therapy. Gut 60:261-267, 2011.
PubMed
7) McCarthy JJ, Li JH, Thompson A, et al:Replicated association between an IL28B gene variant and a sustained response to pegylated interferon and ribavirin. Gastroenterology 138:2307-2314, 2010.
 
8) Lindh M, Lagging M, Arnholm B, et al:IL28B polymorphisms determine early viral kinetics and treatment outcome in patients receiving peginterferon/ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1. J Viral Hepat 18:e325-331, 2011.
PubMed
9) Naggie S, Osinusi A, Katsounas A, et al:Dysregulation of innate immunity in hepatitis C virus genotype 1 IL28B-unfavorable genotype patients:impaired viral kinetics and therapeutic response. Hepatology 56:444-454, 2012.
PubMed
10) Hayes CN, Imamura M, Aikata H, et al:Genetics of IL28B and HCV--response to infection and treatment. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 9:406-417, 2012.
PubMed
11) Prokunina-Olsson L, Muchmore B, Tang W, et al:A variant upstream of IFNL3 (IL28B) creating a new interferon gene IFNL4 is associated with impaired clearance of hepatitis C virus. Nat Genet 45:164-171, 2013.
PubMed
12) Fellay J, Thompson AJ, Ge D, et al:ITPA gene variants protect against anaemia in patients treated for chronic hepatitis C. Nature 464:405-408, 2010.
PubMed
13) Ochi H, Maekawa T, Abe H, et al:ITPA polymorphism affects ribavirin-induced anemia and outcomes of therapy--a genome-wide study of Japanese HCV virus patients. Gastroenterology 139:1190-1197, 2010.
PubMed
14) Hitomi Y, Cirulli ET, Fellay J, et al:Inosine triphosphate protects against ribavirin-induced adenosine triphosphate loss by adenylosuccinate synthase function. Gastroenterology 140:1314-1321, 2011.
 
15) Nystrom K, Wanrooij PH, Waldenstrom J, et al:Inosine Triphosphate Pyrophosphatase Dephosphorylates Ribavirin Triphosphate and Reduced Enzymatic Activity Potentiates Mutagenesis in Hepatitis C Virus. J Virol 92:e01087-18, 2018.
PubMed
P.150 掲載の参考文献
1) Uchida Y, Kouyama JI, Naiki K, et al:"Reversi-type virologic failure" involved in the development of non-structural protein 5A resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C carrying no signature RAVs at baseline. Hepatol Res 47:1397-1407, 2017.
PubMed
2) Uchida Y, Kouyama JI, Naiki K, et al:Development of rare resistance-associated variants that are extremely tolerant against NS5A inhibitors during daclatasvir/asunaprevir therapy by a two-hit mechanism. Hepatol Res 46:1234-1246, 2016.
PubMed
3) Krishnan P, Schnell G, Tripathi R, et al:Integrated Resistance Analysis of CERTAIN-1 and CERTAIN-2 Studies in Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patients Receiving Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir in Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62:e02217-17, 2018.
PubMed
4) Osawa M, Imamura M, Teraoka Y, et al:Real-world efficacy of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir for chronic hepatitis C patient with previous direct-acting antiviral therapy failures. J Gastroenterol 54:291-296, 2019.
PubMed
5) Uemura H, Uchida Y, Kouyama JI, et al:NS5A-P32 deletion as a factor involved in virologic failure in patients receiving glecaprevir and pibrentasvir. J Gastroenterol 54:459-470, 2019.
PubMed
6) Kurata H, Uchida Y, Kouyama JI, et al:Chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus showing a discrepancy between serogroup and genotype because of intergenotypic 2b/1b recombination:A pitfall in antiviral therapy with direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Res 48:E372-E378, 2018.
PubMed
7) Itakura J, Kurosaki M, Hasebe C, et al:Complex Pattern of Resistance-Associated Substitutions of Hepatitis C Virus after Daclatasvir/Asunaprevir Treatment Failure. PLoS One 11:e0165339, 2016.
PubMed
8) Teraoka Y, Uchida T, Imamura M, et al:Prevalence of NS5A resistance associated variants in NS5A inhibitor treatment failures and an effective treatment for NS5A-P32 deleted hepatitis C virus in humanized mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 500:152-157, 2018.
 
9) Doi A, Hikita H, Sakamori R, et al:Nonstructural protein 5A/P32 deletion after failure of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection. Hepatology 68:380-383, 2018.
PubMed
10) Penin F, Brass V, Appel N, et al:Structure and function of the membrane anchor domain of hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A. J Biol Chem 279:40835-40843, 2004.
PubMed
11) Tellinghuisen TL, Marcotrigiano J, Rice CM:Structure of the zinc-binding domain of an essential component of the hepatitis C virus replicase. Nature 435:374-379, 2005.
PubMed
12) Love RA, Brodsky O, Hickey MJ, et al:Crystal structure of a novel dimeric form of NS5A domain I protein from hepatitis C virus. J Virol 83:4395-4403, 2009.
 
13) Lambert SM, Langley DR, Garnett JA, et al:The crystal structure of NS5A domain 1 from genotype 1a reveals new clues to the mechanism of action for dimeric HCV inhibitors. Protein Sci 23:723-734, 2014
 
P.156 掲載の参考文献
1) Lombardi A, Colaneri M, Vijayagopal KA, et al:Patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving treatment with direct acting antivirals:How is this population changing? Dig Liver Dis 53:456-460, 2021.
 
2) Ikeda K, Saitoh S, Arase Y, et al:Effect of interferon therapy on hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis type C:A long-term observation study of 1,643 patients using statistical bias correction with proportional hazard analysis. Hepatology 29:1124-1130, 1999.
 
3) Nagata H, Nakagawa M, Asahina Y, et al:Effect of interferon-based and-free therapy on early occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. J Hepatol 67:933-939, 2017.
 
4) Asahina Y, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki N, et al:Effect of aging on risk for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 52:518-527, 2010.
PubMed
5) Nakajima T, Karino Y, Hige S, et al:Aging impairs fibrosis-4 index after sustained virologic response by direct-acting antivirals in chronic hepatitis C infection. Ann Hepatol 27:100566, 2022.
PubMed
6) Sicras Mainar A, Navarro Artieda R, Hernandez I, et al:Prevalence of the potential drug-drug interactions between pangenotypic direct-acting antivirals and the concomitant medications associated with patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in Spain. Gastroenterol Hepatol 42:465-475, 2019.
PubMed
7) Huntley M, McCall K, Stickney K, et al:Avoidance of drug interactions with hepatitis C treatment:Evaluation of pharmacist interventions in the specialty setting. J Am Pharm Assoc 62:1671-1674, 2022.
 
8) Margusino-Framinan L, Cid-Silva P, Gimenez-Arufe V, et al:Influence of drug-drug interactions on effectiveness and safety of direct-acting antivirals against hepatitis C virus. Eur J Hosp Pharm 28:16-21, 2021.
PubMed
9) Simon MA, Rojo O, Ryan P:Patients' preferences for treatment with the new direct acting antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Rev Esp Sanid Penit 23:67-75, 2021.
PubMed
10) Durante-Mangoni E, Parrella A, Vitrone M, et al:Electrophysiological Adverse Effects of Direct Acting Antivirals in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. J Clin Pharmacol 57:924-930, 2017.
PubMed
11) Amoros-Reboredo P, Sotoca JM, Marino Z, et al:Efficacy and safety of direct-acting antivirals in older patients with cirrhosis and high comorbidity index. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 32:389-394, 2020.
PubMed
12) CKD診療ガイド 2012(日本腎臓学会 編), 東京医学社, 2012.
 
13) Komaki Y, Ozono Y, Nakamura K, et al:Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus infection aged 75 years or older. BMC Gastroenterol 22:210, 2022.
 
14) Huynh T, Hu KQ:Excellent Safety and Sustained Virologic Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals Treatment in HCV-Infected Geriatric Patients:A Real-World Data. Dig Dis Sci 66:1327-1334, 2021.
PubMed
15) Qureshi K, Petersen T, Andres J:Hepatitis C Treatment Differences in Elderly Patients:Single-Center Retrospective Study. Ann Pharmacother 54:113-121, 2020
PubMed
P.162 掲載の参考文献
1) Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, et al:Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 244:359-362, 1989.
 
2) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
3) Kiyosawa K, Sodeyama T, Tanaka E, et al:Interrelationship of blood transfusion, non-A, non-B hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma:analysis by detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus. Hepatology 12:671-675, 1990.
PubMed
4) 日本消化器病学会 肝機能研究班:肝疾患における肝炎ウイルスマーカーの選択基準(4版). 日本消化器学会雑誌 103:1403-1412, 2006.
 
5) 厚生労働省:ウイルス性肝炎患者等の重症化予防推進事業の実施について;(4)肝炎ウイルス検査の結果の判定. 健肝発 0331 第1号, 平成26年3月31日.
 
6) Pereira BJ, Levey AS:Hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis and renal transplantation. Kidney Int 51:981-999, 1997.
PubMed
7) 出口松夫, 鍵田正智, 山下順香, ほか:HCV抗体スクリーニング検査法の比較. 感染症学雑誌 76:711-720, 2002.
 
8) Aoyagi K, Ohue C, Iida K, et al:Development of a simple and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis C virus core antigen. J Clin Microbiol 37:1802-1808, 1999.
PubMed
P.168 掲載の参考文献
1) 日本超音波医学会 超音波エラストグラフィ診療ガイドライン:肝臓(工藤正俊, 椎名 毅, 森安史典, ほか)[https://www.jsum.or.jp/committee/diagnostic/pdf/elast_kan_ja.pdf]
 
2) Shiina T, Nightingale KR, Palmeri ML, et al:WFUMB guidelines and recommendations for clinical use of ultrasound elastography:Part 1:basic principles and terminology. Ultrasound Med Biol 41:1126-1147, 2015.
PubMed
3) European Association for Study of Liver; Asociacion Latinoamericana para el Estudio del Higado:EASL-ALEH Clinical Practice Guidelines:Non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis. J Hepatol 63:237-264, 2015.
 
4) Barr RG, Wilson SR, Rubens D, et al:Update to the Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Liver Elastography Consensus Statement. Radiology 296:263-274, 2020.
 
5) Cassinotto C, Lapuyade B, Mouries A, et al:Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis with impulse elastography:comparison of Supersonic Shear Imaging with ARFI and FibroScan. J Hepatol 61:550-557, 2014.
PubMed
6) Iijima H, Tada T, Kumada T, et al:Comparison of liver stiffness assessment by transient elastography and shear wave elastography using six ultrasound devices. Hepatol Res 49:676-686, 2019.
PubMed
7) Broquetas T, Herruzo-Pino P, Marino Z, et al:Elastography is unable to exclude cirrhosis after sustained virological response in HCV-infected patients with advanced chronic liver disease. Liver Int 41:2733-2746, 2021.
PubMed
8) Masuzaki R, Tateishi R, Yoshida H, et al:Prospective risk assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis C by transient elastography. Hepatology 49:1954-1961, 2009.
PubMed
9) Tada T, Nishimura T, Matono T, et al:Association of liver stiffness and steatosis with hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis C virus infection who received direct-acting antiviral therapy and achieved sustained virological response. Hepatol Res 51:860-869, 2021.
PubMed
10) Tachi Y, Hirai T, Kojima Y, et al:Liver stiffness measurement predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. JGH Open 1:44-49, 2017.
PubMed
11) Gyotoku Y, Shirahashi R, Suda T, et al:Role of liver stiffness measurements in patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma after clearance of the hepatitis C virus. J Med Ultrason(2001) 49:253-259, 2022.
PubMed
12) de Franchis R, Bosch J, Garcia-Tsao G, et al:Baveno VII-Renewing consensus in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 76:959-974, 2022.
PubMed
13) Semmler G, Lens S, Meyer EL, et al:Non-invasive tests for clinically significant portal hypertension after HCV cure. J Hepatol 77:1573-1585, 2022.
 
14) 舟山 慧, 本杉宇太郎:MRエラストグラフィによる肝線維化診断. 日本消化器病学会雑誌 117:43-51, 2020.
Medical*Online
15) Venkatesh SK, Yin M, Ehman RL:Magnetic resonance elastography of liver:technique, analysis. and clinical applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 37:544-555, 2013.
PubMed
16) Wagner M, Corcuera-Solano I, Lo G, et al:Technical Failure of MR Elastography Examinations of the Liver:Experience from a Large Single-Center Study. Radiology 284:401-412, 2017.
PubMed
17) Wang J, Glaser KJ, Zhang T, et al:Assessment of advanced hepatic MR elastography methods for susceptibility artifact suppression in clinical patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 47:976-987, 2018.
PubMed
18) Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, et al:Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology 135:32-40, 2008.
PubMed
19) Wang QB, Zhu H, Liu HL, et al:Performance of magnetic resonance elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging for the staging of hepatic fibrosis:A meta-analysis. Hepatology 56:239-247, 2012.
PubMed
20) Ozturk A, Olson MC, Samir AR, et al:Liver fibrosis assessment:MR and US elastography. Abdom Radiol (NY) 47:3037-3050, 2022.
 
21) Loomba R, Cui J, Wolfson T, et al:Novel 3D Magnetic Resonance Elastography for the Noninvasive Diagnosis of Advanced Fibrosis in NAFLD:A Prospective Study. Am J Gastroenterol 111:986-994, 2016.
PubMed
22) Welle CL, Olson MC, Reeder SB, et al:Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Liver Fibrosis, Fat, and Iron. Radiol Clin North Am 60:705-716, 2022.
PubMed
23) Chuaypen N, Chittmittrapap S, Avihingsanon A, et al:Liver fibrosis improvement assessed by magnetic resonance elastography and Mac-2-binding protein glycosylation isomer in patients with hepatitis C virus infection receiving direct-acting antivirals. Hepatol Res 51:528-537, 2021.
PubMed
24) Shi Y, Qi YF, Lan GY, et al:Three-dimensional MR Elastography Depicts Liver Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Portal Hypertension in Chronic Hepatitis B or C. Radiology 301:154-162, 2021.
PubMed
25) Shin SU, Lee JM, Yu MH, et al:Prediction of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis:usefulness of three-dimensional MR elastography with echo-planar imaging technique. Radiology 272:143-153, 2014.
PubMed
26) Sun HY, Lee JM, Han JK, et al:Usefulness of MR elastography for predicting esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. J Magn Reson Imaging 39:559-566, 2014.
PubMed
27) Bohte AE, de Niet A, Jansen L, et al:Non-invasive evaluation of liver fibrosis:a comparison of ultrasound-based transient elastography and MR elastography in patients with viral hepatitis B and C. Eur Radiol 24:638-648, 2014.
 
28) Lefebvre T, Wartelle-Bladou C, Wong P, et al:Prospective comparison of transient, point shear wave, and magnetic resonance elastography for staging liver fibrosis. Eur Radiol 29:6477-6488, 2019.
PubMed
29) Kennedy P, Wagner M, Castera L, et al:Quantitative Elastography Methods in Liver Disease:Current Evidence and Future Directions. Radiology 286:738-763, 2018.
PubMed
30) Ferraioli G, De Silvestri A, Lissandrin R, et al:Evaluation of Inter-System Variability in Liver Stiffness Measurements. Ultraschall Med 40:64-75, 2019.
PubMed
P.175 掲載の参考文献
1) Khatun M, Ray RB:Mechanisms Underlying Hepatitis C Virus-Associated Hepatic Fibrosis. Cells 8:1249, 2019.
PubMed
2) Murawaki Y, Ikuta Y, Koda M, et al:Serum type III procollagen peptide, type IV collagen 7S domain, central triple-helix of type IV collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with chronic viral liver disease:relationship to liver histology. Hepatology 20:780-787, 1994.
PubMed
3) 上野隆登, 鳥村拓司, 犬塚貞孝, ほか:各種肝疾患における血清タイプ III プロコラーゲンNペプチド, ラミニンの変動と肝免疫組織学的検討. 肝臓 30:429-438, 1989.
 
4) Laurent TC, Laurent UB, Fraser JR:Serum hyaluronan as a disease marker. Ann Med 28:241-253, 1996.
PubMed
5) Ikeda H, Nagashima K, Yanase M, et al:Involvement of Rho/Rho kinase pathway in regulation of apoptosis in rat hepatic stellate cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285:G880-G886, 2003.
PubMed
6) Watanabe N, Ikeda H, Nakamura K, et al:Both plasma lysophosphatidic acid and serum autotaxin levels are increased in chronic hepatitis C. J Clin Gastroenterol 41:616-623, 2007.
PubMed
7) Yamazaki T, Joshita S, Umemura T, et al:Association of Serum Autotaxin Levels with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C. Sci Rep 7:46705, 2017.
PubMed
8) Kuno A, Ikehara Y, Tanaka Y, et al:A serum "sweet-doughnut" protein facilitates fibrosis evaluation and therapy assessment in patients with viral hepatitis. Sci Rep 3:1065, 2013.
PubMed
9) Yamasaki K, Tateyama M, Abiru S, et al:Elevated serum levels of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive human Mac-2 binding protein predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 60:1563-1570, 2014.
PubMed
10) Fujiyoshi M, Kuno A, Gotoh M, et al:Clinicopathological characteristics and diagnostic performance of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2-binding protein as a preoperative serum marker of liver fibrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 50:1134-1144, 2015.
PubMed
11) Nakagawa M, Nawa N, Takeichi E, et al:Mac-2 binding protein glycosylation isomer as a novel predictive biomarker for patient survival after hepatitis C virus eradication by DAAs. J Gastroenterol 55:990-999, 2020.
 
12) Shirabe K, Bekki Y, Gantumur D, et al:Mac-2 binding protein glycan isomer (M2BPGi) is a new serum biomarker for assessing liver fibrosis:more than a biomarker of liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol 53:819-826, 2018.
PubMed
13) Houot M, Ngo Y, Munteanu M, et al:Systematic review with meta-analysis:direct comparisons of biomarkers for the diagnosis of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C and B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 43:16-29, 2016.
 
14) Martinez SM, Fernandez-Varo G, Gonzalez P, et al:Assessment of liver fibrosis before and after antiviral therapy by different serum marker panels in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 33:138-148, 2011.
PubMed
15) Toyoda H, Kumada T, Tada T, et al:Risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma development in non-cirrhotic patients with sustained virologic response for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:1183-1189, 2015.
PubMed
P.181 掲載の参考文献
1) Akiba T, Hora K, Imawari M, et al:2011 Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy guidelines for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection in dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 16:289-310, 2012.
PubMed
2) Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kilpatrick RD, McAllister CJ, et al:Hepatitis C virus and death risk in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 18:1584-1593, 2007.
PubMed
3) Goodkin DA, Bragg-Gresham JL, Koenig KG, et al:Association of comorbid conditions and mortality in hemodialysis patients in Europe, Japan, and the United States:the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). J Am Soc Nephrol 14:3270-3277, 2003.
PubMed
4) C型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第8.2版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2023.
 
5) Gane E, Lawitz E, Pugatch D, et al:Glecaprevir and Pibrentasvir in Patients with HCV and Severe Renal Impairment. N Engl J Med 377:1448-1455, 2017.
PubMed
6) Kumada H, Watanabe T, Suzuki F, et al:Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir in HCV-infected Japanese patients with prior DAA experience, severe renal impairment, or genotype 3 infection. J Gastroenterol 53:566-575, 2018.
 
7) Atsukawa M, Tsubota A, Toyoda H, et al:The efficacy and safety of glecaprevir plus pibrentasvir in 141 patients with severe renal impairment:a prospective, multicenter study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49:1230-1241, 2019.
PubMed
P.185 掲載の参考文献
1) Tatsunami S, Mimaya J, Shirahata A, et al:Current status of Japanese HIV-infected patients with coagulation disorders:coinfection with both HIV and HCV. Int J Hematol 88:304-310, 2008.
PubMed
2) Ishikane M, Watanabe K, Tsukada K, et al:Acute hepatitis C in HIV-1 infected Japanese Cohort:single center retrospective cohort study. PLoS One 9:e100517, 2014.
PubMed
3) Foster AL, Gaisa MM, Hijdra RM, et al:Shedding of Hepatitis C Virus Into the Rectum of HIV-infected Men Who Have Sex With Men. Clin Infect Dis 64:284-288, 2017.
PubMed
4) Chan CP, Uemura H, Kwan TH, et al:Review on the molecular epidemiology of sexually acquired hepatitis C virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region. J Int AIDS Soc 23:e25618, 2020.
PubMed
5) Benhamou Y, Bochet M, Di Martino V, et al:Liver fibrosis progression in human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus coinfected patients. Hepatology 30:1054-1058, 1999.
PubMed
6) Sulkowski MS, Moore RD, Mehta SH, et al:Hepatitis C and progression of HIV disease. JAMA 288:199-206, 2002.
PubMed
7) Osinusi A, Townsend K, Kohli A, et al:Virologic response following combined ledipasvir and sofosbuvir administration in patients with HCV genotype 1 and HIV co-infection. JAMA 313:1232-1239, 2015.
PubMed
8) Naggie S, Cooper C, Saag M, et al:Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir for HCV in Patients Coinfected with HIV-1. N Engl J Med 373:705-713, 2015.
PubMed
9) Rockstroh JK, Lacombe K, Viani RM, et al:Efficacy and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Patients Coinfected With Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1:The EXPEDITION-2 Study. Clin Infect Dis 67:1010-1017, 2018.
PubMed
10) Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in Adults and Adolescents with HIV, Developed by the HHS Panel on Antiretroviral Guidelines for Adults and Adolescents-A Working Group of the NIH Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council (OARAC), Last Update:March 23, 2023. [https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/sites/default/files/guidelines/documents/adult-adolescent-arv/guidelines-adult-adolescent-arv.pdf]
 
11) Torriani FJ, Rodriguez-Torres M, Rockstroh JK, et al:Peginterferon Alfa-2a plus ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med 351:438-450, 2004.
PubMed
12) El-Serag HB, Kanwal F, Richardson P, et al:Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma after sustained virological response in Veterans with hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 64:130-137, 2016.
PubMed
13) Martin TC, Martin NK, Hickman M, et al:Hepatitis C virus reinfection incidence and treatment outcome among HIV-positive MSM. AIDS 27:2551-2557, 2013.
PubMed
14) Schmidt AJ, Rockstroh JK, Vogel M, et al:Trouble with bleeding:risk factors for acute hepatitis C among HIV-positive gay men from Germany-a case-control study. PLoS One 6:e17781, 2011.
 
15) Tsukada K, Sugawara Y, Kaneko J, et al:Living donor liver transplantations in HIV- and hepatitis C virus-coinfected hemophiliacs:experience in a single center. Transplantation 91:1261-1264, 2011.
 
P.191 掲載の参考文献
1) Ueda Y, Uemoto S:Interferon-Free Therapy for Hepatitis C in Liver Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 100:54-60, 2016.
PubMed
2) Akamatsu N, Sugawara Y, Kokudo N, et al:Outcomes of living donor liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus-positive recipients in Japan:results of a nationwide survey. Transpl Int 27:767-774, 2014.
PubMed
3) Ueda Y, Ikegami T, Soyama A, et al:Simeprevir or telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for recurrent hepatitis C after living-donor liver transplantation:A Japanese multicenter experience. Hepatol Res 46:1285-1293, 2016.
 
4) Ueda Y, Ikegami T, Akamatsu N, et al:Treatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir without ribavirin for 12 weeks is highly effective for recurrent hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection after living donor liver transplantation:a Japanese multicenter experience. J Gastroenterol 52:986-991, 2017.
PubMed
5) Ueda Y, Kobayashi T, Ikegami T, et al:Efficacy and safety of glecaprevir and pibrentasvir treatment for 8 or 12 weeks in patients with recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation:a Japanese multicenter experience. J Gastroenterol 54:660-666, 2019.
PubMed
6) Takehara T, Sakamoto N, Nishiguchi S, et al:Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-velpatasvir with or without ribavirin in HCV-infected Japanese patients with decompensated cirrhosis:an open-label phase 3 trial. J Gastroenterol 54:87-95, 2019.
PubMed
7) Tahata Y, Hikita H, Mochida S, et al:Sofosbuvir plus velpatasvir treatment for hepatitis C virus in patients with decompensated cirrhosis:a Japanese real-world multicenter study. J Gastroenterol 56:67-77, 2021.
PubMed
8) Perricone G, Duvoux C, Berenguer M, et al:Delisting HCV-infected liver transplant candidates who improved after viral eradication:Outcome 2 years after delisting. Liver Int 38:2170-2177, 2018.
PubMed
9) Pascasio JM, Vinaixa C, Ferrer MT, et al:Clinical outcomes of patients undergoing antiviral therapy while awaiting liver transplantation. J Hepatol 67:1168-1176, 2017.
PubMed
10) El-Sherif O, Jiang ZG, Tapper EB, et al:Baseline Factors Associated With Improvements in Decompensated Cirrhosis After Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Gastroenterology 154:2111-2121. e8, 2018.
 
11) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL Recommendations on Treatment of Hepatitis C 2018. J Hepatol 69:461-511, 2018.
 
12) Agarwal K, Castells L, Mullhaupt B, et al:Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for 12 weeks in genotype 1-4 HCV-infected liver transplant recipients. J Hepatol 69:603-607, 2018.
PubMed
13) Ikegami T, Ueda Y, Akamatsu N, et al:Asunaprevir and daclatasvir for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation:A Japanese multicenter experience. Clin Transplant 31:e13109, 2017.
 
P.196 掲載の参考文献
1) Shiratori Y, Shiina S, Teratani T, et al:Interferon therapy after tumor ablation improves prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus. Ann Intern Med 138:299-306, 2003.
PubMed
2) Shen YC, Hsu C, Chen LT, et al:Adjuvant interferon therapy after curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC):a meta-regression approach. J Hepatol 52:889-894, 2010.
 
3) Kawaoka T, Aikata H, Takaki S, et al:IL28B polymorphism may guide pegylated interferon plus ribavirin therapy even after curative treatment for hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 18:e550-560, 2011.
PubMed
4) Jeong SC, Aikata H, Katamura Y, et al:Low-dose intermittent interferon-alpha therapy for HCV-related liver cirrhosis after curative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 13:5188-5195, 2007.
 
5) Reig M, Marino Z, Perello C, et al:Unexpected high rate of early tumor recurrence in patients with HCV-related HCC undergoing interferon-free therapy. J Hepatol 65:719-726, 2016.
PubMed
6) Camma C, Cabibbo G, Craxi A:Direct antiviral agents and risk for HCC early recurrence:Much ado about nothing. J Hepatol 65:861-862, 2016.
PubMed
7) Behairy Bel-S, Sira MM, Zalata KR, et al:Transient elastography compared to liver biopsy and morphometry for predicting fibrosis in pediatric chronic liver disease:Does etiology matter? World J Gastroenterol 22:4238-4249, 2016.
PubMed
8) Petta S, Cabibbo G, Barbara M, et al:Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in patients with curative resection or ablation:impact of HCV eradication does not depend on the use of interferon. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 45:160-168, 2017.
 
9) Ikeda K, Kawamura Y, Kobayashi M, et al:Direct-Acting Antivirals Decreased Tumor Recurrence After Initial Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 62:2932-2942, 2017.
PubMed
10) Mashiba T, Joko K, Kurosaki M, et al:Does interferon-free direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C after curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma lead to unexpected recurrences of HCC? A multicenter study by the Japanese Red Cross Hospital Liver Study Group. PLoS One 13:e0194704, 2018.
PubMed
11) Nagaoki Y, Imamura M, Nishida Y, et al:The impact of interferon-free direct-acting antivirals on clinical outcome after curative treatment for hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma:Comparison with interferon-based therapy. J Med Virol 91:650-658, 2019.
PubMed
12) Nishibatake Kinoshita M, Minami T, Tateishi R, et al:Impact of direct-acting antivirals on early recurrence of HCV-related HCC:Comparison with interferon-based therapy. J Hepatol 70:78-86,2019.
PubMed
13) Manthravadi S, Paleti S, Pandya P: Impact of sustained viral response postcurative therapy of hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 140: 1042-1049, 2017.
PubMed
14) Waziry R, Hajarizadeh B, Grebely J, et al: Hepatocellular carcinoma risk following direct-acting antiviral HCV therapy: A systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regression. J Hepatol 67:1204-1212, 2017.
PubMed
15) C型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第8.2版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会編), p26-27, 2023.
 
P.202 掲載の参考文献
1) World Health Organization(WHO):Guidelines for the screening, care and treatment of persons with hepatitis C infection, p25, WHO, Geneva, 2016.
 
2) Yatsuhashi H, Yano M:Natural history of chronic hepatitis C. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15(Suppl):E111-E116, 2000.
 
3) Ueda T, Ohta K, Suzuki N, et al:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and high prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis C virus. Am Rev Respir Dis 146:266-268, 1992.
PubMed
4) Nagao Y, Sata M, Suzuki H, et al:Histological improvement of oral Lichen planus in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon. Gastroenterology 117:283-284, 1999.
PubMed
5) Wagner B, Vierhapper H, Hofmann H:Prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. BMJ 312:640-641, 1996.
PubMed
6) Pawlotsky JM, Ben Yahia M, Andre C, et al:Immunological disorders in C virus chronic active hepatitis:a prospective case-control study. Hepatology 19:841-848, 1994.
 
7) Koike K, Moriya K, Ishibashi K, et al:Sialadenitis histologically resembling Sjogren syndrome in mice transgenic for hepatitis C virus envelope genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:233-236, 1997.
PubMed
8) Yamabe H, Inuma H, Osawa H, et al:Glomerular deposition of hepatitis C virus in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Nephron 72:741, 1996.
PubMed
9) Arase Y, Ikeda K, Tsubota A, et al:Serum levels of gamma-globulin and total bilirubin influence the prevalence of multiple extrahepatic complication in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 25:14-21, 2003.
PubMed
10) Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, et al:Effect of type 2 diabetes on risk for malignancies includes hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 57:964-973, 2013.
PubMed
11) Kawamura Y, Ikeda K, Arase Y, et al:Viral elimination reduces incidence of malignant lymphoma in patients with hepatitis C. Am J Med 120:1034-1041, 2007.
PubMed
12) Arase Y, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, et al:Sustained virological response reduces incidence of onset of type 2 diabetes in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 49:739-744, 2009.
PubMed
13) Arase Y, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al:Development rate of chronic kidney disease in hepatitis C virus patients with advanced fibrosis after interferon therapy. Hepatol Res 41:946-954, 2011.
PubMed
14) Arase Y, Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, et al:Virus clearance reduces bone fracture in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus. J Med Virol 82:390-395, 2010.
PubMed
15) Arase Y, Kobayashi M, Kawamura Y, et al:Impact of virus clearance for the development of hemorrhagic stroke in chronic hepatitis C. J Med Virol 86:169-175, 2014.
PubMed
P.207 掲載の参考文献
1) Enomoto H, Ueno Y, Hiasa Y, et al:Transition in the etiology of liver cirrhosis in Japan:a nationwide survey. J Gastroenterol 55:353-362, 2020.
PubMed
2) Tateishi R, Uchino K, Fujiwara N, et al:A nationwide survey on non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma in Japan:2011-2015 update. J Gastroenterol 54:367-376, 2019.
PubMed
3) Ikai I, Arii S, Okazaki M, et al:Report of the 17th Nationwide Follow-up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan. Hepatol Res 37:676-691, 2007.
PubMed
4) Kudo M, Izumi N, Kokudo N, et al:Report of the 22nd nationwide follow-up Survey of Primary Liver Cancer in Japan (2012-2013). Hepatol Res 52:5-66, 2022.
PubMed
5) Tanaka J, Kumagai J, Katayama K, et al:Sex- and age-specific carriers of hepatitis B and C viruses in Japan estimated by the prevalence in the 3,485,648 first-time blood donors during 1995-2000. Intervirology 47:32-40, 2004.
 
6) Tanaka J, Koyama T, Mizui M, et al:Total numbers of undiagnosed carriers of hepatitis C and B viruses in Japan estimated by age-and area-specific prevalence on the national scale. Intervirology 54:185-195, 2011.
 
7) Tanaka J, Akita T, Ko K, et al:Countermeasures against viral hepatitis B and C in Japan:An epidemiological point of view. Hepatol Res 49:990-1002, 2019.
 
8) Tanaka J, Akita T, Ohisa M, et al:Trends in the total numbers of HBV and HCV carriers in Japan from 2000 to 2011. J Viral Hepat 25:363-372, 2018.
PubMed
9) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
10) Sato T, Do SH, Asao T, et al:Estimating numbers of persons with persistent hepatitis B virus infection transmitted vertically and horizontally in the birth cohort during 1950-1985 in Japan. Hepatol Res 44:E181-E188, 2014.
 
11) World Health Organization:Global Hepatitis Report, 2017. [https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565455]
 
12) Sakamoto K, Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, et al:Trends of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 57:971-980, 2022.
PubMed
13) Velkov S, Ott JJ, Protzer U, et al:The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data. Genes (Basel) 9:495, 2018.
PubMed
P.213 掲載の参考文献
1) Fujisaki S, Yokomaku Y, Shiino T, et al:Outbreak of infections by hepatitis B virus genotype A and transmission of genetic drug resistance in patients coinfected with HIV-1 in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 49:1017-1024, 2011.
PubMed
2) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Sugiyama M, et al:Geographic distribution and characteristics of genotype A hepatitis B virus infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:180-189, 2016.
PubMed
3) Umemura T, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, et al:Mortality secondary to fulminant hepatic failure inpatients with prior resolution of hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. Clin Infect Dis 47:e52-56, 2008.
 
4) Aritomi T, Yatsuhashi H, Fujino T, et al:Association of mutations in the core promoter and precore region of hepatitis virus with fulminant and severe acute hepatitis in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:1125-1132, 1998.
PubMed
5) Sugauchi F, Orito E, Ohno T, et al:Spatial and chronological differences in hepatitis B virus genotypes from patients with acute hepatitis B in Japan. Hepatol Res 36:107-114, 2006.
PubMed
6) Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al:Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B:AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 67:1560-1599, 2018.
PubMed
7) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 67:370-398, 2017.
 
P.217 掲載の参考文献
1) Moriya T, Koyama T, Tanaka J, et al:Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in japan. Intervirology 42:153-158, 1999.
PubMed
2) Sato T, Do SH, Asao T, et al:Estimating numbers of persons with persistent hepatitis B virus infection transmitted vertically and horizontally in the birth cohort during 1950-1985 in Japan. Hepatol Res 44:E181-E188, 2014.
 
3) Tanaka J, Akita T, Ko K, et al:Countermeasures against viral hepatitis B and C in Japan:An epidemiological point of view. Hepatol Res 49:990-1002, 2019.
 
4) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):Progress in hepatitis B prevention through universal infant vaccination-China, 1997-2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 56:441-445, 2007.
PubMed
5) Shiraki K:Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus and its prevention. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 15:E11-E15, 2000.
PubMed
6) Norder H, Courouce AM, Coursaget P, et al:Genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus strains derived worldwide:genotypes, subgenotypes, and HBsAg subtypes. Intervirology 47:289-309, 2004.
PubMed
7) Kurbanov F, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M:Geographical and genetic diversity of the human hepatitis B virus. Hepatol Res 40:14-30, 2010.
PubMed
8) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Sugiyama M, et al:Geographic distribution and characteristics of genotype A hepatitis B virus infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:180-189, 2016.
PubMed
9) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Yatsuhashi H, et al:Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. Hepatology 59:89-97, 2014.
PubMed
10) Sakamoto K, Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, et al:Trends of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 57:971-980, 2022.
PubMed
11) Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021. Accountability for the Global Health Sector Strategies 2016-2021:Actions for Impact. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2021.
 
12) Tanaka J, Akita T, Ohisa M, et al:Trends in the total numbers of HBV and HCV carriers in Japan from 2000 to 2011. J Viral Hepat 25:363-372, 2018.
PubMed
13) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
P.222 掲載の参考文献
1) 劇症肝炎の診断基準. A型肝炎, 劇症肝炎:第12回犬山シンポジウム, p110-230, 中外医学社, 1982.
 
2) Sato S, Suzuki K, Takikawa Y, et al:Clinical epidemiology of fulminant hepatitis in Japan before the substantial introduction of liver transplantation:An analysis of 1,309 cases in a 15-year national survey. Hepatology Res 30:155-161, 2004.
 
3) Fujiwara K, Mochida S, Matsui A, et al:Fulminant hepatitis and late onset hepatic failure in Japan. Hepatology Res 38:646-657, 2008.
PubMed
4) Oketani M, Ido A, Nakayama N, et al:Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan:Summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009. Hepatol Res 43:97-105, 2013.
PubMed
5) Polson J, Lee WM; American Association for the Study of Liver Disease:AASLD position paper:the management of acute liver failure. Hepatology 41:1179-1197, 2005.
 
6) 持田 智, 滝川康裕, 中山伸朗, ほか:我が国における「急性肝不全」の概念, 診断基準の確立:厚生労働省科学研究費補助金(難治性疾患克服研究事業)「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班, ワーキンググループ-1, 研究報告. 肝臓 52:393-398, 2011.
 
7) Mochida S, Takikawa Y, Nakayama N, et al:Diagnostic criteria of acute liver failure:A report by the Intractable Hepato-Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan. Hepatol Res 41:805-812, 2011.
 
8) Sugawara K, Nakayama N, Mochida S:Acute liver failure in Japan:definition, classification, and prediction of the outcome. J Gastroenterol 47:849-861, 2012.
PubMed
9) Mochida S, Nakao M, Nakayama N, et al:Nationwide prospective and retrospective surveys for hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive therapies. J Gastroenterol 51:999-1010, 2016.
PubMed
10) Mochida S, Nakayama N, Ido A, et al:Revised criteria for classification of the etiologies of acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan:A report by the Intractable Hepato-Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan in 2015. Hapatol Res 46:369-371, 2016.
 
11) Nakao M, Nakayama N, Uchida Y, et al:Nationwide survey for acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure in Japan. J Gastroenterol 53:752-769, 2018
PubMed
12) Oketani M, Ido A, Uto H, et al:Prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy or chemotherapy. Hepatol Res 42:627-636, 2012.
PubMed
13) 坪内博仁, 熊田博光, 清澤研道, ほか:免疫抑制・化学療法により発症するB型肝炎対策-厚生労働省「難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究」班劇症肝炎分科会および「肝硬変を含めたウイルス性肝疾患の治療標準化に関する研究」班合同報告. 肝臓 50:38-42, 2009.
 
P.228 掲載の参考文献
1) Kaito M, Ohba H, Chiba J, et al:The ultrastructural morphology of native hepatitis B virus. Med Mol Morphol 39:136-145, 2006.
PubMed
2) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al:Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. Elife 1:e00049, 2012.
 
3) Guo H, Jiang D, Zhou T, et al:Characterization of the intracellular deproteinized relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus:an intermediate of covalently closed circular DNA formation. J Virol 81:12472-12484, 2007
PubMed
4) Lucifora J, Arzberger S, Durantel D, et al:Hepatitis B virus X protein is essential to initiate and maintain virus replication after infection. J Hepatol 55:996-1003, 2011.
PubMed
5) Belloni L, Pollicino T, De Nicola F, et al:Nuclear HBx binds the HBV minichromosome and modifies the epigenetic regulation of cccDNA function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:19975-19979, 2009.
PubMed
6) Tsukiyama-Kohara K, Kohara M:Tupaia belangeri as an experimental animal model for viral infection. Exp Anim 63:367-374, 2014.
PubMed
P.234 掲載の参考文献
1) Marchetti AL, Guo H:New Insights on Molecular Mechanism of Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular DNA Formation. Cells 9:2430, 2020.
PubMed
2) Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, Glebe D, et al:Host-cell interactions in HBV infection and pathogenesis:the emerging role of m6A modification. Emerg Microbes Infect 10:2264-2275, 2021.
PubMed
3) Wei L, Ploss A:Mechanism of Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA Formation. Viruses 13:1463, 2021.
PubMed
4) Gao W, Hu J:Formation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA:removal of genome-linked protein. J Virol 81:6164-6174, 2007.
 
5) Guo H, Jiang D, Zhou T, et al:Characterization of the intracellular deproteinized relaxed circular DNA of hepatitis B virus:an intermediate of covalently closed circular DNA formation. J Virol 81:12472-12484, 2007.
PubMed
6) Luo J, Cui X, Gao L, et al:Identification of an Intermediate in Hepatitis B Virus Covalently Closed Circular (CCC) DNA Formation and Sensitive and Selective CCC DNA Detection. J Virol 91:e00539-17, 2017.
PubMed
7) Koumbi L, Karayiannis P:The Epigenetic Control of Hepatitis B Virus Modulates the Outcome of Infection. Front Microbiol 6:1491, 2016.
PubMed
8) Slagle BL, Bouchard MJ:Role of HBx in hepatitis B virus persistence and its therapeutic implications. Curr Opin Virol 30:32-38, 2018.
PubMed
9) Decorsiere A, Mueller H, van Breugel PC, et al:Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor. Nature 531:386-389, 2016.
PubMed
10) Sunbul M:Hepatitis B virus genotypes:global distribution and clinical importance. World J Gastroenterol 20:5427-5434, 2014.
PubMed
11) Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, et al:Persistence of acute infection with hepatitis B virus genotype A and treatment in Japan. J Med Virol 76:33-39, 2005.
PubMed
12) Wang L, Zou ZQ, Wang K:Clinical Relevance of HLA Gene Variants in HBV Infection. J Immunol Res 2016:9069375, 2016.
PubMed
13) Frodsham AJ, Zhang L, Dumpis U, et al:Class II cytokine receptor gene cluster is a major locus for hepatitis B persistence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:9148-9153, 2006.
 
14) Rehermann B, Lau D, Hoofnagle JH, et al:Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responsiveness after resolution of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Invest 97:1655-1665, 1996.
PubMed
P.239 掲載の参考文献
1) Yoshio S, Mano Y, Doi H, et al:Cytokine and chemokine signatures associated with hepatitis B surface antigen loss in hepatitis B patients. JCI Insight 3:e122268, 2018.
PubMed
2) Cheng X, Uchida T, Xia Y, et al:Diminished hepatic IFN response following HCV clearance triggers HBV reactivation in coinfection. J Clin Invest 130:3205-3220, 2020.
PubMed
3) Yoshio S, Sugiyama M, Shoji H, et al:Indoleamine-2, 3-dioxygenase as an effector and an indicator of protective immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis B. Hepatology 63:83-94, 2016.
 
4) Fisicaro P, Valdatta C, Boni C, et al:Early kinetics of innate and adaptive immune responses during hepatitis B virus infection. Gut 58:974-982, 2009.
PubMed
5) Publicover J, Gaggar A, Nishimura S, et al:Age-dependent hepatic lymphoid organization directs successful immunity to hepatitis B. J Clin Invest 123:3728-3739, 2013.
PubMed
6) Chou HH, Chien WH, Wu LL, et al:Age-related immune clearance of hepatitis B virus infection requires the establishment of gut microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:2175-2180, 2015.
PubMed
7) Guidotti LG, Inverso D, Sironi L, et al:Immunosurveillance of the liver by intravascular effector CD8(+) T cells. Cell 161:486-500, 2015.
PubMed
8) Garcia-Lopez M, Lens S, Pallett LJ, et al:Viral and immune factors associated with successful treatment withdrawal in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 74:1064-1074, 2021.
PubMed
9) Benechet AP, De Simone G, Di Lucia P, et al:Dynamics and genomic landscape of CD8+ T cells undergoing hepatic priming. Nature 574:200-205, 2019.
PubMed
10) Wang H, Luo H, Wan X, et al:TNF-α/IFN-γ profile of HBV-specific CD4 T cells is associated with liver damage and viral clearance in chronic HBV infection. J Hepatol 72:45-56, 2020.
 
11) Yoshikawa S, Yoshio S, Yoshida Y, et al:Impact of Immune Reconstitution-Induced Hepatic Flare on Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss in Hepatitis B Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Coinfected Patients. J Infect Dis 223:2080-2089, 2021.
PubMed
12) Doi H, Yoshio S, Yoneyama K, et al:Immune Determinants in the Acquisition and Maintenance of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Adults After First-Time Hepatitis B Vaccination. Hepatol Commun 3:812-824, 2019.
PubMed
13) Salimzadeh L, Le Bert N, Dutertre CA, et al:PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Invest 128:4573-4587, 2018.
PubMed
14) Le Bert N, Salimzadeh L, Gill US, et al:Comparative characterization of B cells specific for HBV nucleocapsid and envelope proteins in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 72:34-44, 2020.
PubMed
15) Xu H, Locarnini S, Wong D, et al:Role of anti-HBs in functional cure of HBeAg+ chronic hepatitis B patients infected with HBV genotype A. J Hepatol 76:34-45, 2022.
 
P.245 掲載の参考文献
1) Trepo C, Chan HL, Lok A:Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet 384:2053-2063, 2014.
PubMed
2) 村田一素:B型肝炎ウイルス感染における宿主免疫応答の重要性-特にNKT細胞の関与について-. 肝臓 54:7-18, 2013.
 
3) Guidotti LG, Rochford R, Chung J, et al:Viral clearance without destruction of infected cells during acute HBV infection. Science 284:825-829, 1999.
PubMed
4) Moriyama T, Guilhot S, Klopchin K, et al:Immunobiology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular injury in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. Science 248:361-364, 1990.
PubMed
5) Ando K, Guidotti LG, Wirth S, et al:Class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes are directly cytopathic for their target cells in vivo. J Immunol 152:3245-3253, 1994.
 
6) Murphy KM, Weaver C, Berg LJ:T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In:Janeway's Immunobiology(ed by Twitchell B, Bressack CB), p394-404, W. W. Norton & Company Inc, New York, 2022.
 
7) Kagi D, Vignaux F, Ledermann B, et al:Fas and perforin pathways as major mechanisms of T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Science 265:528-530, 1994.
PubMed
8) Mochizuki K, Hayashi N, Hiramatsu N, et al:Fas antigen expression in liver tissues of patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 24:1-7, 1996.
PubMed
9) Galle PR, Hofmann WJ, Walczak H, et al:Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor and ligand in liver damage. J Exp Med 182:1223-1230, 1995.
PubMed
10) Murphy KM, Weaver C, Berg LJ:Consequences of innate immune activation. In:Janeway's Immunobiology (ed by Twitchell B and Bressack CB), p109-140, W. W. Norton & Company Inc, NewYork, 2022.
 
P.251 掲載の参考文献
1) Heermann KH, Goldmann U, Schwartz W, et al:Large surface proteins of hepatitis B virus containing the pre-s sequence. J Virol 52:396-402, 1984.
 
2) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al:Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. ELife 1:e00049, 2012.
 
3) Iwamoto M, Saso W, Sugiyama R, et al:Epidermal growth factor receptor is a host-entry cofactor triggering hepatitis B virus internalization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 116:8487-8492, 2019.
PubMed
4) Urban S, Bartenschlager R, Kubitz R, et al:Strategies to inhibit entry of HBV and HDV into hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 147:48-64, 2014.
PubMed
5) Fukano K, Tsukuda S, Watashi K, et al:Concept of Viral Inhibitors via NTCP. Semin Liver Dis 39:78-85, 2019.
PubMed
6) Tsukuda S, et al:NTCP. In:Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 2nd ed(ed by Choi S), p3591-3599, Springer, 2017.
 
7) Hu NJ, Iwata S, Cameron AD, et al:Crystal structure of a bacterial homologue of the bile acid sodium symporter ASBT. Nature 478:408-411, 2011.
PubMed
8) Zhou X, Levin EJ, Pan Y, et al:Structural basis of the alternating-access mechanism in a bile acid transporter. Nature 505:569-573, 2014.
 
9) Takeuchi JS, Fukano K, Iwamoto M, et al:A Single adaptive mutation in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide induced by hepadnaviruses determines virus species specificity. J Virol 93:e01432-18, 2019.
 
10) Yan H, Peng B, He W, et al:Molecular determinants of hepatitis B and D virus entry restriction in mouse sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. J Virol 87:7977-7991, 2013.
 
11) Peng L, Zhao Q, Li Q, et al:The p. Ser267Phe variant in SLC10A1 is associated with resistance to chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 61:1251-1260, 2015.
 
12) Park JH, Iwamoto M, Yun JH, et al:Structural insights into the HBV receptor and bile acid transporter NTCP. Nature 606:1027-1031, 2022.
PubMed
13) Asami J, Kimura KT, Fujita-Fujiharu Y, et al:Structure of the bile acid transporter and HBV receptor NTCP. Nature 606:1021-1026, 2022.
PubMed
14) Goutam K, Ielasi FS, Pardon E, et al:Structural basis of sodium-dependent bile salt uptake into the liver. Nature 606:1015-1020, 2022.
PubMed
15) Liu H, Irobalieva RN, Bang-Sorensen R, et al:Structure of human NTCP reveals the basis of recognition and sodium-driven transport of bile salts into the liver. Cell Res 32:773-776, 2022.
PubMed
P.258 掲載の参考文献
1) WHO:Hepatitis B. WHO Fact sheets, 2022. [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b]
 
2) Miyakawa Y, Mizokami M:Classifying hepatitis B virus genotypes. Intervirology 46:329-338, 2003.
PubMed
3) Mizokami M, Nakano T, Orito E, et al:Hepatitis B virus genotype assignment using restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns. FEBS Lett 450:66-71, 1999.
PubMed
4) Kato H, Fujiwara K, Gish RG, et al:Classifying genotype F of hepatitis B virus into F1 and F2 subtypes. World J Gastroenterol 11:6295-6304, 2005.
PubMed
5) Okamoto H, Tsuda F, Sakugawa H, et al:Typing hepatitis B virus by homology in nucleotide sequence:comparison of surface antigen subtypes. J Gen Virol 69 (Pt 10):2575-2583, 1988.
 
6) Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, et al:Basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers. Gastroenterology 124:327-334, 2003.
PubMed
7) 溝上雅史(研究代表者):B型肝炎ジェノタイプ A型感染の慢性化など本邦における実態とその予防に関する研究:平成22年度総括・分担研究報告書(厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業(肝炎分野)), 2011.
 
8) Sako A, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, et al:Acute hepatitis B in Japan:Incidence, clinical practices and health policy. Hepatol Res 41:39-45, 2011.
PubMed
9) Orito E, Ichida T, Sakugawa H, et al:Geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in patients with chronic HBV infection in Japan. Hepatology 34:590-594, 2001.
PubMed
10) Suzuki Y, Kobayashi M, Ikeda K, et al:Persistence of acute infection with hepatitis B virus genotype A and treatment in Japan. J Med Virol 76:33-39, 2005.
PubMed
11) Sakamoto K, Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, et al:Trends of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 57:971-980, 2022.
PubMed
12) Sugiyama M, Tanaka Y, Kato T, et al:Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the intra- and extracellular expression of viral DNA and antigens. Hepatology 44:915-924, 2006.
PubMed
13) Sugiyama M, Tanaka Y, Kurbanov F, et al:Direct cytopathic effects of particular hepatitis B virus genotypes in severe combined immunodeficiency transgenic with urokinase-type plasminogen activator mouse with human hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 136:652-62. e3, 2009.
 
14) Maslac O, Wagner J, Sozzi V, et al:Secreted hepatitis B virus splice variants differ by HBV genotype and across phases of chronic hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 29:604-615, 2022.
PubMed
15) Lim CS, Sozzi V, Littlejohn M, et al:Quantitative analysis of the splice variants expressed by the major hepatitis B virus genotypes. Microb Genom 7:mgen000492, 2021.
PubMed
16) Gunther S, Sommer G, Iwanska A, et al:Heterogeneity and common features of defective hepatitis B virus genomes derived from spliced pregenomic RNA. Virology 238:363-371, 1997.
PubMed
17) Chu YJ, Yang HI, Hu HH, et al:HBV genotype-dependent association of HLA variants with the serodecline of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B patients. Sci Rep 13:359, 2023.
PubMed
18) Tanaka Y, Hasegawa I, Kato K, et al:A case-control study for differences among hepatitis B virus infections of genotypes A (subtypes Aa and Ae) and D. Hepatology 40:747-755, 2004.
 
19) Guarnieri M, Kim KH, Bang G, et al:Point mutations upstream of hepatitis B virus core gene affect DNA replication at the step of core protein expression. J Virol 80:587-595, 2006.
PubMed
20) Ozasa A, Tanaka Y, Orito E, et al:Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 44:326-334, 2006.
PubMed
21) Elkady A, Tanaka Y, Kurbanov F, et al:Virological and clinical implication of core promoter C1752/V1753 and T1764/G1766 mutations in hepatitis B virus genotype D infection in Mongolia. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 23:474-481, 2008.
PubMed
P.265 掲載の参考文献
1) Sartorius K, Swadling L, An P, et al:The Multiple Roles of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (HBx)Dysregulated MicroRNA in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and Immune Pathways. Viruses 12:746, 2020.
PubMed
2) Gao W, Jia Z, Tian Y, et al:HBx Protein Contributes to Liver Carcinogenesis by H3K4me3 Modification Through Stabilizing WD Repeat Domain 5 Protein. Hepatology 71:1678-1695, 2020.
PubMed
3) Decorsiere A, Mueller H, van Breugel PC, et al:Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor. Nature 531:386-389, 2016.
PubMed
4) Ren L, Zeng M, Tang Z, et al:The Antiresection Activity of the X Protein Encoded by Hepatitis Virus B. Hepatology 69:2546-2561, 2019.
PubMed
5) Idrissi ME, Hachem H, Koering C, et al:HBx triggers either cellular senescence or cell proliferation depending on cellular phenotype. J Viral Hepat 23:130-138, 2016.
PubMed
6) Zhou X, Yang F, Yang Y, et al:HBV Facilitated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Proliferation by Up-Regulating Angiogenin Expression Through IL-6. Cell Physiol Biochem 46:461-470, 2018.
 
7) Lau CC, Sun T, Ching AK, et al:Viral-human chimeric transcript predisposes risk to liver cancer development and progression. Cancer Cell 25:335-349, 2014.
PubMed
8) Zhao LH, Liu X, Yan HX, et al:Genomic and oncogenic preference of HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 7:12992, 2016.
 
9) Liu Z, Dai X, Wang T, et al:Hepatitis B virus PreS1 facilitates hepatocellular carcinoma development by promoting appearance and self-renewal of liver cancer stem cells. Cancer Lett 400:149-160, 2017.
PubMed
10) Anfuso B, El-Khobar KE, Ie SI, et al:Activation of hepatic stem cells compartment during hepatocarcinogenesis in a HBsAg HBV-transgenic mouse model. Sci Rep 8:13168, 2018.
 
11) Song J, Zhang X, Ge Q, et al:CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of HBsAg inhibits proliferation and tumorigenicity of HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 119:8419-8431, 2018.
 
12) Podlaha O, Gane E, Brunetto M, et al:Large-scale viral genome analysis identifies novel clinical associations between hepatitis B virus and chronically infected patients. Sci Rep 9:10529, 2019.
PubMed
13) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Hsu CY, et al:High Level of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection of Intermediate Viral Load. Gastroenterology 157:1518-1529. e3, 2019.
 
14) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49:457-471, 2019.
PubMed
15) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Imaizumi M, et al:Potential of ultra-highly sensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface and core-related antigens in patients with or without development of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. Hepatol Res 51:426-435, 2021.
PubMed
P.270 掲載の参考文献
1) Dandri M, Burda MR, Torok E, et al:Repopulation of mouse liver with human hepatocytes and in vivo infection with hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 33:981-988, 2001.
PubMed
2) Mercer DF, Schiller DE, Elliott JF, et al:Hepatitis C virus replication in mice with chimeric human livers. Nat Med 7:927-933, 2001.
PubMed
3) Sugahara G, Ishida Y, Sun J, et al:Art of Making Artificial Liver:Depicting Human Liver Biology and Diseases in Mice. Semin Liver Dis 40:189-212, 2020.
PubMed
4) Tateno C, Yoshizane Y, Saito N, et al:Near completely humanized liver in mice shows human-type metabolic responses to drugs. Am J Pathol 165:901-912, 2004.
PubMed
5) Tateno C, Kawase Y, Tobita Y, et al:Generation of Novel Chimeric Mice with Humanized Livers by Using Hemizygous cDNA-uPA/SCID Mice. PLoS One 10:e0142145, 2015.
 
6) Tabuchi A, Tanaka J, Katayama K, et al:Titration of hepatitis B virus infectivity in the sera of pre-acute and late acute phases of HBV infection:transmission experiments to chimeric mice with human liver repopulated hepatocytes. J Med Virol 80:2064-2068, 2008.
PubMed
7) Komatsu H, Inui A, Sogo T, et al:Tears from children with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are infectious vehicles of HBV transmission:experimental transmission of HBV by tears, using mice with chimeric human livers. J Infect Dis 206:478-485, 2012.
PubMed
8) Ishida Y, Chung TL, Imamura M, et al:Acute hepatitis B virus infection in humanized chimeric mice has multiphasic viral kinetics. Hepatology 68:473-484, 2018.
PubMed
9) Furuta M, Tanaka H, Shiraishi Y, et al:Correction:Characterization of HBV integration patterns and timing in liver cancer and HBV-infected livers. Oncotarget 9:31789, 2018.
PubMed
10) Okazaki A, Hiraga N, Imamura M, et al:Severe necroinflammatory reaction caused by natural killer cell-mediated Fas/Fas ligand interaction and dendritic cells in human hepatocyte chimeric mouse. Hepatology 56:555-566, 2012.
PubMed
11) Yamasaki C, Kataoka M, Kato Y, et al:In vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 and glucuronidation activities in hepatocytes isolated from liver-humanized mice. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 25:539-550, 2010.
PubMed
12) Yamasaki C, Ishida Y, Yanagi A, et al:Culture density contributes to hepatic functions of fresh human hepatocytes isolated from chimeric mice with humanized livers:Novel, long-term, functional two-dimensional in vitro tool for developing new drugs. PLoS One 15:e0237809, 2020.
PubMed
13) Ishida Y, Yamasaki C, Yanagi A, et al:Novel robust in vitro hepatitis B virus infection model using fresh human hepatocytes isolated from humanized mice. Am J Pathol 185:1275-1285, 2015.
PubMed
14) Zhang M, Zhang Z, Imamura M, et al:Infection courses, virological features and IFN-α responses of HBV genotypes in cell culture and animal models. J Hepatol 75:1335-1345, 2021.
 
P.275 掲載の参考文献
1) Isogawa M, Tanaka Y:Immunobiology of hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatol Res 45:179-189, 2015.
PubMed
2) Suslov A, Boldanova T, Wang X, et al:Hepatitis B Virus Does Not Interfere With Innate Immune Responses in the Human Liver. Gastroenterology 154:1778-1790, 2018.
PubMed
3) Dunn C, Brunetto M, Reynolds G, et al:Cytokines induced during chronic hepatitis B virus infection promote a pathway for NK cell-mediated liver damage. J Exp Med 204:667-680, 2007.
PubMed
4) Maini MK, Boni C, Lee CK, et al:The role of virus-specific CD8(+) cells in liver damage and viral control during persistent hepatitis B virus infection. J Exp Med 191:1269-1280, 2000.
PubMed
5) Asabe S, Wieland SF, Chattopadhyay PK, et al:The size of the viral inoculum contributes to the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 83:9652-9662, 2009.
 
6) Doi H, Yoshio S, Yoneyama K, et al:Immune Determinants in the Acquisition and Maintenance of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Adults After First-Time Hepatitis B Vaccination. Hepatol Commun 3:812-824, 2019.
PubMed
7) Salimzadeh L, Le Bert N, Dutertre CA, et al:PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Invest 128:4573-4587, 2018.
PubMed
8) Baudi I, Kawashima K, Isogawa M:HBV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Tolerance in the Liver. Front Immunol 12:721975, 2021.
PubMed
9) Burton AR, Pallett LJ, McCoy LE, et al:Circulating and intrahepatic antiviral B cells are defective in hepatitis B. J Clin Invest 128:4588-4603, 2018.
PubMed
10) Isogawa M, Chung J, Murata Y, et al:CD40 Activation Rescues Antiviral CD8+ T Cells from PD-1-Mediated Exhaustion. PLoS Pathog 9:e1003490, 2013.
PubMed
11) Kawashima K, Isogawa M, Onishi M, et al:Restoration of type I interferon signaling in intrahepatically primed CD8+ T cells promotes functional differentiation. JCI Insight 6:e145761, 2021.
PubMed
12) Benechet AP, De Simone G, Di Lucia P, et al:Dynamics and genomic landscape of CD8+ T cells undergoing hepatic priming. Nature 574:200-205, 2019.
PubMed
13) Fisicaro P, Barili V, Montanini B, et al:Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction can restore antiviral activity of exhausted HBV-specific CD8 T cells in chronic hepatitis B. Nat Med 23:327-336, 2017.
PubMed
14) Acerbi G, Montali I, Ferrigno GD, et al:Functional reconstitution of HBV-specific CD8 T cells by in vitro polyphenol treatment in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 74:783-793, 2021.
PubMed
15) Kennedy PTF, Sandalova E, Jo J, et al:Preserved T-cell function in children and young adults with immune-tolerant chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 143:637-645, 2012.
 
P.280 掲載の参考文献
1) Brechot C, Pourcel C, Louise A, et al:Presence of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA sequences in cellular DNA of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Nature 286:533-535, 1980.
PubMed
2) Edman JC, Gray P, Valenzuela P, et al:Integration of hepatitis B virus sequences and their expression in a human hepatoma cell. Nature 286:535-538, 1980.
 
3) Tu T, Budzinska MA, Shackel NA, et al:HBV DNA Integration:Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Viruses 9:75, 2017.
PubMed
4) Sung WK, Zheng H, Li S, et al:Genome-wide survey of recurrent HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Genet 44:765-769, 2012.
 
5) Zhao LH, Liu X, Yan HX, et al:Genomic and oncogenic preference of HBV integration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 7:12992, 2016.
 
6) Kimbi GC, Kramvis A, Kew MC:Integration of hepatitis B virus DNA into chromosomal DNA during acute hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 11:6416-6421, 2005.
PubMed
7) Summers J, Jilbert AR, Yang W, et al:Hepatocyte turnover during resolution of a transient hepadnaviral infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:11652-11659, 2003.
PubMed
8) Furuta M, Tanaka H, Shiraishi Y, et al:Characterization of HBV integration patterns and timing in liver cancer and HBV-infected livers. Oncotarget 9:25075-25088, 2018.
PubMed
9) Budzinska MA, Shackel NA, Urban S, et al:Cellular Genomic Sites of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration. Genes (Basel) 9:365, 2018.
PubMed
10) Salpini R, D'Anna S, Benedetti L, et al:Hepatitis B virus DNA integration as a novel biomarker of hepatitis B virus-mediated pathogenetic properties and a barrier to the current strategies for hepatitis B virus cure. Front Microbiol 13:972687, 2022.
 
11) Totoki Y, Tatsuno K, Covington KR, et al:Trans-ancestry mutational landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma genomes. Nat Genet 46:1267-1273, 2014.
PubMed
12) Alvarez EG, Demeulemeester J, Otero P, et al:Aberrant integration of Hepatitis B virus DNA promotes major restructuring of human hepatocellular carcinoma genome architecture. Nat Commun 12:6910, 2021.
PubMed
13) Lau CC, Sun T, Ching AK, et al:Viral-human chimeric transcript predisposes risk to liver cancer development and progression. Cancer Cell 25:335-349, 2014.
PubMed
14) Cao Q, Imbeaud S, Datta S, et al:Authors' response:virus-host interactions in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma:more to be revealed? Gut 64:853-854, 2015.
PubMed
15) Muroyama R, Nakagawa R, Matsubara Y, et al:Fusion HBx from HBV integrant affects hepatocarcinogenesis through deregulation of ER stress response. Virus Res 315:198787, 2022.
PubMed
P.286 掲載の参考文献
1) Qiao L, Wu Q, Lu X, et al:SREBP-1a activation by HBx and the effect on hepatitis B virus enhancer II/core promoter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 432:643-649, 2013.
PubMed
2) Zhang Z, Torii N, Hu Z, et al:X-deficient woodchuck hepatitis virus mutants behave like attenuated viruses and induce protective immunity in vivo. J Clin Invest 108:1523-1531, 2001.
 
3) Yuan H, Zhao L, Yuan Y, et al:HBx represses WDR77 to enhance HBV replication by DDB1-mediated WDR77 degradation in the liver. Theranostics 11:8362-8378, 2021.
 
4) Benhenda S, Ducroux A, Riviere L, et al:Methyltransferase PRMT1 is a binding partner of HBx and a negative regulator of hepatitis B virus transcription. J Virol 87:4360-4371, 2013.
 
5) Minor MM, Hollinger FB, McNees AL, et al:Hepatitis B Virus HBx Protein Mediates the Degradation of Host Restriction Factors through the Cullin 4 DDB1 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex. Cells 9:834, 2020.
PubMed
6) Murphy CM, Xu Y, Li F, et al:Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Promotes Degradation of SMC5/6 to Enhance HBV Replication. Cell Rep 16:2846-2854, 2016.
 
7) Decorsiere A, Mueller H, van Breugel PC, et al:Hepatitis B virus X protein identifies the Smc5/6 complex as a host restriction factor. Nature 531:386-389, 2016.
PubMed
8) Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Ohno M, et al:Inhibition of HBV Transcription From cccDNA With Nitazoxanide by Targeting the HBx-DDB1 Interaction. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:297-312, 2019.
PubMed
9) Rossignol JF, Brechot C:A Pilot Clinical Trial of Nitazoxanide in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatol Commun 3:744-747, 2019.
PubMed
10) Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Ohno M, et al:Pevonedistat, a Neuronal Precursor Cell-Expressed Developmentally Down-Regulated Protein 8-Activating Enzyme Inhibitor, Is a Potent Inhibitor of Hepatitis B Virus. Hepatology 69:1903-1915, 2019.
PubMed
11) Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Funato K, et al:HBx-induced degradation of Smc5/6 complex impairs homologous recombination-mediated repair of damaged DNA. J Hepatol 76:53-62, 2022.
 
P.292 掲載の参考文献
1) Dusheiko G, Agarwal K, Maini MK:New Approaches to Chronic Hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 388:55-69, 2023.
PubMed
2) Fanning GC, Zoulim F, Hou J, et al:Therapeutic strategies for hepatitis B virus infection:towards a cure. Nat Rev Drug Discov 18:827-844, 2019.
PubMed
3) Yoshio S, Kanto T:Host-virus interactions in hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection. J Gastroenterol 51:409-420, 2016.
PubMed
4) Thimme R, Wieland S, Steiger C, et al:CD8 (+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 77:68-76, 2003.
PubMed
5) Baudi I, Kawashima K, Isogawa M:HBV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Tolerance in the Liver. Front Immunol 12:721975, 2021.
PubMed
6) Maini MK, Burton AR:Restoring, releasing or replacing adaptive immunity in chronic hepatitis B. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:662-675, 2019.
PubMed
7) Nakamoto Y, Kaneko S, Fan H, et al:Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma development associated with chronic hepatitis by anti-fas ligand antibody therapy. J Exp Med 196:1105-1111, 2002.
PubMed
8) Nakamoto Y, Suda T, Momoi T, et al:Different procarcinogenic potentials of lymphocyte subsets in a transgenic mouse model of chronic hepatitis B. Cancer Res 64:3326-3333, 2004.
 
9) Nosaka T, Naito T, Hiramatsu K, et al:Gene expression profiling of hepatocarcinogenesis in a mouse model of chronic hepatitis B. PLoS One 12:e0185442, 2017.
 
10) Lucifora J, Xia Y, Reisinger F, et al:Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA. Science 343:1221-1228, 2014.
PubMed
11) Pasquetto V, Wieland SF, Uprichard SL, et al:Cytokine-sensitive replication of hepatitis B virus in immortalized mouse hepatocyte cultures. J Virol 76:5646-5653, 2002.
PubMed
12) Nosaka T, Naito T, Matsuda H, et al:Molecular signature of hepatitis B virus regulation by interferon-γ in primary human hepatocytes. Hepatol Res 50:292-302, 2020.
 
13) Nosaka T, Naito T, Murata Y, et al:Regulatory function of interferon-inducible 44-like for hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in primary human hepatocytes. Hepatol Res 52:141-152, 2022.
PubMed
14) Gane E, Verdon DJ, Brooks AE, et al:Anti-PD-1 blockade with nivolumab with and without therapeutic vaccination for virally suppressed chronic hepatitis B:A pilot study. J Hepatol 71:900-907, 2019.
PubMed
15) Rossi M, Vecchi A, Tiezzi C, et al:Phenotypic CD8 T cell profiling in chronic hepatitis B to predict HBV-specific CD8 T cell susceptibility to functional restoration in vitro. Gut, 2023. (DOI:10. 1136/gutjnl-2022-327202)
 
P.296 掲載の参考文献
1) Hirt B:Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol 26:365-369, 1967.
PubMed
2) Cai D, Nie H, Yan R, et al:A southern blot assay for detection of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA from cell cultures. Methods Mol Biol 1030:151-161, 2013.
 
3) Qu B, Ni Y, Lempp FA, et al:T5 Exonuclease Hydrolysis of Hepatitis B Virus Replicative Intermediates Allows Reliable Quantification and Fast Drug Efficacy Testing of Covalently Closed Circular DNA by PCR. J Virol 92:e01117-18, 2018.
PubMed
4) Werle-Lapostolle B, Bowden S, Locarnini S, et al:Persistence of cccDNA during the natural history of chronic hepatitis B and decline during adefovir dipivoxil therapy. Gastroenterology 126:1750-1758, 2004.
PubMed
5) Zhang X, Lu W, Zheng Y, et al:In situ analysis of intrahepatic virological events in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Clin Invest 126:1079-1092, 2016.
 
6) Schiffer JT, Swan DA, Stone D, et al:Predictors of hepatitis B cure using gene therapy to deliver DNA cleavage enzymes:a mathematical modeling approach. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003131, 2013.
PubMed
7) Lin SR, Yang HC, Kuo YT, et al:The CRISPR/Cas9 System Facilitates Clearance of the Intrahepatic HBV Templates In Vivo. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 3:e186, 2014.
PubMed
8) Sakuma T, Masaki K, Abe-Chayama H, et al:Highly multiplexed CRISPR-Cas9-nuclease and Cas9-nickase vectors for inactivation of hepatitis B virus. Genes Cells 21:1253-1262, 2016.
PubMed
9) Pacesa M, Lin CH, Clery A, et al:Structural basis for Cas9 off-target activity. Cell 185:4067-4081. e21, 2022.
 
10) Kostyushev D, Kostyusheva A, Brezgin S, et al:Suppressing the NHEJ pathway by DNA-PKcs inhibitor NU7026 prevents degradation of HBV cccDNA cleaved by CRISPR/Cas9. Sci Rep 9:1847, 2019.
PubMed
11) Schiwon M, Ehrke-Schulz E, Oswald A, et al:One-Vector System for Multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 against Hepatitis B Virus cccDNA Utilizing High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 12:242-253, 2018.
PubMed
12) Seeger C, Sohn JA:Complete Spectrum of CRISPR/Cas9-induced Mutations on HBV cccDNA. Mol Ther 24:1258-1266, 2016.
PubMed
P.302 掲載の参考文献
1) Tanaka J, Kurisu A, Ohara M, et al:Burden of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in 2015 and future trends in Japan:A simulation study. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 22:100428, 2022.
 
2) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022. [https://www.jsh.or.jp/lib/files/medical/guidelines/jsh_guidlines/B_v4.pdf]
 
3) Haber P, Schillie S:Hepatitis B. In:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 14th ed(ed by Hall E, Wodi AP, Hamborsky J, et al), p143-164, Public Health Foundation, Washington DC, 2021.
 
4) Fattovich G, Bortolotti F, Donato F:Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol 48:335-352, 2008.
PubMed
5) Martinot-Peignoux M, Boyer N, Colombat M, et al:Serum hepatitis B virus DNA levels and liver histology in inactive HBsAg carriers. J Hepatol 36:543-546, 2002.
PubMed
6) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Sugiyama M, et al:Geographic distribution and characteristics of genotype A hepatitis B virus infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:180-189, 2016.
PubMed
7) Ito K, Yoneda M, Sakamoto K, et al:Virological and Clinical Characteristics of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype A. J Gastroenterol 53:18-26, 2018.
 
8) Sugiyama M, Tanaka Y, Kato T, et al:Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the intra- and extracellular expression of viral DNA and antigens. Hepatology 44:915-924, 2006.
PubMed
9) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Yatsuhashi H, et al:Risk factors for long-term persistence of serum hepatitis B surface antigen following acute hepatitis B virus infection in Japanese adults. Hepatology 59:89-97, 2014.
PubMed
10) Sakamoto K, Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, et al:Trends of hepatitis B virus genotype distribution in chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 57:971-980, 2022.
PubMed
11) 慢性肝炎・肝硬変の診療ガイド2016(日本肝臓学会 編), p11, 文光堂, 2016.
 
12) Pollicino T, Saitta C, Raimondo G:Hepatocellular carcinoma:the point of view of the hepatitis B virus. Carcinogenesis 32:1122-1132, 2011.
PubMed
13) Marusawa H, Uemoto S, Hijikata M, et al:Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 31:488-495, 2000.
PubMed
P.307 掲載の参考文献
1) Thimme R, Wieland S, Steiger C, et al:CD8 (+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 77:68-76, 2003.
PubMed
2) Guidotti LG, Chisari FV:Immunobiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis. Annu Rev Pathol 1:23-61, 2006.
PubMed
3) Chisari FV:Rous-Whipple Award Lecture. Viruses, immunity, and cancer:lessons from hepatitis B. Am J Pathol 156:1117-1132, 2000.
PubMed
4) Fisicaro P, Valdatta C, Massari M, et al:Antiviral intrahepatic T-cell responses can be restored by blocking programmed death-1 pathway in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 138:682-693. e4, 2010.
 
5) Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lin CC, et al:Incidence of hepatitis B virus infections in preschool children in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 146:198-204, 1982.
PubMed
6) Stevens CE, Beasley RP, Tsui J, et al:Vertical transmission of hepatitis B antigen in Taiwan. N Engl J Med 292:771-774, 1975.
PubMed
7) 国立感染症研究所:B型肝炎ワクチンに関するファクトシート(平成22年7月7日版), 2010. [http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/2r9852000000bx23-att/2r9852000000bxqf.pdf]
 
8) Ito K, Yotsuyanagi H, Sugiyama M, et al:Geographic distribution and characteristics of genotype A hepatitis B virus infection in acute and chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 31:180-189, 2016.
PubMed
9) Tamada Y, Yatsuhashi H, Masaki N, et al:Hepatitis B virus strains of subgenotype A2 with an identical sequence spreading rapidly from the capital region to all over Japan in patients with acute hepatitis B. Gut 61:765-773, 2012.
PubMed
10) Kobayashi M, Arase Y, Ikeda K, et al:Clinical features of hepatitis B virus genotype A in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol 38:656-662, 2003.
PubMed
11) 柘植雅貴, 茶山一彰:HBc 抗体(IgM・HBc 抗体, IgA・HBc 抗体を含む). 日本臨牀 62(増刊:ウイルス性肝炎(下)):129-133, 2004.
 
12) Umemura T, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, et al:Mortality secondary to fulminant hepatic failure in patients with prior resolution of hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. Clin Infect Dis 47:e52-e56, 2008.
PubMed
P.312 掲載の参考文献
1) Velkov S, Ott JJ, Protzer U, et al:The global hepatitis B virus genotype distribution approximated from available genotyping data. Genes (Basel) 9:465, 2018.
 
2) Orito E, Ichida T, Sakugawa H, et al:Geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in patients with chronic HBV infection in Japan. Hepatology 34:590-594, 2001.
PubMed
3) Matsuura K, Tanaka Y, Hige S, et al:Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes among patients with chronic infection in Japan shifting toward an increase of genotype A. J Clin Microbiol 47:1476-1483, 2009.
 
4) Tsushima K, Tsuge M, Hiraga N, et al:Comparison of intracellular responses between HBV genotype A and C infection in human hepatocyte chimeric mice. J Gastroenterol 54:650-659, 2019.
 
5) Shiina S, Fujino H, Uta Y, et al:Relationship of HBsAg subtypes with HBeAg/anti-HBe status and chronic liver disease. Part I:Analysis of 1744 HBsAg carriers. Am J Gastroenterol 86:866-871, 1991.
PubMed
6) Sumi H, Yokosuka O, Seki N, et al:Influence of hepatitis B virus genotypes on the progression of chronic type B liver disease. Hepatology 37:19-26, 2003.
 
7) Kao JH, Chen PJ, Lai MY, et al:Hepatitis B genotypes correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 118:554-559, 2000.
PubMed
8) Sugauchi F, Orito E, Ichida T, et al:Epidemiologic and virologic characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotype B having the recombination with genotype C. Gastroenterology 124:925-932, 2003.
PubMed
9) Thakur V, Guptan RC, Kazim SN, et al:Profile, spectrum and significance of HBV genotypes in chronic liver disease patients in the Indian subcontinent. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:165-170, 2002.
PubMed
10) Wai CT, Fontana RJ, Polson J, et al:Clinical outcome and virological characteristics of hepatitis B-related acute liver failure in the United States. J Viral Hepat 12:192-198, 2005.
PubMed
11) Sanchez-Tapias JM, Costa J, Mas A, et al:Influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the long-term outcome of chronic hepatitis B in western patients. Gastroenterology 123:1848-1856, 2002.
 
12) Chu CJ, Keeffe EB, Han SH, et al:Hepatitis B virus genotypes in the United States:results of a nationwide study. Gastroenterology 125:444-451, 2003.
PubMed
13) Livingston SE, Simonetti JP, Bulkow LR, et al:Clearance of Hepatitis B e Antigen in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B and Genotypes A, B, C, D, and F. Gastroenterology 133:1452-1457, 2007.
 
14) Rodriguez-Frias F, Buti M, Jardi R, et al:Hepatitis B virus infection:precore mutants and its relation to viral genotypes and core mutations. Hepatology 22:1641-1647, 1995.
PubMed
15) Hussain M, Chu CJ, Sablon E, et al:Rapid and sensitive assays for determination of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and detection of HBV precore and core promoter variants. J Clin Microbiol 41:3699-3705, 2003.
PubMed
16) Lin CL, Liu CH, Chen W, et al:Association of pre-S deletion mutant of hepatitis B virus with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 22:1098-1103, 2007.
 
17) Wong GL, Chan HL, Yiu KK, et al:Meta-analysis:The association of hepatitis B virus genotypes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 37:517-526, 2013.
PubMed
18) McMahon BJ, Nolen LD, Snowball M, et al:HBV Genotype:A Significant Risk Factor in Determining Which Patients With Chronic HBV Infection Should Undergo Surveillance for HCC:The Hepatitis B Alaska Study. Hepatology 74:2965-2973, 2021.
PubMed
19) Janssen HL, van Zonneveld M, Senturk H, et al:Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B:a randomised trial. Lancet 365:123-129, 2005.
PubMed
20) Flink HJ, Hansen BE, Heathcote EJ, et al:Successful treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b of HBeAg-positive HBV non-responders to standard interferon or lamivudine. Am J Gastroenterol 101:2523-2529, 2006.
PubMed
21) Buster EH, Flink HJ, Cakaloglu Y, et al:Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg loss after long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b. Gastroenterology 135:459-467, 2008.
PubMed
22) Lau GKK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, et al:Peginterferon Alfa-2a, Lamivudine, and the Combination for HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 352:2682-2695, 2005.
PubMed
23) Bonino F, Marcellin P, Lau GK, et al:Predicting response to peginterferon alpha-2a, lamivudine and the two combined for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Gut 56:699-705, 2007.
PubMed
24) Akuta N, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:The influence of hepatitis B virus genotype on the development of lamivudine resistance during long-term treatment. J Hepatol 38:315-321, 2003.
PubMed
25) Zollner B, Petersen J, Schroter M, et al:20-fold increase in risk of lamivudine resistance in hepatitis B virus subtype adw. Lancet 357:934-935, 2001.
PubMed
26) Westland C, Delaney W 4th, Yang H, et al:Hepatitis B virus genotypes and virologic response in 694 patients in phase III studies of adefovir dipivoxil1. Gastroenterology 125:107-116, 2003.
PubMed
27) Sherman M, Yurdaydin C, Simsek H, et al:Entecavir therapy for lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B:improved virologic, biochemical, and serology outcomes through 96 weeks. Hepatology 48:99-108, 2008.
PubMed
28) Marcellin P, Ahn SH, Ma X, et al:Combination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Peginterferon α-2a Increases Loss of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 150:134-144. e10, 2016.
 
P.319 掲載の参考文献
1) Akrami H, Monjezi MR, Ilbeigi S, et al:The Association Between Hepatitis B Virus Mutations and the Risk of Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Curr Mol Med 22:514-523, 2022.
PubMed
2) Liu S, Zhang H, Gu C, et al:Associations between hepatitis B virus mutations and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 101:1066-1082, 2009.
PubMed
3) Yin J, Xie J, Zhang H, et al:Significant association of different preS mutations with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol 45:1063-1071, 2010.
PubMed
4) Hosseini SY, Sanaei N, Fattahi MR, et al:Association of HBsAg mutation patterns with hepatitis Binfection outcome:Asymptomatic carriers versus HCC/cirrhotic patients. Ann Hepatol 18:640-645, 2019.
 
5) Mun HS, Lee SA, Kim H, et al:Novel F141L pre-S2 mutation in hepatitis B virus increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic genotype C infections. J Virol 85:123-132, 2011.
PubMed
6) Yang JC, Teng CF, Wu HC, et al:Enhanced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in ground glass hepatocytes and its implication in hepatitis B virus hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 49:1962-1971, 2009.
PubMed
7) Lazarevic I, Banko A, Miljanovic D, et al:Immune-Escape Hepatitis B Virus Mutations Associated with Viral Reactivation upon Immunosuppression. Viruses 11:778, 2019.
PubMed
8) Asahina Y, Enomoto N, Ogura Y, et al:Sequential changes in full-length genomes of hepatitis B virus accompanying acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 25:787-794, 1996.
PubMed
9) Osiowy C, Villeneuve JP, Heathcote EJ, et al:Detection of rtN236T and rtA181V/T mutations associated with resistance to adefovir dipivoxil in samples from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection by the INNO-LiPA HBV DR line probe assay (version 2) . J Clin Microbiol 44:1994-1997, 2006.
PubMed
10) Caligiuri P, Cerruti R, Icardi G, et al:Overview of hepatitis B virus mutations and their implications in the management of infection. World J Gastroenterol 22:145-154, 2016.
PubMed
11) Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, et al:Naturally occurring basal core promoter A1762T/G1764A dual mutations increase the risk of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 7:12525-12536, 2016.
 
12) Yang HI, Yeh SH, Chen PJ, et al:Associations between hepatitis B virus genotype and mutants and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:1134-1143, 2008.
PubMed
13) Hayashi S, Khan A, Simons BC, et al:An Association Between Core Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus Genotype F1b and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Alaskan Native People. Hepatology 69:19-33, 2019.
 
14) Sekiba K, Otsuka M, Funato K, et al:HBx-induced degradation of Smc5/6 complex impairs homologous recombination-mediated repair of damaged DNA. J Hepatol 76:53-62, 2022.
 
15) Wang Y, Lau SH, Sham JS, et al:Characterization of HBV integrants in 14 hepatocellular carcinomas:association of truncated X gene and hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Oncogene 23:142-148, 2004.
PubMed
16) Jang JW, Chun JY, Park YM, et al:Mutational complex genotype of the hepatitis B virus X/precore regions as a novel predictive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci 103:296-304, 2012.
PubMed
P.325 掲載の参考文献
1) Kamatani Y, Wattanapokayakit S, Ochi H, et al:A genome-wide association study identifies variants in the HLA-DP locus associated with chronic hepatitis B in Asians. Nat Genet 41:591-595, 2009.
PubMed
2) Mbarek H, Ochi H, Urabe Y, et al:A genome-wide association study of chronic hepatitis B identified novel risk locus in a Japanese population. Hum Mol Genet 20:3884-3892, 2011.
 
3) Png E, Thalamuthu A, Ong RT, et al:A genome-wide association study of hepatitis B vaccine response in an Indonesian population reveals multiple independent risk variants in the HLA region. Hum Mol Genet 20:3893-3898, 2011.
 
4) Wu TW, Chen CF, Lai SK, et al:SNP rs7770370 in HLA-DPB1 loci as a major genetic determinant of response to booster hepatitis B vaccination:results of a genome-wide association study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 30:891-899, 2015.
 
5) Sakai A, Noguchi E, Fukushima T, et al:Identification of amino acids in antigen-binding site of class II HLA proteins independently associated with hepatitis B vaccine response. Vaccine 35:703-710, 2017.
PubMed
6) Nishida N, Sugiyama M, Sawai H, et al:Key HLA-DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes and role of the BTNL2 gene for response to a hepatitis B vaccine. Hepatology 68:848-858, 2018.
PubMed
7) Sawai H, Nishida N, Khor SS, et al:Genome-wide association study identified new susceptible genetic variants in HLA class I region for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 8:7958, 2018.
 
8) Trinks J, Nishida N, Hulaniuk ML, et al:Role of HLA-DP and HLA-DQ on the clearance of hepatitis B virus and the risk of chronic infection in a multiethnic population. Liver Int 37:1476-1487, 2017.
 
9) Mohammadi H, Alavian SM, Sharafi H:Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in immune-related genes with spontaneous HBsAg seroconversion:A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Immunopharmacol 110:108982, 2022.
PubMed
10) Tseng TC, Yu ML, Liu CJ, et al:Effect of host and viral factors on hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients receiving pegylated interferon-α-2a therapy. Antivir Ther 16:629-637, 2011.
 
11) Brouwer WP, Sonneveld MJ, Tabak F, et al:Polymorphisms of HLA-DP are associated with response to peginterferon in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 40:811-818, 2014.
PubMed
12) Tangkijvanich P, Chittmittraprap S, Poovorawan K, et al:A randomized clinical trial of peginterferon alpha-2b with or without entecavir in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B:Role of host and viral factors associated with treatment response. J Viral Hepat 23:427-438, 2016.
PubMed
13) Cheng L, Sun X, Tan S, et al:Effect of HLA-DP and IL28B gene polymorphisms on response to interferon treatment in hepatitis B e-antigen seropositive chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatol Res 44:1000-1007, 2014.
PubMed
14) Su TH, Yang HC, Tseng TC, et al:Distinct relapse rates and risk predictors aer discontinuing tenofovir and entecavir therapy. J Infect Dis 217:1193-1201, 2018.
 
15) O'Brien TR, Kohaar I, Pfeiffer RM, et al:Risk alleles for chronic hepatitis B are associated with decreased mRNA expression of HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 in normal human liver. Genes Immun 12:428-433, 2011.
PubMed
16) Thomas R, Thio CL, Apps R, et al:A novel variant marking HLA-DP expression levels predicts recovery from hepatitis B virus infection. J Virol 86:6979-6985, 2012.
PubMed
17) Nishida N, Sawai H, Kashiwase K, et al:New susceptibility and resistance HLA-DP alleles to HBV-related diseases identified by a trans-ethnic association study in Asia. Plos One 9:e86449, 2014.
PubMed
18) Niehrs A, Garcia-Beltran WF, Norman PJ, et al:A subset of HLA-DP molecules serve as ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. Nat Immunol 20:1129-1137, 2019.
PubMed
P.334 掲載の参考文献
1) Lok AS, Liang RH, Chiu EK, et al:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 100:182-188, 1991.
PubMed
2) Umemura T, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, et al:Mortality secondary to fulminant hepatic failure in patients with prior resolution of hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. Clin Infect Dis 47:e52-56, 2008.
PubMed
3) Hui CK, Cheung WW, Zhang HY, et al:Kinetics and risk of de novo hepatitis B infection in HBsAg-negative patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy. Gastroenterology 131:59-68, 2006.
PubMed
4) Kusumoto S, Tanaka Y, Mizokami M, et al:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following systemic chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. Int J Hematol 90:13-23, 2009.
PubMed
5) 坪内博仁, 桶屋 真, 井戸章雄, ほか:劇症肝炎及び遅発性肝不全(LOHF:late onset hepatic failure)の全国統計(2006年). 厚生労働科学研究費補助金難治性疾患克服研究事業難治性の肝・胆道疾患に関する調査研究 平成19年度研究報告, p83-94, 2008.
 
6) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
7) 森 尚義, 白木克哉:多職種連携によるHBV再活性化予防システムの構築. 感染症学雑誌 92:568-570, 2018.
 
8) 野ツ俣和夫, 松川弘樹, 山川元太, ほか:免疫抑制・化学療法施行例におけるHBV再活性化発生の現状と効率的予防管理-病院における8年間の前向き検討-. 日消誌 118:1038-1046, 2021.
Medical*Online
P.339 掲載の参考文献
1) Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al:Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B:a 2015 update. Hepatol Int 10:1-98, 2016.
PubMed
2) Tan A, Koh S, Bertoletti A:Immune Response in Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 5:a021428, 2015.
PubMed
3) Hui RW, Mak LY, Seto WK, et al:RNA interference as a novel treatment strategy for chronic hepatitis B infection. Clin Mol Hepatol 28:408-424, 2022.
PubMed
4) Liang XH, Sun H, Nichols JG, et al:RNase H1-Dependent Antisense Oligonucleotides Are Robustly Active in Directing RNA Cleavage in Both the Cytoplasm and the Nucleus. Mol Ther 25:2075-2092, 2017.
PubMed
5) Yuen MF, Heo J, Jang JW, et al:Safety, tolerability and antiviral activity of the antisense oligonucleotide bepirovirsen in patients with chronic hepatitis B:a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Nat Med 27:1725-1734, 2021.
PubMed
6) Yuen MF, Lim SG, Plesniak R, et al:Efficacy and Safety of Bepirovirsen in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection. N Engl J Med 387:1957-1968, 2022.
PubMed
7) Yuen MF, Locarnini S, Lim T, et al:Combination treatments including the small-interfering RNA JNJ-3989 induce rapid and sometimes prolonged viral responses in patients with CHB. J Hepatol 77:1287-1298, 2022.
PubMed
P.344 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Yeo YH, Ho HJ, Yang HI, et al:Factors Associated With Rates of HBsAg Seroclearance in Adults With Chronic HBV Infection:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 156:635-646. e9, 2019.
 
3) Marcellin P, Gane E, Buti M, et al:Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B:a 5-year open-label follow-up study. Lancet 381:468-475, 2013.
PubMed
4) Liaw YF, Sung JJ, Chow WC, et al:Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 351:1521-1531, 2004.
PubMed
5) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term outcome of entecavir treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 54:182-193, 2019.
PubMed
6) Koike K, Suyama K, Ito H, et al:Randomized prospective study showing the non-inferiority of tenofovir to entecavir in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatol Res 48:59-68, 2018.
PubMed
7) Chen MB, Wang H, Zheng QH, et al:Comparative efficacy of tenofovir and entecavir in nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B:A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 14:e0224773, 2019.
PubMed
8) Agarwal K, Brunetto M, Seto WK, et al:96 weeks treatment of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 68:672-681, 2018.
PubMed
9) Tenney DJ, Rose RE, Baldick CJ, et al:Long-term monitoring shows hepatitis B virus resistance to entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients is rare through 5 years of therapy. Hepatology 49:1503-1514, 2009.
PubMed
10) Zoulim F, Bialkowska-Warzecha J, Diculescu MM, et al:Entecavir plus tenofovir combination therapy for chronic hepatitis B in patients with previous nucleos(t)ide treatment failure. Hepatol Int10:779-788, 2016.
 
11) Lim YS, Lee YS, Gwak GY, et al:Monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for multiple drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B:3-year trial. Hepatology 66:772-783, 2017.
PubMed
12) Byun KS, Choi J, Kim JH, et al:Tenofovir Alafenamide for Drug-Resistant Hepatitis B:A Randomized Trial for Switching From Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:427-437. e5, 2022.
 
13) Ogawa E, Nakamuta M, Koyanagi T, et al:Switching to tenofovir alafenamide for nucleos(t)ide analogue-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B:week 144 results from a real-world, multicentre cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 56:713-722, 2022.
PubMed
14) Marcellin P, Wong DK, Sievert W, et al:Ten-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 39:1868-1875, 2019.
PubMed
15) Hwang EG, Jung AE, Yoo JJ:Risk of dyslipidemia in chronic hepatitis B patients taking tenofovir alafenamide:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int, 2023. (DOI:10. 1007/s12072-023-10528-7)
 
P.350 掲載の参考文献
1) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during long-term nucleot(s)ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B:results from a nine-year longitudinal study. J Gastroenterol 48:930-941, 2013.
PubMed
2) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term outcome of entecavir treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 54:182-193, 2019.
PubMed
3) Liaw YF, Sung JJY, Chow WC, et al:Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease. N Engl J Med 351:1521-1531, 2004.
PubMed
4) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
5) Singal AK, Salameh H, Kuo YF, et al:Meta-analysis:the impact of oral anti-viral agents on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 38:98-106, 2013.
PubMed
6) Yang HI, Yeh ML, Wong GL, et al:Real-World Effectiveness From the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV Risk Score for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Oral Antiviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 221:389-399, 2020.
 
7) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:HBcrAg is a predictor of post-treatment recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma during antiviral therapy. Liver Int 30:1461-1470, 2010.
PubMed
8) Testoni B, Lebosse F, Scholtes C, et al:Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 70:615-625, 2019.
PubMed
9) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49:457-471, 2019.
PubMed
10) Hsu YC, Suri V, Nguyen MH, et al:Inhibition of Viral Replication Reduces Transcriptionally Active Distinct Hepatitis B Virus Integrations With Implications on Host Gene Dysregulation. Gastroenterology 162:1160-1170. e1, 2022.
 
11) Inoue T, Kusumoto S, Iio E, et al:Clinical efficacy of a novel, high-sensitivity HBcrAg assay in the management of chronic hepatitis B and HBV reactivation. J Hepatol 75:302-310, 2021.
PubMed
12) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Ultrasensitive Assay for Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidences During Entecavir. Hepatol Commun 6:36-49, 2022.
PubMed
P.355 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022. [https://www.jsh.or.jp/lib/files/medical/guidelines/jsh_guidlines/B_v4.pdf]
 
2) 黒崎雅之:B型慢性肝炎に対するペグインターフェロン単独療法と核酸アナログ併用療法. 日本臨牀 73(増刊:新ウイルス性肝炎学):466-470, 2015.
 
3) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Akuta N, et al:Efficacy of 6-month interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 39:969-974, 2004.
PubMed
4) Sonneveld MJ, Wong VW, Woltman AM, et al:Polymorphisms near IL28B and serologic response to peginterferon in HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 142:513-520. e1, 2012.
 
5) Enomoto M, Nishiguchi S, Tamori A, et al:Sequential therapy involving an early switch from entecavir to pegylated interferon-α in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 48:459-468, 2018.
 
6) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Enomoto H, et al:Combinational use of hepatitis B viral antigens predicts responses to nucleos(t)ide analogue/peg-interferon sequential therapy. J Gastroenterol 53:247-257, 2018.
PubMed
7) NAFLD/NASH 診療ガイドライン 2020[改訂第2版](日本消化器病学会・日本肝臓学会 編), p28-29, 南江堂, 2020.
 
8) Enomoto H, Aizawa N, Nishikawa H, et al. :Relationship Between Hepatic Steatosis and the Elevation of Aminotransferases in HBV-Infected Patients With HBe-Antigen Negativity and a Low Viral Load. Medicine (Baltimore) 95:e3565, 2016.
 
9) Romeo S, Kozlitina J, Xing C, et al:Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Genet 40:1461-1465, 2008.
PubMed
10) Enomoto H, Aizawa N, Hasegawa K, et al:Possible Relevance of PNPLA3 and TLL1 Gene Polymorphisms to the Efficacy of PEG-IFN Therapy for HBV-Infected Patients. Int J Mol Sci 21:3089, 2020.
 
P.361 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Tanaka E, et al:Combinational use of hepatitis B viral antigens predicts responses to nucleos(t)ide analogue/peg-interferon sequential therapy. J Gastroenterol 53:247-257, 2018.
PubMed
3) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A:Guidelines for avoiding risks resulting from discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 44:1-8, 2014.
PubMed
4) Serfaty L, Thabut D, Zoulim F, et al:Sequential treatment with lamivudine and interferon monotherapies in patients with chronic hepatitis B not responding to interferon alone:results of a pilot study. Hepatology 34:573-577, 2001.
 
5) Flink HJ, van Zonneveld M, Hansen BE, et al:Treatment with Peg-interferon alpha-2b for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B:HBsAg loss is associated with HBV genotype. Am J Gastroenterol 101:297-303, 2006.
PubMed
6) Velkov S, Ott JJ, Protzer U, et al:The Global Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Distribution Approximated from Available Genotyping Data. Genes(Basel) 9:495, 2018.
PubMed
7) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Enomoto H, et al:Combinational use of hepatitis B viral antigens predicts responses to nucleos(t)ide analogue/peg-interferon sequential therapy. J Gastroenterol 53:247-257, 2018.
PubMed
8) Murata K, Asano M, Matsumoto A, et al:Induction of IFN-λ3 as an additional effect of nucleotide, not nucleoside, analogues:a new potential target for HBV infection. Gut 67:362-371, 2018.
 
P.365 掲載の参考文献
1) Sadakane A, French B, Brenner AV, et al:Radiation and Risk of Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreatic Cancers among Atomic Bomb Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki:1958-2009. Radiat Res 192:299-310, 2019.
PubMed
2) Cologne JB, Tokuoka S, Beebe GW, et al:Effects of radiation on incidence of primary liver cancer among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 152:364-373, 1999.
PubMed
3) Iwasaki T, Murata M, Ohshima S, et al:Second analysis of mortality of nuclear industry workers in Japan, 1986-1997. Radiat Res 159:228-238, 2003.
PubMed
4) Rogel A, Carre N, Amoros E, et al:Mortality of workers exposed to ionizing radiation at the French National Electricity Company. Am J Ind Med 47:72-82, 2005.
 
5) Gilbert ES, Koshurnikova NA, Sokolnikov M, et al:Liver cancers in Mayak workers. Radiat Res 154:246-252, 2000.
PubMed
6) Wang JX, Zhang LA, Li BX, et al:Cancer incidence and risk estimation among medical x-ray workers in China, 1950-1995. Health Phys 82:455-466, 2002.
 
7) Ohishi W, Fujiwara S, Cologne JB, et al:Impact of radiation and hepatitis virus infection on risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 53:1237-1245, 2011.
PubMed
8) Ohishi W, Fujiwara S, Cologne JB, et al:Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese population:a nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:846-854, 2008.
 
9) Sharp GB, Mizuno T, Cologne JB, et al:Hepatocellular carcinoma among atomic bomb survivors:significant interaction of radiation with hepatitis C virus infections. Int J Cancer 103:531-537, 2003.
PubMed
10) Sharp GB, Mizuno T, Fukuhara T, et al:Lack of association between acute exposure to ionizing radiation and liver cirrhosis. Int J Radiat Biol 82:231-240, 2006.
PubMed
11) Ohishi W, Fujiwara S, Suzuki G, et al:Feasibility of freeze-dried sera for serological and molecular biological detection of hepatitis B and C viruses. J Clin Microbiol 44:4593-4595, 2006.
 
12) Cologne J, Langholz B:Selecting controls for assessing interaction in nested case-control studies. J Epidemiol 13:193-202, 2003.
PubMed
13) Cologne JB, Sharp GB, Neriishi K, et al:Improving the efficiency of nested case-control studies of interaction by selecting controls using counter matching on exposure. Int J Epidemiol 33:485-492, 2004.
PubMed
14) Ohishi W, Cologne JB, Fujiwara S, et al:Serum interleukin-6 associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk:a nested case-control study. Int J Cancer 134:154-163, 2014.
 
P.370 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Fattovich G, Bortolotti F, Donato F:Natural history of chronic hepatitis B:special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors. J Hepatol 48:335-352, 2008.
PubMed
3) Ganem D, Prince AM:Hepatitis B virus infection-natural history and clinical consequences. N Engl J Med 350:1118-1129, 2004.
PubMed
4) McMahon BJ:Natural history of chronic hepatitis B. Clin Liver Dis 14:381-396, 2010.
PubMed
5) 慢性肝炎・肝硬変の診療ガイド 2019(日本肝臓学会 編), 文光堂, 2019.
 
6) 中尾留美子, 八橋 弘, 明時正志, ほか:B型急性肝炎とHBVキャリア急性増悪のCLIA法 IgM-HBc 抗体価による判別. 肝臓 47:279-282, 2006.
 
7) Rokuhara A, Tanaka E, Matsumoto A, et al:Clinical evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for hepatitis B virus core-related antigen; a marker distinct from viral DNA for monitoring lamivudine treatment. J Viral Hepat 10:324-330, 2003.
PubMed
8) Liu YY, Liang XS:Progression and status of antiviral monitoring in patients with chronic hepatitis B:From HBsAg to HBV RNA. World J Hepatol 10:603-611, 2018.
PubMed
9) Testoni B, Lebosse F, Scholtes C, et al:Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) correlates with covalently closed circular DNA transcriptional activity in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Hepatol 70:615-625, 2019.
PubMed
10) Chen EQ, Wang ML, Tao YC, et al:Serum HBcrAg is better than HBV RNA and HBsAg in reflecting intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA. J Viral Hepat 26:586-595, 2019.
PubMed
11) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 67:370-398, 2017.
 
12) Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al:Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B:AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 67:1560-1599, 2018.
PubMed
P.375 掲載の参考文献
1) Tsuge M:The association between hepatocarcinogenesis and intracellular alterations due to hepatitis B virus infection. Liver Int 41:2836-2848, 2021.
PubMed
2) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
3) Chen S, Zhou J, Wu X, et al:Comparison of fibrosis regression of entecavir alone or combined with pegylated interferon alpha2a in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 15:611-620, 2021.
PubMed
4) Pan CQ, Li MH, Yi W, et al:Outcome of Chinese patients with hepatitis B at 96 weeks after functional cure with IFN versus combination regimens. Liver Int 41:1498-1508, 2021.
PubMed
5) Marusawa H, Uemoto S, Hijikata M, et al:Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 31:488-495, 2000.
PubMed
6) Uemoto S, Sugiyama K, Marusawa H, et al:Transmission of hepatitis B virus from hepatitis B core antibody-positive donors in living related liver transplants. Transplantation 65:494-499, 1998.
PubMed
7) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A:Guidelines for avoiding risks resulting from discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 44:1-8, 2014.
PubMed
8) Urabe A, Imamura M, Tsuge M, et al:The relationship between HBcrAg and HBV reinfection in HBV related post-liver transplantation patients. J Gastroenterol 52:366-375, 2017.
PubMed
9) Tseng TC, Hosaka T, Liu CJ, et al:Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Stratifies the Risk of Liver Cancer in HBeAg-Negative Patients With Indeterminate Phase. Am J Gastroenterol 117:748-757, 2022.
PubMed
10) Kock J, Theilmann L, Galle P, et al:Hepatitis B virus nucleic acids associated with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells do not originate from replicating virus. Hepatology 23:405-413, 1996.
 
11) Hatakeyama T, Noguchi C, Hiraga N, et al:Serum HBV RNA is a predictor of early emergence of the YMDD mutant in patients treated with lamivudine. Hepatology 45:1179-1186, 2007.
PubMed
12) Liu Y, Xue J, Liao W, et al:Serum HBV RNA Dynamic and Drug Withdrawal Predictor Value in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection on Long-term Nucleos(t)ide Analogue (NA) Therapy. J Clin Gastroenterol 54:e73-e82, 2020.
 
13) Tsuge M, Murakami E, Imamura M, et al:Serum HBV RNA and HBeAg are useful markers for the safe discontinuation of nucleotide analogue treatments in chronic hepatitis B patients. J Gastroenterol 48:1188-1204, 2013.
PubMed
14) Giersch K, Allweiss L, Volz T, et al:Serum HBV pgRNA as a clinical marker for cccDNA activity. J Hepatol 66:460-462, 2017.
PubMed
15) Wang J, Shen T, Huang X, et al:Serum hepatitis B virus RNA is encapsidated pregenome RNA that may be associated with persistence of viral infection and rebound. J Hepatol 65:700-710, 2016.
 
P.382 掲載の参考文献
1) Kobayashi M, Hosaka T, Suzuki F, et al:Seroclearance rate of hepatitis B surface antigen in 2,112 patients with chronic hepatitis in Japan during long-term follow-up. J Gastroenterol 49:538-546, 2014.
PubMed
2) Arase Y, Ikeda K, Suzuki F, et al:Long-term outcome after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am J Med 119:71e9-e16, 2006.
 
3) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Ultrasensitive Assay for Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidences During Entecavir. Hepatol Commun 6:36-49, 2022.
PubMed
4) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:HBcrAg is a predictor of post-treatment recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma during antiviral therapy. Liver Int 30:1461-1470, 2010.
PubMed
5) Tada T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, et al:HBcrAg predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development:An analysis using time-dependent receiver operating characteristics. J Hepatol 65:48-56, 2016.
PubMed
6) Mak LY, Wong DK, Cheung KS, et al:Review article:hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg):an emerging marker for chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 47:43-54, 2018.
PubMed
7) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Hsu CY, et al:High Level of Hepatitis B Core-Related Antigen Associated With Increased Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection of Intermediate Viral Load. Gastroenterology 157:1518-1529. e3, 2019.
 
8) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Impact of hepatitis B core-related antigen on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 49:457-471, 2019; Erratum in:Aliment Pharmacol Ther 50:234-235, 2019.
 
9) Liang LY, Wong VW, Toyoda H, et al:Serum hepatitis B core-related antigen predicts hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients. J Gastroenterol 55:899-908, 2020.
PubMed
10) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Imaizumi M, et al:Potential of ultra-highly sensitive immunoassays for hepatitis B surface and core-related antigens in patients with or without development of hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance. Hepatol Res 51:426-435, 2021.
PubMed
P.388 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al:Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B:AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 67:1560-1599, 2018.
PubMed
3) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 67:370-398, 2017.
 
4) Sarin SK, Kumar M, Lau GK, et al:Asian-Pacific clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B:a 2015 update. Hepatol Int 10:1-98, 2016.
PubMed
5) Hadziyannis SJ, Vassilopoulos D:Hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 34:617-624, 2001.
PubMed
6) Wooddell CI, Yuen MF, Chan HL, et al:RNAi-based treatment of chronically infected patients and chimpanzees reveals that integrated hepatitis B virus DNA is a source of HBsAg. Sci Transl Med 9:eaan0241, 2017.
PubMed
7) Lok AS, Zoulim F, Dusheiko G, et al:Hepatitis B cure:From discovery to regulatory approval. Hepatology 66:1296-1313, 2017.
PubMed
8) Xu X, Su Y, Song R, et al:Performance of transient elastography assessing fibrosis of single hepatitis B virus infection:a systematic review and meta-analysis of a diagnostic test. Hepatol Int 9:558-566, 2015.
 
9) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al:Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28:1660-1665, 2010.
PubMed
10) Yuen MF, Tanaka Y, Fong DY, et al:Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 50:80-88, 2009.
PubMed
11) Yang HI, Yuen MF, Chan HL, et al:Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B(REACH-B):development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol 12:568-574, 2011.
PubMed
P.394 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Zeuzem S, Welsch C, Herrmann E:Pharmacokinetics of peginterferons. Semin Liver Dis 23(Suppl 1):23-28, 2003.
 
3) Cooksley WG, Piratvisuth T, Lee SD, et al:Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa):an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 10:298-305, 2003.
PubMed
4) 林 紀夫, 清澤研道, 坪内博仁, ほか:B型慢性肝炎患者に対するペグインターフェロン α-2a の有効性及び安全性の検討. 肝臓 53:135-146, 2012.
 
5) Takkenberg B, Terpstra V, Zaaijer H, et al:Intrahepatic response markers in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2a and adefovir. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 26:1527-1535, 2011.
PubMed
6) Wursthorn K, Lutgehetmann M, Dandri M, et al:Peginterferon alpha-2b plus adefovir induce strong cccDNA decline and HBsAg reduction in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 44:675-684, 2006.
PubMed
7) Marcellin P, Ahn SH, Ma X, et al:Combination of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Peginterferon α-2a Increases Loss of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 150:134-144. e10, 2016.
 
P.399 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Ono-Nita SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, et al:YMDD motif in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase influences on replication and lamivudine resistance:A study by in vitro full-length viral DNA transfection. Hepatology 29:939-945, 1999.
PubMed
3) Ono-Nita SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, et al:Susceptibility of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus to other reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Clin Invest 103:1635-1640, 1999.
PubMed
4) Ono SK, Kato N, Shiratori Y, et al:The polymerase L528M mutation cooperates with nucleotide binding-site mutations, increasing hepatitis B virus replication and drug resistance. J Clin Invest 107:449-455, 2001.
PubMed
5) Fung J, Seto WK, Lai CL, et al:Extrahepatic effects of nucleoside and nucleotide analogues in chronic hepatitis B treatment. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 29:428-434, 2014.
PubMed
6) Suzuki F, Suzuki Y, Hosaka T, et al:Efficacy of long-term tenofovir-based rescue therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B refractory to nucleoside/nucleotide analogs. J Gastroenterol 52:641-651, 2017.
PubMed
7) Suzuki F, Sezaki H, Akuta N, et al:Virologic breakthrough in a patient with chronic hepatitis B by combination treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir. Drug Des Devel Ther 8:869-873, 2014.
 
8) Fontana RJ:Side effects of long-term oral antiviral therapy for hepatitis B. Hepatology 49:S185-S195, 2009.
PubMed
9) Chan HL, Fung S, Seto WK, et al:Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection:a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 1:185-195, 2016.
PubMed
10) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
11) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al:Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28:1660-1665, 2010.
PubMed
12) Singal AK, Salameh H, Kuo YF, et al:Meta-analysis:the impact of oral anti-viral agents on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 38:98-106, 2013.
PubMed
13) Kim WR, Loomba R, Berg T, et al:Impact of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Cancer 121:3631-3638, 2015.
PubMed
P.405 掲載の参考文献
1) Fong TL, Lee BT, Tien A, et al:Improvement of bone mineral density and markers of proximal renal tubular function in chronic hepatitis B patients switched from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to tenofovir alafenamide. J Viral Hepat 26:561-567, 2019.
PubMed
2) Uchida Y, Nakao M, Yamada S, et al:Superiority of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate over entecavir for serum HBsAg level reduction in patients with chronic HBV infection:A 144-week outcome study after switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog. PLoS One 17:e0262764, 2022.
PubMed
3) Li ZB, Li L, Niu XX, et al:Switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide for chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viraemia. Liver Int 41:1254-1264, 2021.
PubMed
4) Nguyen MH, Atsukawa M, Ishikawa T, et al:Outcomes of Sequential Therapy With Tenofovir Alafenamide After Long-term Entecavir. Am J Gastroenterol 116:1264-1273, 2021.
PubMed
5) Uchida Y, Nakao M, Tsuji S, et al:Significance of switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog used to treat Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. J Med Virol 92:329-338, 2020.
PubMed
6) Hagiwara S, Nishida N, Ueshima K, et al:Comparison of efficacy and safety of entecavir and switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate in chronic hepatitis B:Long-term effects from a prospective study. Hepatol Res 51:767-774, 2021.
PubMed
7) Ogawa E, Nakamuta M, Koyanagi T, et al:Switching to tenofovir alafenamide for nucleos(t)ide analogue-experienced patients with chronic hepatitis B:week 144 results from a real-world, multi-centre cohort study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 56:713-722, 2022.
PubMed
8) Murata K, Asano M, Matsumoto A, et al:Induction of IFN-λ3 as an additional effect of nucleotide, not nucleoside, analogues:a new potential target for HBV infection. Gut 67:362-371, 2018.
 
9) Chen CC, Wang PC, Chang HW, et al:Safety and efficacy of two-step peginterferon α-2a treatment in patients of chronic hepatitis B with acute exacerbation. J Viral Hepat 19:161-172, 2012.
 
10) Ning Q, Han M, Sun Y, et al:Switching from entecavir to PegIFN alfa-2a in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B:a randomised open-label trial (OSST trial). J Hepatol 61:777-784, 2014.
 
11) Boglione L, D'Avolio A, Cariti G, et al:Sequential therapy with entecavir and PEG-INF in patients affected by chronic hepatitis B and high levels of HBV-DNA with non-D genotypes. J Viral Hepat 20:e11-19, 2013.
 
12) Xie Q, Zhou H, Bai X, et al:A randomized, open-label clinical study of combined pegylated interferon Alfa-2a (40KD) and entecavir treatment for hepatitis B "e" antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Clin Infect Dis 59:1714-1723, 2014.
PubMed
13) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Enomoto H, et al:Combinational use of hepatitis B viral antigens predicts responses to nucleos(t)ide analogue/peg-interferon sequential therapy. J Gastroenterol 53:247-257, 2018.
PubMed
14) Hu P, Shang J, Zhang W, et al:HBsAg Loss with Peg-interferon Alfa-2a in Hepatitis B Patients with Partial Response to Nucleos(t)ide Analog:New Switch Study. J Clin Transl Hepatol 6:25-34, 2018.
PubMed
15) Matsumoto A, Nishiguchi S, Enomoto H, et al:Pilot study of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and pegylated interferon-alpha 2a add-on therapy in Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Gastroenterol 55:977-989, 2020.
 
P.410 掲載の参考文献
1) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
2) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 47:814-822, 2012.
PubMed
3) 林 紀夫, 清澤研道, 坪内博仁, ほか:B型慢性肝炎患者に対するペグインターフェロン α-2a の有効性及び安全性の検討. 肝臓 53:135-146, 2012.
 
4) Suzuki F, Hosaka T, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term outcome of entecavir treatment of nucleos(t)ide analogue-naive chronic hepatitis B patients in Japan. J Gastroenterol 54:182-193, 2019.
PubMed
5) Koike K, Suyama K, Ito H, et al:Randomized prospective study showing the non-inferiority of tenofovir to entecavir in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatology Res 48:59-68, 2018.
PubMed
6) Agarwal K, Brunetto M, Seto WK, et al:96 weeks treatment of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 68:672-681, 2018.
PubMed
7) Tanaka E, Matsumoto A:Guidelines for avoiding risks resulting from discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology Res 44:1-8, 2014.
 
P.415 掲載の参考文献
1) Zoulim F, Durantel D:Antiviral therapies and prospects for a cure of chronic hepatitis B. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 5:a021501, 2015.
PubMed
2) Suzuki F, Arase Y, Suzuki Y, et al:Long-term efficacy of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. J Gastroenterol 47:814-822, 2012.
PubMed
3) Lau GK, Piratvisuth T, Luo KX, et al:Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 352:2682-2695, 2005.
PubMed
4) Piratvisuth T, Lau G, Chao YC, et al:Sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kD) with or without lamivudine in Asian patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Int 2:102-110, 2008.
PubMed
5) Liaw YF, Jia JD, Chan HL, et al:Shorter durations and lower doses of peginterferon alfa-2a are associated with inferior hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion rates in hepatitis B virus genotypes B or C. Hepatology 54:1591-1599, 2011.
PubMed
6) 林 紀夫, 清澤研道, 坪内博仁, ほか:B型慢性肝炎患者に対するペグインターフェロン α-2a の有効性及び安全性の検討. 肝臓 53:135-146, 2012.
 
7) Buster EH, Flink HJ, Cakaloglu Y, et al:Sustained HBeAg and HBsAg loss after long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon alpha-2b. Gastroenterology 135:459-467, 2008.
PubMed
8) Wong VW, Wong GL, Yan KK, et al:Durability of peginterferon alfa-2b treatment at 5 years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 51:1945-1953, 2010.
PubMed
9) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Clearance of hepatitis B surface antigen during long-term nucleot(s)ide analog treatment in chronic hepatitis B:results from a nine-year longitudinal study. J Gastroenterol 48:930-941, 2013.
PubMed
10) Hara T, Suzuki F, Kawamura Y, et al:Long-term entecavir therapy results in falls in serum hepatitis B surface antigen levels and seroclearance in nucleos(t)ide-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. J Viral Hepat 21:802-808, 2014.
PubMed
11) Chang TT, Gish RG, de Man R, et al:A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 354:1001-1010, 2006.
 
12) Gish RG, Chang TT, Lai CL, et al:Loss of HBsAg antigen during treatment with entecavir or lamivudine in nucleoside-naive HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 17:16-22, 2010.
 
13) Zoutendijk R, Reijnders JG, Brown A, et al:Entecavir treatment for chronic hepatitis B:adaptation is not needed for the majority of naive patients with a partial virological response. Hepatology 54:443-451, 2011.
 
14) Chang TT, Lai CL, Kew Yoon S, et al:Entecavir treatment for up to 5 years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 51:422-430, 2010.
PubMed
15) Marcellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, et al:Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 359:2442-2455, 2008.
PubMed
16) Heathcote EJ, Marcellin P, Buti M, et al:Three-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 140:132-143, 2011.
PubMed
17) Chan HL, Fung S, Seto WK, et al:Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection:a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 1:185-195, 2016.
PubMed
18) Agarwal K, Fung S, Seto WK, et al:A phase 3 study comparing tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with HBeAg-positive, chronic hepatitis B (CHB):efficacy and safety results at week 96. J Hepatol(1 Suppl) 66:S478, 2017.
 
19) Akuta N, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Correlation between hepatitis B virus surface antigen level and alpha-fetoprotein in patients free of hepatocellular carcinoma or severe hepatitis. J Med Virol 86:131-138, 2014.
PubMed
P.423 掲載の参考文献
1) 渡士幸一:HBV感染生活環と培養系. 肝疾患 Review 2014-2015(小俣政男 監/椎名秀一朗, 坂本直哉, 丸澤宏之 編), p20-26, 日本メディカルセンター, 2014.
 
2) Yardeni D, Chang KM, Ghany MG:Current Best Practice in Hepatitis B Management and Understanding Long-term Prospects for Cure. Gastroenterology 164:42-60. e6, 2023.
 
3) Yan H, Zhong G, Xu G, et al:Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. Elife 1:e00049, 2012.
 
4) Kaneko S, Kakinuma S, Asahina Y, et al:Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatic cell lines as a new model for host interaction with hepatitis B virus. Sci Rep 6:29358, 2016.
PubMed
5) Hepatitis B Foundation. [https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/drug-watch/]
 
6) 田中靖人:B型肝炎の最新治療-創薬研究から臨床応用へ-. 日本消化器病学会雑誌 119:802-811, 2022.
Medical*Online
7) Lucifora J, Xia Y, Reisinger F, et al:Specific and nonhepatotoxic degradation of nuclear hepatitis B virus cccDNA. Science 343:1221-1228, 2014.
PubMed
8) Yuen MF, Heo J, Jang JW, et al:Safety, tolerability and antiviral activity of the antisense oligonucleotide bepirovirsen in patients with chronic hepatitis B:a phase 2 randomized controlled trial. Nat Med 27:1725-1734, 2021.
PubMed
P.428 掲載の参考文献
1) Umemura T, Tanaka E, Kiyosawa K, et al:Japan de novo Hepatitis BRG:Mortality secondary to fulminant hepatic failure in patients with prior resolution of hepatitis B virus infection in Japan. Clin Infect Dis 47:e52-56, 2008.
 
2) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
3) Suda G, Baba M, Yamamoto Y, et al:Prophylactic tenofovir alafenamide for hepatitis B virus reactivation and reactivation-related hepatitis. J Med Virol 95:e28452, 2023.
PubMed
4) Ng KYY, Wong LWJ, Ang AJS, et al:Real-world efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma:Experience of a tertiary Asian Center. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 17:e249-e261, 2021.
PubMed
5) Meyer T, Melero I, Yau T, et al:Hepatic safety and biomarker assessments in sorafenib-experienced patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nivolumab in the CheckMate-040 study. Journal of Hepatology 68(Suppl 1):S16, 2018.
 
6) Takayama H, Sato T, Ikeda F, et al:Reactivation of hepatitis B virus during interferon-free therapy with daclatasvir and asunaprevir in patient with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection. Hepatol Res 46:489-491, 2016.
PubMed
7) ブリストルマイヤーズスクラブ株式会社:ダクルインザ・スンベプラ 適正使用のお願い, 2016.
 
8) Kawagishi N, Suda G, Onozawa M, et al:Hepatitis B virus reactivation during hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with previous HBV infection. J Hepatol 67:1106-1108, 2017.
PubMed
9) Kawagishi N, Suda G, Sakamori R, et al:Serum IL-1β predicts de novo hepatitis B virus reactivation during direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C, not during anti-cancer/immunosuppressive therapy. Sci Rep 12:16800, 2022.
 
P.431 掲載の参考文献
1) 江口 晋, 梅下浩司, 江口英利, ほか:肝移植症例登録報告. 移植 57:221-237, 2022.
 
2) Samuel D, Bismuth A, Mathieu D, et al:Passive immunoprophylaxis after liver transplantation in HBsAg-positive patients. Lancet 337:813-815, 1991.
PubMed
3) Terrault NA, Zhou S, McCory RW, et al:Incidence and clinical consequences of surface and polymerase gene mutations in liver transplant recipients on hepatitis B immunoglobulin. Hepatology 28:555-561, 1998.
PubMed
4) Gane EJ, Angus PW, Strasser S, et al:Lamivudine plus low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin to prevent recurrent hepatitis B following liver transplantation. Gastroenterology 132:931-937, 2007.
PubMed
5) Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV:High genetic barrier nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) for prophylaxis from hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation:a systematic review. Am J Transplant 13:353-362, 2013.
PubMed
6) Lenci I, Baiocchi L, Tariciotti L, et al:Complete hepatitis B virus prophylaxis withdrawal in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive liver transplant recipients after longterm minimal immunosuppression. Liver Transpl 22:1205-1213, 2016.
PubMed
7) Takaki A, Yagi T, Yasunaka T, et al:Which patients respond best to hepatitis B vaccination after a hepatitis B virus-related liver transplantation? J Gastroenterol 48:1373-1383, 2013.
PubMed
8) Yang A, Guo Z, Ren Q, et al:Active immunization in patients transplanted for hepatitis B virus related liver diseases:A prospective study. PLoS One 12:e0188190, 2017.
 
9) Cholongitas E, Papatheodoridis GV, Burroughs AK:Liver grafts from anti-hepatitis B core positive donors:a systematic review. J Hepatol 52:272-279, 2010.
PubMed
10) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines:Liver transplantation. J Hepatol 64:433-485, 2016.
 
11) Wong TC, Fung JY, Cui TY, et al:Liver transplantation using hepatitis B core positive grafts with antiviral monotherapy prophylaxis. J Hepatol 70:1114-1122, 2019.
PubMed
12) Tahara H, Tanaka Y, Ishiyama K, et al:Successful hepatitis B vaccination in liver transplant recipients with donor-specific hyporesponsiveness. Transpl Int 22:805-813, 2009.
PubMed
13) Urabe A, Imamura M, Tsuge M, et al:The relationship between HBcrAg and HBV reinfection in HBV related post-liver transplantation patients. J Gastroenterol 52:366-375, 2017.
PubMed
14) Yin S, Zhang F, Wu J, et al:Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of HBV reactivation in non-liver solid organ transplant recipients with resolved HBV infection:A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 20:e1004196, 2023.
PubMed
P.438 掲載の参考文献
1) 抗HIV治療ガイドライン(HIV感染症および血友病における医療の構築と医療水準の向上を目指した研究班), 2023.
 
2) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会 肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), 2022.
 
3) Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV, IDSA, 2022. [https://www.idsociety.org/practice-guideline/prevention-and-treatment-of-opportunistic-infections-among-adults-and-adolescents/]
 
4) HIV/AIDS 2021年. IASR 43:221-223, 2022.
 
5) 柴山隆男, 増田剛太, 味澤 篤, ほか:わが国のHIV感染者におけるHAV感染とHEV感染の比較. 肝臓 46:663-664, 2005.
 
6) 溝上雅史(研究代表者):B型肝炎ジェノタイプA型感染の慢性化など本邦における実態とその予防に関する研究, 2011. [https://mhlw-grants.niph.go.jp/project/19999]
 
7) Fujisaki S, Yokomaku Y, Shiino T, et al:Outbreak of infections by hepatitis B virus genotype A and transmission of genetic drug resistance in patients coinfected with HIV-1 in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 49:1017-1024, 2011.
PubMed
8) Soriano V, Poveda E, Vispo E, et al:Hepatitis B in HIV-infected patients. Clin Liver Dis 17:489-501, 2013.
PubMed
9) Chang JJ, Mohtashemi N, Bhattacharya D:Significance and Management of Isolated Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc) in HIV and HCV:Strategies in the DAA Era. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 15:172-181, 2018.
PubMed
10) Matthews GV, Bartholomeusz A, Locarnini S, et al:Characteristics of drug resistant HBV in an international collaborative study of HIV-HBV-infected individuals on extended lamivudine therapy. AIDS 20:863-870, 2006.
 
11) Bihl F, Martinetti G, Wandeler G, et al:HBV genotypes and response to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in HIV/HBV-coinfected persons. BMC Gastroenterol 15:79, 2015.
PubMed
12) Sako A, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, et al:Acute hepatitis B in Japan:Incidence, clinical practices and health policy. Hepatol Res 41:39-45, 2011.
PubMed
13) Martin-Carbonero L, Miguel R, Serrano L, et al:Acute hepatitis B among HIV positive persons:A two-decade review of cases from a Spanish cohort. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) 40:121-124, 2022.
 
14) 日本における HIV 感染予防のための曝露前予防(PrEP)利用の手引き(令和2～4年度厚生労働省科学研究費補助金(エイズ対策政策研究事業)「HIV 感染症の曝露前及び曝露後の予防投薬の提供体制の整備に資する研究」(研究分担者:谷口俊文, 研究代表者:水島大輔)), 2022. [https://jaids.jp/wpsystem/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/50556e2bf74e7aa19c8ede37d0966d6d.pdf]
 
P.442 掲載の参考文献
1) Yang YF, Zhao W, Zhong YD, et al:Interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis B reduces progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma:a meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 16:265-271, 2009.
PubMed
2) Miyake Y, Kobashi H, Yamamoto K:Meta-analysis:the effect of interferon on development of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Gastroenterol 44:470-475, 2009.
PubMed
3) Sung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, et al:Meta-analysis:Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 28:1067-1077, 2008.
PubMed
4) Sun HC, Tang ZY, Wang L, et al:Postoperative interferon alpha treatment postponed recurrence and improved overall survival in patients after curative resection of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma:a randomized clinical trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 132:458-465, 2006.
PubMed
5) Lo CM, Liu CL, Chan SC, et al:A randomized, controlled trial of postoperative adjuvant interferon therapy after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg 245:831-842, 2007.
PubMed
6) Chen LT, Chen MF, Li LA, et al:Long-term results of a randomized, observation-controlled, phase III trial of adjuvant interferon Alfa-2b in hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Ann Surg 255:8-17, 2012.
PubMed
7) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
8) Kim WR, Loomba R, Berg T, et al:Impact of long-term tenofovir disoproxil fumarate on incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Cancer 121:3631-3638, 2015.
PubMed
9) Choi J, Kim HJ, Lee J, et al:Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Treated With Entecavir vs Tenofovir for Chronic Hepatitis B:A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol 5:30-36, 2019.
 
10) Kim SU, Seo YS, Lee HA, et al:A multicenter study of entecavir vs. tenofovir on prognosis of treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B in South Korea. J Hepatol 71:456-464, 2019.
PubMed
11) Choi WM, Choi J, Lim YS:Effects of Tenofovir vs Entecavir on Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic HBV Infection:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 19:246-258. e9, 2021.
 
12) Choi WM, Yip TC, Lim YS, et al:Methodological challenges of performing meta-analyses to compare the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma between chronic hepatitis B treatments. J Hepatol 76:186-194, 2022.
PubMed
13) B型肝炎治療ガイドライン(第4版)(日本肝臓学会肝炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会 編), p73-82, 2022.
 
14) Xia BW, Zhang YC, Wang J, et al:Efficacy of antiviral therapy with nucleotide/nucleoside analogs after curative treatment for patients with hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma:Asystematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 39:458-468, 2015.
 
15) Giri S, Agrawal D, Afzalpurkar S, et al:Tenofovir versus entecavir for tertiary prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B infection after curative therapy:A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Viral Hepat 30:108-115, 2023.
PubMed
P.447 掲載の参考文献
1) Komatsu H, Klenerman P, Thimme R:Discordance of hepatitis B vaccination policies for healthcare workers between the USA, the UK, and Germany. Hepatol Res 50:272-282, 2020.
PubMed
2) 一般社団法人 日本輸血・細胞治療学会:輸血後感染症検査実施症例の選択について, 令和2年7月. [http://yuketsu.jstmct.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/764d8712dd2e0a67f916715e172bda16.pdf]
 
3) Chapter 18:Hepatitis B. In:The Green Book on Immunisation, 4 February 2022. [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1052889/Greenbook-chapter-18-4Feb22.pdf］
 
4) Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, et al:Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States:Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep 67:1-31, 2018.
PubMed
5) Kumar M, Abbas Z, Azami M, et al:Asian Pacific association for the study of liver (APASL)guidelines:hepatitis B virus in pregnancy. Hepatol Int 16:211-253, 2022.
 
6) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol 67:370-398, 2017.
 
7) Terrault NA, Bzowej NH, Chang KM, et al:AASLD guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 63:261-283, 2016.
PubMed
8) Van Damme P:Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccine. J Infect Dis 214:1-3, 2016.
PubMed
P.452 掲載の参考文献
1) Hollinger FB, Martin A:Hepatitis A virus. In:Fields Virology, 6th ed(ed by Knipe D, Howley P), p550-581, Lippincott Williams & Willkins, Philadelphia, 2013.
 
2) Perez-Sautu U, Costafreda MI, Lite J, et al:Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis A virus infections in Catalonia, Spain, 2005-2009:circulation of newly emerging strains. J Clin Virol 52:98-102, 2011.
PubMed
3) 一般社団法人日本ワクチン産業協会:ワクチン類の生産実績. 2022 ワクチンの基礎-ワクチンの製造から流通まで, 2022. [http://www.wakutin.or.jp/medical/pdf/kiso_2022.pdf#page=58]
 
4) World Health Organization:WHO position paper on hepatitis A vaccines-October 2022. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 97:493-512, 2022.
 
5) Jacobsen KH:Globalization and the Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 8:a031716, 2018.
PubMed
6) Xu ZY, Li ZH, Wang JX, et al:Ecology and prevention of a shellfish-associated hepatitis A epidemic in Shanghai, China. Vaccine 10(Suppl 1):S67-68, 1992.
 
7) Fiore AE:Hepatitis A transmitted by food. Clin Infect Dis 38:705-715, 2004.
PubMed
8) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC):Hepatitis A among persons with hemophilia who received clotting factor concentrate-United States, September-December 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 45:29-32, 1996.
PubMed
9) Hughes JA, Fontaine MJ, Gonzalez CL, et al:Case report of a transfusion-associated hepatitis A infection. Transfusion 54:2202-2206, 2014.
PubMed
10) Kiyohara T, Ishii K, Satake M, et al:Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A virus infection in Japan:An area of very low endemicity. Microbiol Immunol 67:14-21, 2023.
PubMed
11) 厚生労働省:感染症発生動向調査について. [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000115283.html]
 
12) Kiyohara T, Sato T, Totsuka A, et al:Shifting seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Japan, 1973-2003. Microbiol Immunol 51:185-191, 2007.
PubMed
13) 国立感染症研究所, 厚生労働省健康局結核感染症課:A型肝炎 2015年～2019年3月現在. 病原微生物検出情報(IASR) 40:147-157, 2019.
 
14) Ishii K, Kiyohara T, Yoshizaki S, et al:Epidemiological and genetic analysis of a 2014 outbreak of hepatitis A in Japan. Vaccine 33:6029-6036, 2015.
PubMed
15) Freidl GS, Sonder GJ, Bovee LP, et al:Hepatitis A outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) predominantly linked with the EuroPride, the Netherlands, July 2016 to February 2017. Euro Surveill 22:30468, 2017.
PubMed
P.458 掲載の参考文献
1) Feinstone SM, Kapikian AZ, Purceli RH:Hepatitis A:detection by immune electron microscopy of a viruslike antigen associated with acute illness. Science 182:1026-1028, 1973.
PubMed
2) Feng Z, Hensley L, McKnight KL, et al:A pathogenic picornavirus acquires an envelope by hijacking cellular membranes. Nature 496:367-371, 2013.
PubMed
3) Shirasaki T, Gonzalez-Lopez O, McKnight KL, et al:Nonlytic Quasi-Enveloped Hepatovirus Release Is Facilitated by pX Protein Interaction with the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ITCH. J Virol 96:e0119522, 2022.
PubMed
4) Chen P, Wojdyla JA, Colasanti O, et al:Biochemical and structural characterization of hepatitis A virus 2C reveals an unusual ribonuclease activity on single-stranded RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 50:9470-9489, 2022.
PubMed
5) Aragones L, Guix S, Ribes E, et al:Fine-tuning translation kinetics selection as the driving force of codon usage bias in the hepatitis A virus capsid. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000797, 2010.
PubMed
6) Drexler JF, Corman VM, Lukashev AN, et al:Evolutionary origins of hepatitis A virus in small mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:15190-15195, 2015.
PubMed
7) Kaplan G, Totsuka A, Thompson P, et al:Identification of a surface glycoprotein on African green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis A virus. EMBO J 15:4282-4296, 1996.
PubMed
8) Das A, Maury W, Lemon SM:TIM1 (HAVCR1):an Essential " Receptor" or an " Accessory Attachment Factor" for Hepatitis A Virus? J Virol 93:e01793-18, 2019.
 
9) Das A, Barrientos R, Shiota T, et al:Gangliosides are essential endosomal receptors for quasi-enveloped and naked hepatitis A virus. Nat Microbiol 5:1069-1078, 2020.
PubMed
10) Kulsuptrakul J, Wang R, Meyers NL, et al:A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies UFMylation and TRAMP-like complexes as host factors required for hepatitis A virus infection. Cell Rep 34:108859, 2021.
PubMed
11) Li Y, Misumi I, Shiota T, et al:The ZCCHC14/TENT4 complex is required for hepatitis A virus RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 119:e2204511119. 2022.
PubMed
12) Feng Z, Lemon SM:Innate Immunity to Enteric Hepatitis Viruses. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 9:a033464, 2019.
PubMed
13) Yang Y, Liang Y, Qu L, et al:Disruption of innate immunity due to mitochondrial targeting of a picornaviral protease precursor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:7253-7258, 2007.
 
14) Qu L, Feng Z, Yamane D, et al:Disruption of TLR3 signaling due to cleavage of TRIF by the hepatitis A virus protease-polymerase processing intermediate, 3CD. PLoS Pathog 7:e1002169, 2011.
PubMed
15) Wang D, Fang L, Wei D, et al:Hepatitis A virus 3C protease cleaves NEMO to impair induction of beta interferon. J Virol 88:10252-10258, 2014.
 
P.464 掲載の参考文献
1) WHO:Hepatitis A. Updated 24 June 2022. [https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a]
 
2) 山崎一美:薬物性肝障害及び急性発症型自己免疫性肝炎を含む急性肝炎の発生状況および重症化, 劇症化に関する因子に関する研究の報告, 2021.
 
3) 瀬戸山 浩, 佐田通夫, Paul Beninger, ほか:福岡県筑後地方に多発したA型肝炎の検討. 肝臓 22:1386-1392, 1981.
 
4) 日野和彦, 佐田通夫, 丸山直人, ほか:A 型急性肝炎の季節発生性およびしじみ貝におけるHAVの取り込み実験についての検討. 肝臓 26:1415, 1985.
 
5) Beebeejaun K, Degala S, Balogun K, et al:Outbreak of hepatitis A associated with men who have sex with men (MSM), England, July 2016 to January 2017. Euro Surveill 22:30454, 2017.
PubMed
6) Farfour E, Lesprit P, Chan Hew Wai A, et al:Acute hepatitis A breakthrough in MSM in Paris area:implementation of targeted hepatitis A virus vaccine in a context of vaccine shortage. AIDS 32:531-532, 2018.
 
7) Rodriguez-Tajes S, Perpinan E, Caballol B, et al:Hepatitis A outbreak in Barcelona among men who have sex with men (MSM), January-June 2017:A hospital perspective. Liver Int 38:588-593, 2018.
PubMed
8) Chen GJ, Lin KY, Sun HY, et al:Incidence of acute hepatitis A among HIV-positive patients during an outbreak among MSM in Taiwan:Impact of HAV vaccination. Liver Int 38:594-601, 2018.
PubMed
9) Koibuchi T, Koga M, Kikuchi T, et al:Prevalence of Hepatitis A Immunity and Decision-tree Analysis Among Men Who Have Sex With Men and Are Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tokyo. Clin Infect Dis 71:473-479, 2020.
PubMed
10) Lemon SM, Ott JJ, Damme PV, et al:Type A viral hepatitis:A summary and update on the molecular virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. J Hepatol 68:167-184, 2018.
 
P.467 掲載の参考文献
1) Sato M, Tateishi R, Yasunaga H, et al:Acute liver disease in Japan:a nationwide analysis of the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination database. J Gastroenterol 49:547-554, 2014.
PubMed
2) Koga M, Lim LA, Ogishi M, et al:Comparison of the Clinical Features of Hepatitis A in People Living with HIV between Pandemics in 1999-2000 and 2017-2018 in the Metropolitan Area of Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 73:89-95, 2020.
PubMed
3) 井上 淳, 正宗 淳:A型, E型肝炎の日本における現況と課題. 日本内科学会雑誌 109:1439-1444, 2020.
 
4) 厚生労働省:A型肝炎-感染症法に基づく医師及び獣医師の届出について. [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou11/01-04-03.html]
 
5) 川口 巧, 鳥村拓司:A型肝炎の診断・治療. 日本臨牀 73(増刊:新ウイルス性肝炎学):589-592, 2015.
 
6) Bower WA, Nainan OV, Han X, et al:Duration of viremia in hepatitis A virus infection. J Infect Dis 182:12-17, 2000.
PubMed
7) Hyun JJ, Seo YS, An H, et al:Optimal time for repeating the IgM anti-hepatitis A virus antibody test in acute hepatitis A patients with a negative initial test. Korean J Hepatol 18:56-62, 2012.
PubMed
8) Kim JI, Kim YS, Jung YK, et al:Factors influencing the severity of acute viral hepatitis A. Korean J Hepatol 16:295-300, 2010.
PubMed
9) 岡井 研, 喜田栄作, 松橋暢生, ほか:IgM-HA 抗体が偽陽性となった急性発症型自己免疫性肝炎の1例. 肝臓 54:27-32, 2013.
 
10) 国立感染研究所 感染症情報センター:A型肝炎 2010年第1～28週(2010年7月21日時点), 2010. [http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/hepatitisA/2010week28.html]
 
11) Nakao M, Nakayama N, Uchida Y, et al:Deteriorated outcome of recent patients with acute liver failure and late-onset hepatic failure caused by infection with hepatitis A virus:A subanalysis of patients seen between 1998 and 2015 and enrolled in nationwide surveys in Japan. Hepatol Res 49:844-852, 2019.
PubMed
12) 伊藤玲子:A型肝炎の疫学, 病態, 治療. 臨床とウイルス 48:100-106, 2020.
Medical*Online
13) Fujiwara K, Kojima H, Yasui S, et al:Hepatitis A viral load in relation to severity of the infection. J Med Virol 83:201-207, 2011.
PubMed
14) Lee HW, Chang DY, Moon HJ, et al:Clinical Factors and Viral Load Influencing Severity of Acute Hepatitis A. PLoS One 10:e0130728, 2015.
PubMed
15) Jeong SH, Lee HS:Hepatitis A:clinical manifestations and management. Intervirology 53:15-19, 2010
PubMed
P.471 掲載の参考文献
1) Yamamoto C, Ko K, Nagashima S, et al:Very low prevalence of anti-HAV in Japan:high potential for future outbreak. Sci Rep 9:1493, 2019.
PubMed
2) WHO:Hepatitis A, countries or areas at risk. [http://gamapserver.who.int/mapLibrary/Files/Maps/Global_HepA_ITHRiskMap.png]
 
3) 厚生労働省:感染症法に基づく消毒・滅菌の手引きについて. 健感発1227第1号平成30年12月27日. [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000548441.pdf]
 
4) Fiore, AE:Hepatitis A transmitted by Food. Clin Infect Dis 38:705-715, 2004.
PubMed
5) Nelson NP:Updated Dosing Instructions for Immune Globulin (Human) GamaSTAN S/D for Hepatitis A Virus Prophylaxis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 66:959-960, 2017.
 
6) 生物学的製剤基準. [https://www.niid.go.jp/niid/images/qa/seibutuki/seibutsuki_japanese/20230522.pdf]
 
7) 医薬品インタビューフォーム エイムゲン. [https://www.kmbiologics.com/medical/pdf/vaccine/aimmugen_if_2303_15.pdf]
 
8) Zuckerman JN, Kirkpatrick CT, Huang M:Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Avaxim (160 AU)as compared with Havrix (1440 EL. U) as a booster following primary immunization with Havrix(1440 EL. U) against hepatitis A. J Travel Med 5:18-22, 1998.
 
9) Fukushima S, Kiyohara T, Ishii K, et al:Immunogenicity of aluminum-adsorbed hepatitis A vaccine (Havrix) administered as a third dose after primary doses of Japanese aluminum-free hepatitis A vaccine (Aimmugen) for Japanese travelers to endemic countries. Vaccine 35:6412-6415, 2017.
PubMed
P.475 掲載の参考文献
1) 鈴木哲朗, 前城達次, 佐久川 廣:D型肝炎 疫学と病態. 臨床とウイルス 48:150-153, 2020.
Medical*Online
2) Stockdale AJ, Kreuels B, Henrion MYR, et al:The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection:Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 73:523-532, 2020.
PubMed
3) Chen HY, Shen DT, Ji DZ, et al:Prevalence and burden of hepatitis D virus infection in the global population:a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 68:512-521, 2019.
PubMed
4) Vlachogiannakos J, Papatheodoridis GV:New epidemiology of hepatitis delta. Liver Int 40(Suppl 1):48-53, 2020.
 
5) Tamura I, Ichimura H, Itoh Y, et al:Prevalence of antibody to delta antigen among HBV carriers in Japan. J Med Virol 22:217-221, 1987.
PubMed
6) Iwanami E, Yano M, Koga M, et al:Local spread of HDV infection transiently occurring in Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8:565-568, 1993.
PubMed
7) Sakugawa H, Nakasone H, Shokita H, et al:Seroepidemiological study on hepatitis delta virus infection in the Irabu Islands, Okinawa, Japan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:299-304, 1997.
PubMed
8) Orito E, Ichida T, Sakugawa H, et al:Geographic distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype in patients with chronic HBV infection in Japan. Hepatology 34:590-594, 2001.
PubMed
9) Maeshiro T, Arakaki S, Watanabe T, et al:Different natural courses of chronic hepatitis B with genotypes B and C after the fourth decade of life. World J Gastroenterol 13:4560-4565, 2007.
 
10) Nakasone H, Sakugawa H, Shokita H, et al:Prevalence and clinical features of hepatitis delta virus infection in the Miyako Islands, Okinawa, Japan. J Gastroenterol 33:850-854, 1998.
PubMed
11) Rizzetto M, Alavian SM:Hepatitis delta:the rediscovery. Clin Liver Dis 17:475-487, 2013.
PubMed
12) Sandmann L, Cornberg M:Experimental Drugs for the Treatment of Hepatitis D. J Exp Pharmacol 13:461-468, 2021.
PubMed
P.481 掲載の参考文献
1) Le Gal F, Brichler S, Drugan T, et al:Genetic diversity and worldwide distribution of the deltavirus genus:A study of 2,152 clinical strains. Hepatology 66:1826-1841, 2017.
PubMed
2) Weiner AJ, Choo QL, Wang KS, et al:A single antigenomic open reading frame of the hepatitis delta virus encodes the epitope(s) of both hepatitis delta antigen polypeptides p24 delta and p27 delta. J Virol 62:594-599, 1988.
PubMed
3) Polson AG, Bass BL, Casey JL:RNA editing of hepatitis delta virus antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase. Nature 380:454-456, 1996.
PubMed
4) Dziri S, Rodriguez C, Gerber A, et al:Variable in vivo hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA editing rates according to the HDV genotype. Viruses 13:1572, 2021.
 
5) Shih HH, Shih C, Wang HW, et al:Pro-205 of large hepatitis delta antigen and Pro-62 of major hepatitis B surface antigen influence the assembly of different genotypes of hepatitis D virus. J Gen Virol 91:1004-1012, 2010.
 
6) Gerber A, Le Gal F, Dziri S, et al:Comprehensive Analysis of Hepatitis Delta Virus Assembly Determinants According to Genotypes:Lessons From a Study of 526 Hepatitis Delta Virus Clinical Strains. Front Microbiol 12:751531, 2021.
PubMed
7) Wang W, Lempp FA, Schlund F, et al:Assembly and infection efficacy of hepatitis B virus surface protein exchanges in 8 hepatitis D virus genotype isolates. J Hepatol 75:311-323, 2021.
PubMed
8) Su CW, Huang YH, Huo TI, et al:Genotypes and viremia of hepatitis B and D viruses are associated with outcomes of chronic hepatitis D patients. Gastroenterology 130:1625-1635, 2006.
 
9) Hsu SC, Syu WJ, Sheen IJ, et al:Varied assembly and RNA editing efficiencies between genotypes I and II hepatitis D virus and their implications. Hepatology 35:665-672, 2002.
PubMed
10) Ivaniushina V, Radjef N, Alexeeva M, et al:Hepatitis delta virus genotypes I and II cocirculate in an endemic area of Yakutia, Russia. J Gen Virol 82:2709-2718, 2001.
 
11) Casey JL, Niro GA, Engle RE, et al:Hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection in outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the Peruvian Amazon basin:the roles of HDV genotype III and HBV genotype F. J Infect Dis 174:920-926, 1996.
 
12) Spaan M, Carey I, Bruce M, et al:Hepatitis delta genotype 5 is associated with favourable disease outcome and better response to treatment compared to genotype 1. J Hepatol 72:1097-1104, 2020.
PubMed
13) Roulot D, Brichler S, Layese R, et al:Origin, HDV genotype and persistent viremia determine outcome and treatment response in patients with chronic hepatitis delta. J Hepatol 73:1046-1062, 2020.
PubMed
14) Watanabe H, Nagayama K, Enomoto N, et al:Chronic hepatitis delta virus infection with genotype IIb variant is correlated with progressive liver disease. J Gen Virol 84:3275-3289, 2003.
PubMed
P.487 掲載の参考文献
1) Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, et al:Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B:AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology 67:1560-1599, 2018.
PubMed
2) Yamashiro T, Nagayama K, Enomoto N, et al:Quantitation of the level of hepatitis delta virus RNA in serum, by real-time polymerase chain reaction--and its possible correlation with the clinical stage of liver disease. J Infect Dis 189:1151-1157, 2004.
PubMed
3) Fattovich G, Giustina G, Christensen E, et al:Influence of hepatitis delta virus infection on morbidity and mortality in compensated cirrhosis type B. The European Concerted Action on Viral Hepatitis(Eurohep). Gut 46:420-426, 2000.
 
4) Patrizia Farci:Hepatitis D. In:Sherlock's Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System (ed by Dooley JS, Lok AS, Garcia-Taso G, et al), p421-435, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, 2018.
 
5) Abbas Z, Khan MA, Salih M, et al:Interferon alpha for chronic hepatitis D. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD006002, 2011.
PubMed
6) Farci P, Roskams T, Chessa L, et al:Long-term benefit of interferon alpha therapy of chronic hepatitis D:regression of advanced hepatic fibrosis. Gastroenterology 126:1740-1749, 2004.
PubMed
7) Wedemeyer H, Yurdaydin C, Dalekos GN, et al:Peginterferon plus adefovir versus either drug alone for hepatitis delta. N Engl J Med 364:322-331, 2011.
PubMed
8) Wedemeyer H, Yurdaydin C, Hardtke S, et al:Peginterferon alfa-2a plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis D (HIDIT-II):a randomised, placebo controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 19:275-286, 2019.
 
9) Heidrich B, Yurdaydin C, Kabacam G, et al:Late HDV RNA relapse after peginterferon alpha-based therapy of chronic hepatitis delta. Hepatology 60:87-97, 2014.
PubMed
10) Keskin O, Wedemeyer H, Tuzun A, et al:Association Between Level of Hepatitis D Virus RNA at Week 24 of Pegylated Interferon Therapy and Outcome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 13:2342-2349. e2, 2015.
 
11) Sandmann L, Yurdaydin C, Deterding K, et al:HBcrAg Levels Are Associated With Virological Response to Treatment With Interferon in Patients With Hepatitis Delta. Hepatol Commun 6:480-495, 2022.
PubMed
12) Lau DT, Kleiner DE, Park Y, et al:Resolution of chronic delta hepatitis after 12 years of interferon alfa therapy. Gastroenterology 117:1229-1233, 1999.
PubMed
13) Heller T, Rotman Y, Koh C, et al:Long-term therapy of chronic delta hepatitis with peginterferon alfa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 40:93-104, 2014.
PubMed
14) Da BL, Heller T, Koh C:Hepatitis D infection:from initial discovery to current investigational therapies. Gastroenterol Rep(Oxf) 7:231-245, 2019.
PubMed
15) Watanabe H, Nagayama K, Enomoto N, et al:Chronic hepatitis delta virus infection with genotype IIb variant is correlated with progressive liver disease. J Gen Virol 84:3275-3289, 2003.
PubMed
P.493 掲載の参考文献
1) Khuroo MS:Study of an epidemic of non-A, non-B hepatitis. Possibility of another human hepatitis virus distinct from post-transfusion non-A, non-B type. Am J Med 68:818-824, 1980.
 
2) Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al:Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Intervirology 20:23-31, 1983.
PubMed
3) Tam AW, Smith MM, Guerra ME, et al:Hepatitis E virus (HEV):molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. Virology 185:120-131, 1991.
PubMed
4) Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al:Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 247:1335-1339, 1990.
PubMed
5) Takahashi M, Tanaka T, Takahashi H, et al:Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) strains in serum samples can replicate efficiently in cultured cells despite the coexistence of HEV antibodies:characterization of HEV virions in blood circulation. J Clin Microbiol 48:1112-1125, 2010.
PubMed
6) Wedemeyer H, Pischke S, Manns MP:Pathogenesis and treatment of hepatitis e virus infection. Gastroenterology 142:1388-1397. e1, 2012.
 
7) Meng XJ, Purcell RH, Halbur PG, et al:A novel virus in swine is closely related to the human hepatitis E virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:9860-9865, 1997.
 
8) Kamar N, Selves J, Mansuy JM, et al:Hepatitis E virus and chronic hepatitis in organ-transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 358:811-817, 2008.
PubMed
9) Kamar N, Bendall RP, Peron JM, et al:Hepatitis E virus and neurologic disorders. Emerg Infect Dis 17:173-179, 2011.
PubMed
10) Johne R, Heckel G, Plenge-Bonig A, et al:Novel hepatitis E virus genotype in Norway rats, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 16:1452-1455, 2010.
PubMed
11) Woo PC, Lau SK, Teng JL, et al:New hepatitis E virus genotype in camels, the Middle East. Emerg Infect Dis 20:1044-1048, 2014.
PubMed
12) 国立感染症研究所:E型肝炎 2014～2021 年. 病原微生物検出情報 42:271-272, 2021.
 
13) Kamar N, Dalton HR, Abravanel F, et al:Hepatitis E virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 27:116-138, 2014.
PubMed
14) Sugiyama R, Takahara O, Yahata Y, et al:Nationwide epidemiologic and genetic surveillance of hepatitis E in Japan, 2014-2021. J Med Virol, 2023. (in press)
 
15) 輸血情報 1803-158「E型肝炎ウイルス(HEV)感染について」, 日本赤十字社, 2018.
 
P.504 掲載の参考文献
1) Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al:Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Intervirology 20:23-31, 1983.
PubMed
2) Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al:Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 247:1335-1339, 1990.
PubMed
3) Kwo PY, Schlauder GG, Carpenter HA, et al:Acute hepatitis E by a new isolate acquired in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 72:1133-1136, 1997.
PubMed
4) Primadharsini PP, Nagashima S, Nishiyama T, et al:Development of Recombinant Infectious Hepatitis E Virus Harboring the nanoKAZ Gene and Its Application in Drug Screening. J Virol 96:e0190621, 2022.
PubMed
5) Purdy MA, Drexler JF, Meng XJ, et al:ICTV virus taxonomy profile:Hepeviridae 2022. J Gen Virol 103:001778, 2022.
 
6) Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Kusano E, et al:Development and evaluation of an efficient cell-culture system for Hepatitis E virus. J Gen Virol 88:903-911, 2007.
PubMed
7) Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, et al:ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells. J Gen Virol 90:1880-1891, 2009.
 
8) Okamoto H:Culture systems for hepatitis E virus. J Gastroenterol 48:147-158, 2013.
PubMed
9) Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Kobayashi T, et al:Characterization of the quasi-enveloped hepatitis E virus particles released by the cellular exosomal pathway. J Virol 91:e00822-17, 2017.
PubMed
10) Yin X, Ying D, Lhomme S, et al:Origin, antigenicity, and function of a secreted form of ORF2 in hepatitis E virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115:4773-4778, 2018.
 
11) Montpellier C, Wychowski C, Sayed IM, et al:Hepatitis E Virus Lifecycle and Identification of 3 Forms of the ORF2 Capsid Protein. Gastroenterology 154:211-223. e8, 2018.
 
12) Smith DB, Izopet J, Nicot F, et al:Update:proposed reference sequences for subtypes of hepatitis E virus (species Orthohepevirus A). J Gen Virol 101:692-698, 2020.
PubMed
13) Nagashima S, Takahashi M, Jirintai, et al:A PSAP motif in the ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is necessary for virion release from infected cells. J Gen Virol 92:269-278, 2011.
 
14) Nagashima S, Jirintai S, Takahashi M, et al:Hepatitis E virus egress depends on the exosomal pathway, with secretory exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies. J Gen Virol 95:2166-2175, 2014.
PubMed
15) Yin X, Ambardekar C, Lu Y, et al:Distinct Entry Mechanisms for Nonenveloped and Quasi-Enveloped Hepatitis E Viruses. J Virol 90:4232-4242, 2016.
PubMed
P.510 掲載の参考文献
1) Purdy MA, Drexler JF, Meng X-J, et al:ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile:Hepeviridae 2022. J Gen Virol 103:001778, 2022.
 
2) 岡本宏明:E型肝炎をめぐる最近の知見 感染培養系の確立と応用も含めて. 日本消化器病学会雑誌 106:177-187, 2009.
Medical*Online
3) 岡本宏明:新規に保険収載された検査法「IgA-HE 抗体価(定性)」. モダンメディア 58:182-187, 2012.
 
4) 阿部敏紀, 相川達也, 赤羽賢浩, ほか:本邦に於けるE型肝炎ウイルス感染の統計学的・疫学的・ウイルス学的特徴 全国集計254例に基づく解析. 肝臓 47:384-391, 2006.
 
5) Lhomme S, Marion O, Abravanel F, et al:Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infections. J Clin Med 9:331, 2020.
PubMed
6) 持田 智, 中山伸朗 , 寺井崇二, ほか:わが国における acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)とその関連病態の診断基準. 肝臓 63:219-223, 2022.
 
7) 岡野 宏, 朝川大暉, 鶴賀聡美, ほか:未診断の肝硬変症にHEV感染を合併し肝不全に進展したと考えられる1死亡例 経過中に認められたHEV抗体価の非定型的な推移. 肝臓 61:326-334, 2020.
 
8) 松林圭二:HEV-NATによる献血者の全数スクリーニング. 病原微生物検出情報(IASR)(Infectious Agents Surveillance Report) 42:276-277, 2021.
 
9) 石田勢津子, 吉澄志磨, 松林圭二, ほか:E型肝炎届出基準検査法についての検討. 肝臓 60:23-30, 2019.
 
10) Hasegawa I, Nakano T, Koguchi H, et al:Subclinical hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection detected by nucleic acid amplification test on blood donation:short-term positivity for immunoglobulin G class of antibody against HEV. Clin J Gastroenterol 15:750-754, 2022.
PubMed
11) Inagaki Y, Oshiro Y, Tanaka T, et al:A Nationwide Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Chronic Hepatitis E in Liver Transplant Recipients in Japan. EBioMedicine 2:1607-1612, 2015.
 
12) Owada Y, Oshiro Y, Inagaki Y, et al:A Nationwide Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Chronic Hepatitis in Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan. Transplantation 104:437-444, 2020.
PubMed
13) Oshiro Y, Harada H, Hasegawa K, et al:Loss of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in organ transplant patients with hepatitis E. Hepatol Res 51:538-547, 2021.
PubMed
14) Okano H, Nakano T, Ito R, et al:The spontaneous clearance of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and emergence of HEV antibodies in a transfusion-transmitted chronic hepatitis E case after completion of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Clin J Gastroenterol 13:252-259, 2020.
 
15) Rawla P, Raj JP, Kannemkuzhiyil AJ, et al:A Systematic Review of the Extra-Hepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Med Sci (Basel) 8:9, 2020.
PubMed
16) 中村仁彦, 楠元寿典, 落合俊雅, ほか:12年前から宮崎県に存続している遺伝子型 3型 E型肝炎ウイルスによるE型急性肝炎の2症例 1例での急性末梢性顔面神経麻痺の合併. 日本消化器病学会雑誌 112:1533-1541, 2015.
Medical*Online
17) 坂下千晶 , 菅 大典 , 島田康彬, ほか:甲状腺機能亢進症を合併した E型肝炎の一例. 日本消化器病学会東海支部第 134 回例会:第 45 回教育講演会 プログラム抄録集, p44, 2021.
 
P.514 掲載の参考文献
1) 岡本宏明:E型肝炎 疫学, 病態, 治療. 臨床とウイルス 48:154-167, 2020.
Medical*Online
2) 高橋雅春:E型肝炎の診断法. IASR 42:275-276, 2021.
 
3) Mizuo H, Suzuki K, Takikawa Y, et al:Polyphyletic strains of hepatitis E virus are responsible for sporadic cases of acute hepatitis in Japan. J Clin Microbiol 40:3209-3218, 2002.
PubMed
4) Inoue J, Takahashi M, Yazaki Y, et al:Development and validation of an improved RT-PCR assay with nested universal primers for detection of hepatitis E virus strains with significant sequence divergence. J Virol Methods 137:325-333, 2006.
PubMed
5) 李 天成, 武田直和, 宮村達男:E型肝炎について. モダンメディア 50:78-85, 2004.
 
6) 岡本宏明:E型肝炎の現況. 臨床免疫・アレルギー科 71:346-352, 2019.
 
7) Zhou X, de Man RA, de Knegt RJ, et al:Epidemiology and management of chronic hepatitis E infection in solid organ transplantation:a comprehensive literature review. Rev Med Virol 23:295-304, 2013.
 
8) Satake M, Matsubayashi K, Hoshi Y, et al:Unique clinical courses of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E in patients with immunosuppression. Transfusion 57:280-288, 2017.
PubMed
9) Geng Y, Zhang H, Huang W, et al:Persistent hepatitis E virus genotype 4 infection in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hepat Mon 14:e15618, 2014.
 
10) Meisner S, Polywka S, Memmler M, et al:Definition of chronic hepatitis E after liver transplant conforms to convention. Am J Transplant 15:3011-3012, 2015.
PubMed
11) Kamar N, Garrouste C, Haagsma EB, et al:Factors associated with chronic hepatitis in patients with hepatitis E virus infection who have received solid organ transplants. Gastroenterology 140:1481-1489, 2011.
PubMed
12) Wang Y, Zhou X, Debing Y, et al:Calcineurin inhibitors stimulate and mycophenolic acid inhibits replication of hepatitis E virus. Gastroenterology 146:1775-1783, 2014.
 
13) Rostaing L, Izopet J, Baron E, et al:Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with recombinant interferon alpha in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation 59:1426-1431, 1995.
PubMed
14) Kamar N, Izopet J, Tripon S, et al:Ribavirin for chronic hepatitis E virus infection in transplant recipients. N Engl J Med 370:1111-1120, 2014.
PubMed
15) Kamar N, Abravanel F, Behrendt P, et al:Ribavirin for Hepatitis E Virus Infection After Organ Transplantation:A Large European Retrospective Multicenter Study. Clin Infect Dis 71:1204-1211, 2020.
PubMed
16) Debing Y, Emerson SU, Wang Y, et al:Ribavirin inhibits in vitro hepatitis E virus replication through depletion of cellular GTP pools and is moderately synergistic with alpha interferon. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58:267-273, 2014.
PubMed
P.519 掲載の参考文献
1) Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, et al:Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Intervirology 20:23-31, 1983.
PubMed
2) Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, et al:Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis. Science 247:1335-1339, 1990.
PubMed
3) Tanaka T, Takahashi M, Kusano E, et al:Development and evaluation of an efficient cell-culture system for Hepatitis E virus. J Gen Virol 88:903-911, 2007.
PubMed
4) 國田 智:E型肝炎ウイルスワクチン開発の現状. 医学のあゆみ 282:148-152, 2022.
Medical*Online
5) Primadharsini PP, Nagashima S, Okamoto H:Genetic Variability and Evolution of Hepatitis E Virus. Viruses 11:456, 2019.
PubMed
6) Takahashi K, Iwata K, Watanabe N, et al:Full-genome nucleotide sequence of a hepatitis E virus strain that may be indigenous to Japan. Virology 287:9-12, 2001.
PubMed
7) Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, et al:Analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis E virus isolated in Japan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289:929-936, 2001.
PubMed
8) European Association for the Study of the Liver:EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on hepatitis E virus infection. J Hepatol 68:1256-1271, 2018.
 
9) Kanda T, Yasui S, Nakamura M, et al:Recent Trend of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Chiba Area, Japan:3 of 5 Cases with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Case Rep Gastroenterol 9:317-326, 2015.
PubMed
10) Owada Y, Oshiro Y, Inagaki Y, et al:A Nationwide Survey of Hepatitis E Virus Infection and Chronic Hepatitis in Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan. Transplantation 104:437-444, 2020.
PubMed
11) Oshiro Y, Harada H, Hasegawa K, et al:Loss of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in organ transplant patients with hepatitis E. Hepatol Res 51:538-547, 2021.
PubMed
12) Takakusagi S, Takagi H, Yamazaki Y, et al:Chronic hepatitis E in an elderly immunocompetent patient who achieved a sustained virologic response with ribavirin treatment. Clin J Gastroenterol 16:206-215, 2023.
 
13) Sayed IM, Abdelwahab SF:Is Hepatitis E Virus a Neglected or Emerging Pathogen in Egypt? Pathogens 11:1337, 2022.
PubMed
14) Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T:Features of hepatitis E virus infection in Japan. Intern Med 42:1065-1071, 2003.
PubMed
15) Rivero-Juarez A, Frias M, Perez AB, et al:Orthohepevirus C infection as an emerging cause of acute hepatitis in Spain:First report in Europe. J Hepatol 77:326-331, 2022.
 
16) Matsubayashi K, Nagaoka Y, Sakata H, et al:Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E caused by apparently indigenous hepatitis E virus strain in Hokkaido, Japan. Transfusion 44:934-940, 2004.
PubMed
17) Fukuda S, Sunaga J, Saito N, et al:Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus among Japanese blood donors:identification of three blood donors infected with a genotype 3 hepatitis E virus. J Med Virol 73:554-561, 2004.
PubMed
18) Tamura A, Shimizu YK, Tanaka T, et al:Persistent infection of hepatitis E virus transmitted by blood transfusion in a patient with T-cell lymphoma. Hepatol Res 37:113-120, 2007.
 
19) Johne R, Trojnar E, Filter M, et al:Thermal Stability of Hepatitis E Virus as Estimated by a Cell Culture Method. Appl Environ Microbiol 82:4225-4231, 2016.
PubMed
20) Nagashima S, Jirintai S, Takahashi M, et al:Hepatitis E virus egress depends on the exosomal pathway, with secretory exosomes derived from multivesicular bodies. J Gen Virol 95:2166-2175, 2014.
PubMed
21) Li Y, Huang X, Zhang Z, et al:Prophylactic Hepatitis E Vaccines:Antigenic Analysis and Serological Evaluation. Viruses 12:109, 2020.
 
22) Tsarev SA, Tsareva TS, Emerson SU, et al:Successful passive and active immunization of cynomolgus monkeys against hepatitis E. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:10198-10202, 1994.
PubMed
23) Tsarev SA, Tsareva TS, Emerson SU, et al:Recombinant vaccine against hepatitis E:dose response and protection against heterologous challenge. Vaccine 15:1834-1838, 1997.
PubMed
24) U. S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials. gov:A Safety and Efficacy Study of the Hepatitis E Vaccine in Nepal. [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00287469]
 
25) Shrestha MP, Scott RM, Joshi DM, et al:Safety and efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine. N Engl J Med 356:895-903, 2007.
PubMed
26) Li SW, Zhang J, Li YM, et al:A bacterially expressed particulate hepatitis E vaccine:antigenicity, immunogenicity and protectivity on primates. Vaccine 23:2893-2901, 2005.
 
27) U. S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials. gov:Clinical Trial of Recombinant Hepatitis E Vaccine. [https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01014845]
 
28) Zhu FC, Zhang J, Zhang XF, et al:Efficacy and safety of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in healthy adults:a large-scale, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 376:895-902, 2010.
 
29) Overbo J, Aziz A, Zaman K, et al:Immunogenicity and safety of a two-dose regimen with hepatitis E virus vaccine in healthy adults in rural Bangladesh:A randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase 2/pilot trial. Vaccine 41:1059-1066, 2023.
PubMed
30) Cao YF, Tao H, Hu YM, et al:A phase 1 randomized open-label clinical study to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a novel recombinant hepatitis E vaccine. Vaccine 35:5073-5080, 2017.
PubMed
31) 田中(佐々木)玲奈:ご存じですか?経口感染する肝炎ウイルスと感染予防. 「令和3年度 肝炎等克服実用化研究事業 公開報告会」開催のお知らせ(国立研究開発法人 日本医療研究開発機構), 令和4年3月12日. [https://www.amed.go.jp/news/event/sympo_20210312_00001.html]
 
P.526 掲載の参考文献
1) Sultan S, Altayar O, Siddique SM, et al:AGA Institute Rapid Review of the Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with COVID-19. Gastroenterology 159:320-334. e27, 2020.
 
2) Elsheikh R, Tien HT, Makram AM, et al:Acute hepatitis of unknown origin in children:Behind the statistics. Hepatology 77:2118-2127, 2023.
PubMed
3) 中村郁夫:ヘルペスウイルス肝炎(単純ヘルペスウイルス, EBウイルス, サイトメガロウイルスなど);感染症. ウイルス性肝炎. 別冊日本臨牀新領域別症候群シリーズ No.13 肝・胆道系症候群(第2版)I 肝臓編(上), p59-64, 日本臨牀社, 2010.
 
4) Anand AC, Garg HK:Approach to clinical syndrome of jaundice and encephalopathy in tropics. J Clin Exp Hepatol 5:S116-S130, 2015.
PubMed
5) Bihari C, Rastogi A, Saxena P, et al:Parvovirus B19 associated hepatitis. Hepat Res Treat 2013:472027, 2013.
PubMed
6) Ishikawa K, Hasegawa K, Naritomi T, et al:Prevalence of herpesviridae and hepatitis virus sequences in the livers of patients with fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology in Japan. J Gastroenterol 37:523-530, 2002.
PubMed
7) Rauff B, Idrees M, Shah SA, et al:Hepatitis associated aplastic anemia:a review. Virol J 8:87, 2011.
PubMed
8) Gallegos-Orozco JF, Rakela-Brodner J:Hepatitis viruses:not always what it seems to be. Rev Med Chil 138:1302-1311, 2010.
 
9) Hara S, Hoshino Y, Naitou T, et al:Association of virus infected-T cell in severe hepatitis caused by primary Epstein-Barr virus infection. J Clin Virol 35:250-256, 2006.
PubMed
10) Riediger C, Sauer P, Matevossian E, et al:Herpes simplex virus sepsis and acute liver failure. Clin Transplant 23(Suppl 21):37-41, 2009.
 
11) Jordan MB, Allen CE, Weitzman S, et al:How I treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Blood 118:4041-4052, 2011.
 
12) 水川良子, 塩原哲夫:薬剤性過敏症症候群-臨床から診断, 治療, 非HIV感染者の免疫再構築症候群の概念をふまえて-. 日本化学療法学会雑誌 67:620-627, 2019.
 
13) Hama N, Abe R, Gibson A, et al:Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS)/Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS):Clinical Features and Pathogenesis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 10:1155-1167. e5, 2022.
 
14) 臓器移植関連CMV感染症診断ガイドライン 2022(一般社団法人日本移植学会 臓器移植関連 CMV感染症診療ガイドライン策定委員会 編), p98-115, ぱーそん書房, 2022
 
15) Hodson EM, Ladhani M, Webster AC, et al:Antiviral medications for preventing cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (2):CD003774, 2013.
PubMed
P.531 掲載の参考文献
1) Kaneko H, Kawana T, Ishioka K, et al:Evaluation of mixed infection cases with both herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. J Med Virol 80:883-887, 2008.
PubMed
2) Khadr L, Harfouche M, Omori R, et al:The Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Asia:Systematic Review, Meta-analyses, and Meta-regressions. Clin Infect Dis 68:757-772, 2019.
PubMed
3) AlMukdad S, Harfouche M, Wettstein A, et al:Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 in Asia:A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 12:100176, 2021.
 
4) Hashido M, Kawana T, Matsunaga Y, et al:Changes in prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 antibodies from 1973 to 1993 in the rural districts of Japan. Microbiol Immunol 43:177-180, 1999.
PubMed
5) Wight DG:Virus infections (other than hepatotrophic viruses). In:Systemic pathology; Liver, Biliary Tract and Exocrine Pancreas, Vol 11, 3rd ed (ed by Wight DG), p125-134, Volume 11, 3rd edition, Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1994.
 
6) Schiodt FV, Davern TJ, Shakil AO, et al:Viral hepatitis-related acute liver failure. Am J Gastroenterol 98:448-453, 2003.
PubMed
7) Cote-Daigneault J, Carrier FM, Toledano K, et al:Herpes simplex hepatitis after liver transplantation:case report and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 16:130-134, 2014.
PubMed
8) CDC, Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation:Guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections among hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Recommendations of CDC, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Cytotherapy 3:41-54, 2001.
PubMed
9) 宮川恒一郎, 柴田道彦, 久米井伸介, ほか:ステロイドパルス療法直後に単純ヘルペスウイルス肝炎を発症し, 一過性に血中B型肝炎ウイルスDNAの陽性化を認めたB型肝炎ウイルス既往感染者の1例. 肝臓 55:51-56, 2014.
 
10) Norvell JP, Blei AT, Jovanovic BD, et al:Herpes simplex virus hepatitis:an analysis of the published literature and institutional cases. Liver Transpl 13:1428-1434, 2007.
PubMed
11) Kaufman B, Gandhi SA, Louie E, et al:Herpes simplex virus hepatitis:case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 24:334-338, 1997.
PubMed
12) Ahmed A, Granillo A, Burns E, et al:Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Hepatitis:A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Care Rep Med 2020:8613840, 2020.
 
13) Moldovan B, Mentha G, Majno P, et al:Demographics and outcomes of severe herpes simplex virus hepatitis:a registry-based study. J Hepatol 55:1222-1226, 2011.
PubMed
14) Montalbano M, Slapak-Green GI, Neff GW:Fulminant hepatic failure from herpes simplex virus:post liver transplantation acyclovir therapy and literature review. Transplant Proc 37:4393-4396, 2005.
PubMed
15) Sterling RK, Fisher RA:Liver transplantation. Living donor, hepatocyte, and xenotransplantation. Clin Liver Dis 5:431-460, 2001
PubMed
P.535 掲載の参考文献
1) Epstein MA, Achong BG, Barr YM:VIRUS PARTICLES IN CULTURED LYMPHOBLASTS FROM BURKITT'S LYMPHOMA. Lancet 1:702-703, 1964.
PubMed
2) Henle G, Henle W:Immunofluorescence in cells derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. J Bacteriol 91:1248-1256, 1966.
 
3) Luzuriaga K, Sullivan JL:Infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med 362:1993-2000, 2010.
PubMed
4) Womack J, Jimenez M:Common questions about infectious mononucleosis. Am Fam Physician 91:372-376, 2015.
PubMed
5) Lennon P, Crotty M, Fenton JE:Infectious mononucleosis. BMJ 350:h1825, 2015.
PubMed
6) 岩月啓氏:EBウイルスと皮膚疾患 up-to-date. MB Derma 297:75-83, 2020.
Medical*Online
7) Drebber U, Kasper HU, Krupacz J, et al:The role of Epstein-Barr virus in acute and chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 44:879-885, 2006.
PubMed
8) 岡野素彦:EBウイルス感染症. 小児科診療 68:2143-2148, 2005.
Medical*Online
9) 安川正貴:EBウイルス感染症の診断のポイント. 成人病と生活習慣病 43:1061-1066, 2013.
Medical*Online
10) 多屋馨子:伝染性単核症. Infectious Diseases Weekly Report Japan 5(23):10-14, 2003.
 
11) 菅原新吾:検査データや臨床情報をふまえた血液像の見方・考え方 ウイルス感染. Medical Technology 47:663-668, 2019.
Medical*Online
12) 井上和明, 渡邊綱正:急性肝炎におけるEBVとCMV. わが国における急性肝炎の現状 全国調査2008-2011(山本和秀 監/寺田雅彦, 能祖一裕 編), p46-51, 中外医学社, 2012.
 
13) Markin RS, Linder J, Zuerlein K, et al:Hepatitis in fatal infectious mononucleosis. Gastroenterology 93:1210-1217, 1987.
PubMed
14) 武田直人, 関谷 栄, 磯沼 弘, ほか:健常成人に発症したサイトメガロウイルス肝炎とEBウイルス肝炎の比較. 感染症学雑誌 74:828-833, 2000.
 
15) 中嶋正人, 加瀬康弘:伝染性単核球症例に対する抗菌薬投与について. 口腔・咽頭科 23:65-71, 2010.
Medical*Online
P.537 掲載の参考文献
1) Rowe WP, Hartley JW, Waterman S, et al:Cytopathogenic agent resembling human salivary gland virus recovered from tissue cultures of human adenoids. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92:418-424, 1956.
PubMed
2) Smith MG:Propagation in tissue cultures of a cytopathogenic virus from human salivary gland virus (SGV) disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92:424-430, 1956.
PubMed
3) Craig JM, Macauley JC, Weller TH, et al:Isolation of intranuclear inclusion producing agents from infants with illnesses resembling cytomegalic inclusion disease. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 94:4-12, 1957.
PubMed
4) Cohen JI:Epstein-Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med 343:481-492, 2000.
PubMed
5) Ribbert H:Uber protozoenartige Zellen in der Niere eines syphilitischen Neugeborenen und in der Parotis von Kidern. Zbl Allg Pathol 15:945-948, 1904.
 
6) Ljungman P, Hakki M, Boeckh M:Cytomegalovirus in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Infect Dis Clin North Am 24:319-337, 2010.
PubMed
7) Tuthill M, Chen F, Paston S, et al:The prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infection in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58:1481-1488, 2009.
PubMed
8) 山田秀人, 山田 俊, 水上尚典, ほか:妊産婦の感染症とその対策 先天性サイトメガロウイルス感染症と免疫グロブリン療法. 産婦人科治療 97:485-493, 2008.
 
9) 干場 勉, 朝本明弘, 矢吹朗彦:妊婦のサイトメガロウイルス抗体保有率の低下. 日本臨牀 56:193-196, 1998.
Medical*Online
10) 藤村 睦, 本多敬和, 山崎邦雄, ほか:サイトメガロウイルス感染に起因すると推測された重症ないし劇症肝炎の3例. 肝臓 39:826-833, 1998.
 
11) Compton J:Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Nature 350:91-92, 1991.
PubMed

VI 特論

P.544 掲載の参考文献
1) Chen CJ, Yang HI, Su J, et al:Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level. JAMA 295:65-73, 2006.
 
2) Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, et al:High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology 142:1140-1149. e3, 2012.
 
3) Kim GA, Han S, Choi GH, et al:Moderate levels of serum hepatitis B virus DNA are associated with the highest risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 51:1169-1179, 2020.
 
4) Huang DQ, Tamaki N, Lee HW, et al:Outcome of untreated low-level viremia vs. antiviral therapy-induced or spontaneous undetectable HBV-DNA in compensated cirrhosis. Hepatology 77:1746-1756, 2023.
PubMed
5) Yang J, Choi WM, Shim JH, et al:Low Level of Hepatitis B Viremia Compared With Undetectable Viremia Increases the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Untreated Compensated Cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol, 2023. (DOI:10. 14309/ajg. 0000000000002181)
 
6) Wong GL, Chan HL, Mak CW, et al:Entecavir treatment reduces hepatic events and deaths in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatology 58:1537-1547, 2013.
PubMed
7) Wu CY, Lin JT, Ho HJ, et al:Association of nucleos(t)ide analogue therapy with reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis B:a nationwide cohort study. Gastroenterology 147:143-151. e5, 2014.
 
8) Hosaka T, Suzuki F, Kobayashi M, et al:Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 58:98-107, 2013.
PubMed
9) Oh H, Lee HY, Kim J, et al:Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis:Comparison of the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Antiviral-Naive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated with Entecavir versus Tenofovir:The Devil in the Detail. Cancers (Basel) 14:2617, 2022.
PubMed
10) Lin CL, Kao JH:Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in untreated and treated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Mol Hepatol, 2023. (DOI:10. 3350/cmh. 2022. 0342)
 
11) Li CL, Li CY, Lin YY, et al:Androgen Receptor Enhances Hepatic Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene Transcription After Hepatitis B Virus Integration or Point Mutation in Promoter Region. Hepatology 69:498-512, 2019.
PubMed
12) Huang CF, Jang TY, Jun DW, et al:On-treatment gamma-glutamyl transferase predicts the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver Int 42:59-68, 2022.
PubMed
13) Kirino S, Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, et al:Alanine aminotransferase levels as therapeutic targets after nucleotide/nucleoside analog therapy in patient with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res 53:35-42, 2023.
PubMed
14) Fan R, Papatheodoridis G, Sun J, et al:aMAP risk score predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 73:1368-1378, 2020.
PubMed
15) Inoue J, Kobayashi T, Akahane T, et al:Non-Achievement of Alanine Aminotransferase Normalization Associated with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma during Nucleos(t)ide Analogue Therapies:A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Clin Med 11:2354, 2022.
PubMed
16) Yuen MF, Tanaka Y, Fong DY, et al:Independent risk factors and predictive score for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 50:80-88, 2009.
PubMed
17) Wong VW, Chan SL, Mo F, et al:Clinical scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B carriers. J Clin Oncol 28:1660-1665, 2010.
PubMed
18) Yang HI, Yuen MF, Chan HL, et al:Risk estimation for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B (REACH-B):development and validation of a predictive score. Lancet Oncol 12:568-574, 2011.
PubMed
19) Lee MH, Yang HI, Liu J, et al:Prediction models of long-term cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients:risk scores integrating host and virus profiles. Hepatology 58:546-554, 2013.
PubMed
20) Wong GL, Chan HL, Wong CK, et al:Liver stiffness-based optimization of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in patients with chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 60:339-345, 2014.
PubMed
21) Yang HI, Tseng TC, Liu J, et al:Incorporating Serum Level of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen or Omitting Level of Hepatitis B Virus DNA Does not Affect Calculation of Risk for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Without Cirrhosis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:461-468. e2, 2016.
 
22) Poh Z, Shen L, Yang HI, et al:Real-world risk score for hepatocellular carcinoma (RWS-HCC):a clinically practical risk predictor for HCC in chronic hepatitis B. Gut 65:887-888, 2016.
PubMed
23) Fan C, Li M, Gan Y, et al:A simple AGED score for risk classification of primary liver cancer:development and validation with long-term prospective HBsAg-positive cohorts in Qidong, China. Gut 68:948-949, 2019.
 
24) Papatheodoridis G, Dalekos G, Sypsa V, et al:PAGE-B predicts the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma in Caucasians with chronic hepatitis B on 5-year antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 64:800-806, 2016.
 
25) Sohn W, Cho JY, Kim JH, et al:Risk score model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in treatment-naive patients receiving oral antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Clin Mol Hepatol23:170-178, 2017.
PubMed
26) Chen CH, Lee CM, Lai HC, et al:Prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma risk in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with entecavir. Oncotarget 8:92431-92441, 2017.
PubMed
27) Kim JH, Kim YD, Lee M, et al:Modified PAGE-B score predicts the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral therapy. J Hepatol 69:1066-1073, 2018.
 
28) Hsu YC, Yip TC, Ho HJ, et al:Development of a scoring system to predict hepatocellular carcinoma in Asians on antivirals for chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 69:278-285, 2018.
 
29) Yang HI, Yeh ML, Wong GL, et al:Real-World Effectiveness From the Asia Pacific Rim Liver Consortium for HBV Risk Score for the Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Treated With Oral Antiviral Therapy. J Infect Dis 221:389-399, 2020.
 
30) Chen CH, Hu TH, Wang JH, et al:A Mac-2 Binding Protein Glycosylation Isomer-Based Risk Model Predicts Hepatocellular Carcinoma in HBV-Related Cirrhotic Patients on Antiviral Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 14:5063, 2022.
PubMed
P.550 掲載の参考文献
1) 厚生労働省:第30回肝炎対策推進協議会「肝炎対策の国及び各自治体の取組状況について」, 令和5年2月10日.
 
2) Tatemichi M, Furuya H, Nagahama S, et al:A nationwide cross-sectional survey on hepatitis B and C screening among workers in Japan. Sci Rep 10:11435, 2020.
 
3) Fukuyoshi J, Korenaga M, Yoshii Y, et al:Increasing hepatitis virus screening uptake at worksites in Japan using nudge theory and full subsidies. Environ Health Prev Med 26:18, 2021.
PubMed
4) 長沖祐子:雇い入れ時健康診断における肝炎ウイルス検査の取り組みについて. 令和元年度厚生労働科学研究費補助金(肝炎等克服政策研究事業)「職域等も含めた肝炎ウイルス検査受検率向上と陽性者の効率的なフォローアップシステムの開発・実用化に向けた研究」令和元年度 分担報告書, 2019.
 
5) 海嶋照美, 藤井紀子, 松岡俊彦, ほか:肝炎ウイルス検査受検状況と検査後の医療機関受診率の検討-都道府県別にみた認識受検率と非認識受検率-. 肝臓 57:634-648, 2016.
 
6) 是永匡紹:「新たな手法を用いた肝炎ウイルス検査受検率・陽性者受診率の向上に資する研究」厚生労働科学研究費補助金肝炎等克服政策研究事業 令和2年度総括研究報告書, 2020.
 
7) 厚生労働省:肝炎対策の推進に関する基本的な指針, 平成23年5月16日.
 
8) 診療報酬の算定方法の一部改正に伴う実施上の留意事項について(保医発 0305 第1号), 平成30年3月5日.
 
9) 打田(小林)佐和子, 榎本 大, 藤井英樹, ほか:当院における肝炎ウイルス検査の実施状況と陽性者に対する受診勧奨システム構築による院内連携の変化について. 肝臓 57:7-16, 2016.
 
10) 井上 淳, 柿崎 暁, 戸島洋貴, ほか:眼科医に対する肝炎ウイルス検査に関するアンケート調査. 肝臓 63:87-89, 2022.
 
11) Hidaka I, Enomoto M, Sato S, et al:Establishing Efficient Systems through Electronic Medical Records to Promote Intra-hospital Referrals of Hepatitis Virus Carriers to Hepatology Specialists:A Multicenter Questionnaire-based Survey of 1,281 Healthcare Professionals. Intern Med 60:337-343, 2021.
PubMed
12) 治療と仕事の両立支援のための肝炎医療コーディネーターマニュアル(厚生労働科学研究費補助金「肝炎等克服政策研究事業職域におけるウイルス性肝炎患者に対する望ましい配慮及び地域を包括した就労支援の在り方に関する研究(研究代表者:渡辺 哲)), 2017. [https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou09/pdf/guideline05.pdf]
 
P.556 掲載の参考文献
1) 白木和夫:B型肝炎母子感染防止事業開始後に出生した小児のHBVキャリアー率. IASR 12:74-75, 2000.
 
2) 厚生労働科学研究費補助金 肝炎等克服緊急対策研究事業「小児におけるB型肝炎の水平感染の実態把握とワクチン戦略の再構築に関する研究」平成25(2013)～27(2015)年度総合研究報告書(研究代表者:須磨崎 亮), 2016.
 
3) Beasley RP, Trepo C, Stevens CE, et al:The e antigen and vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen. Am J Epidemiol 105:94-98, 1977.
 
4) World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific:Regional action plan for viral hepatitis in the Western Pacific 2016-2020:a priority action plan for awareness, surveillance, prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis in the Western Pacific Region, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, 2016.
 
5) 日本小児科学会:B型肝炎ウイルス母子感染予防のための新しい指針, 2013. [http://www.jpeds.or.jp/uploads/files/HBV20131218.pdf]
 
6) 日本小児科学会:B型肝炎ワクチン接種時期の変更に伴う母子感染予防指針 低出生体重児等の特別な場合に対する日本小児科学会の考え方, 2014. [http://www.jpeds.or.jp/uploads/files/hbboshikansen.pdf]
 
7) Beasley RP, Hwang LY, Lee GC, et al:Prevention of perinatally transmitted hepatitis B virus infections with hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine. Lancet 2(8359):1099-1102, 1983.
PubMed
8) Schillie S, Walker T, Veselsky S, et al:Outcomes of infants born to women infected with hepatitis B. Pediatrics 135:e1141-e1147, 2015.
PubMed
9) World Health Organization:Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus:guidelines on antiviral prophylaxis in pregnancy. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2020.
PubMed
10) 岡部信彦, 多屋馨子, 神谷 元:B型肝炎. 予防接種に関するQ&A集 2022, p117-128, 一般社団法人日本ワクチン産業協会, 2022.
 
11) Hepatitis B vaccines:WHO position paper-July 2017. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 92:369-392, 2017.
PubMed
12) Torii Y, Kimura H, Hayashi K, et al:Causes of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus under the at-risk prevention strategy in Japan. Microbiol Immunol 57:118-121, 2013.
PubMed
13) Patel DM, Butler J, Feldman S, et al:Immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in healthy very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr 131:641-643, 1997.
PubMed
14) 国立感染症研究所:急性B型肝炎 2016～2022 年. IASR 44:33-34, 2023.
 
15) Schillie S, Vellozzi C, Reingold A, et al:Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States:Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep 67:1-31, 2018
PubMed
P.563 掲載の参考文献
1) Takano T, Tajiri H, Hosono S, et al:Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in children in Japan:A comparison of mother-to-child transmission with horizontal transmission. J Gastroenterol 52:1041-1050, 2017.
PubMed
2) Komatsu H, Inui A, Yoshio S, et al:Pharmacotherapy options for managing hepatitis B in children. Expert Opin Pharmacother 22:449-467, 2021.
PubMed
3) Chou HH, Chien WH, Wu LL, et al:Age-related immune clearance of hepatitis B virus infection requires the establishment of gut microbiota. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:2175-2180, 2015.
PubMed
4) Tsunoda T, Inui A, Kawamoto M, et al:Effects of pegylated interferon-α-2a monotherapy on growth in Japanese children with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatol Res 44:251-258, 2014.
 
5) Wirth S, Zhang H, Hardikar W, et al:Efficacy and Safety of Peginterferon Alfa-2a (40KD) in Children With Chronic Hepatitis B:The PEG-B-ACTIVE Study. Hepatology 68:1681-1694, 2018.
PubMed
6) Robinson DM, Scott LJ, Plosker GL:Entecavir:a review of its use in chronic hepatitis B. Drugs 66:1605-1624, 2006.
PubMed
7) Jonas MM, Chang MH, Sokal E, et al:Randomized, controlled trial of entecavir versus placebo in children with hepatitis B envelope antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 63:377-387, 2016.
PubMed
8) Liu Y, Li H, Yan X, et al:Long-term efficacy and safety of peginterferon in the treatment of children with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. L Viral Hepat 26(Supp 1):69-76, 2019.
 
9) Hu Y, Ye YZ, Ye LJ, et al:Efficacy and safety of interferon alpha-2b versus pegylated interferon alpha-2a monotherapy in children with chronic hepatitis B:a real-life cohort study from Shanghai, China. World J Pediatr 15:595-600, 2019.
PubMed
10) Fan H, Lin L, Jia S, et al:Interferon alpha treatment leads to high rate of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in Chinese children with chronic hepatitis B. J Viral Hepat 26(Suppl 1):77-84, 2019.
 
11) Jonas MM, Mizerski J, Badia IB, et al:Clinical trial of lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 346:1706-1723, 2002.
PubMed
12) Jonas MM, Kelly D, Pollack H, et al:Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of adefovir dipivoxil in children and adolescents (age 2 to < 18 years) with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 47:1863-1871, 2008.
PubMed
13) Murray KF, Szenborn L, Wysocki J, et al:Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 56:2018-2026, 2012.
PubMed
P.569 掲載の参考文献
1) 阿部敏紀, 相川達也, 赤羽賢浩, ほか:本邦に於けるE型肝炎ウイルス感染の統計学的・疫学的・ウイルス学的特徴:全国集計254例に基づく解析. 肝臓 47:384-391, 2006.
 
2) 加藤 将, 種市幸二, 松林圭二:焼肉店での会食後に発生した E型肝炎ウイルス集団感染:うち1例は劇症肝炎で死亡. 肝臓 45:688, 2004.
 
3) Miyashita K, Kang JH, Saga A, et al:Three cases of acute or fulminant hepatitis E caused by ingestion of pork meat and entrails in Hokkaido, Japan:Zoonotic food-borne transmission of hepatitis E virus and public health concerns. Hepatol Res 42:870-878, 2012.
PubMed
4) Tamada Y, Yano K, Yatsuhashi H, et al:Consumption of wild boar linked to cases of hepatitis E. J Hepatol 40:869-870, 2004.
PubMed
5) Tei S, Kitajima N, Takahashi K, et al:Zoonotic transmission of hepatitis E virus from deer to human beings. Lancet 362:371-373, 2003.
PubMed
6) Smith I, Said B, Vaughan A, et al:Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Acquired Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, United Kingdom, 2018-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 27:1654-1661, 2021.
PubMed
7) Hriskova K, Marosevic D, Belting A, et al:Epidemiology of Hepatitis E in 2017 in Bavaria, Germany. Food Environ Virol 13:337-346, 2021.
PubMed
8) Li TC, Miyamura T, Takeda N:Detection of hepatitis E virus RNA from the bivalve Yamato-Shijimi(Corbicula japonica) in Japan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:170-172, 2007.
PubMed
9) Gao S, Li D, Zha E, et al:Surveillance of hepatitis E virus contamination in shellfish in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:2026-2036, 2015.
 
10) Mesquita JR, Oliveira D, Rivadulla E, et al:Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in mussels (Mytilus galloprovinciallis), Spain. Food Microbiol 58:13-15, 2016.
PubMed
11) La Rosa G, Proroga YTR, De Medici D, et al:First Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish and in Seawater from Production Areas in Southern Italy. Food Environ Virol 10:127-131, 2018.
PubMed
12) O'Hara Z, Crossan C, Craft J, et al:First Report of the Presence of Hepatitis E Virus in Scottish-Harvested Shellfish Purchased at Retail Level. Food Environ Virol 10:217-221, 2018.
PubMed
13) Rivadulla E, Varela MF, Mesquita JR, et al:Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Shellfish Harvesting Areas from Galicia (Northwestern Spain). Viruses 11:618, 2019.
PubMed
14) Santos-Ferreira N, Mesquita JR, Rivadulla E, et al:Hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in echinoderms:First report of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) contamination. Food Microbiol 89:103415, 2020.
PubMed
P.576 掲載の参考文献
1) Komiya Y, Katayama K, Yugi H, et al:Minimum infectious dose of hepatitis B virus in chimpanzees and difference in the dynamics of viremia between genotype A and genotype C. Transfusion 48:286-294, 2008.
PubMed
2) Yoshikawa A, Gotanda Y, Itabashi M, et al:HBV NAT positive blood donors in the early and late stages of HBV infection:analyses of the window period and kinetics of HBV DNA. Vox Sang 88:77-86, 2005.
PubMed
3) Tanaka A, Yamagishi N, Hasegawa T, et al:Continuing transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus infection despite individual donation nucleic acid amplification screening. Transfusion, 2023. (in press)
 
4) Komiya Y, Katayama K, Yugi H, et al:Minimum infectious dose of hepatitis B virus in chimpanzees and difference in the dynamics of viremia between genotype A and genotype C. Transfusion 48:286-294, 2008.
PubMed
5) Matsuno T, Matsuura H, Fujii S, et al:Prolonged incubation period of hepatitis B in a recipient of a nucleic acid amplification test-negative hepatitis B virus window donation. Transfusion 61:2782-2787, 2021.
 
6) Katayama K, Kumagai J, Komiya Y, et al:Titration of hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees for determining the copy number required for transmission. Intervirology 47:57-64, 2004.
PubMed
7) Glynn SA, Wright DJ, Kleinman SH, et al:Dynamics of viremia in early hepatitis C virus infection. Transfusion 45:994-1002, 2005.
PubMed
8) Busch MP, Murthy KK, Kleinman SH, et al:Infectivity in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) of plasma collected before HCV RNA detectability by FDA-licensed assays:implications for transfusion safety and HCV infection outcomes. Blood 119:6326-6334, 2012.
PubMed
9) Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Miyajima H, et al:Swine hepatitis E virus strains in Japan form four phylogenetic clusters comparable with those of Japanese isolates of human hepatitis E virus. J Gen Virol 84:851-862, 2003.
PubMed
10) Matsubayashi K, Nagaoka Y, Sakata H, et al:Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E caused by apparently indigenous hepatitis E virus strain in Hokkaido, Japan. Transfusion 44:934-940, 2004.
PubMed
11) Sakata H, Matsubayashi K, Iida J, et al:Trends in hepatitis E virus infection:Analyses of the long-term screening of blood donors in Hokkaido, Japan, 2005-2019. Transfusion 61:3390-3401, 2021.
 
12) 田中亜美, 星 友二, 長谷川 隆, ほか:本邦におけるE型肝炎ウイルス輸血感染の現状. 日本輸血細胞治療学会誌 66:531-537, 2020.
Medical*Online
13) 日本赤十字社:輸血情報1803-158:E型肝炎ウイルス(HEV)感染について. [https://www.jrc.or.jp/mr/news/pdf/yuketsuj_1803-158.pdf]
 
14) Tanaka A, Matsubayashi K, Odajima T, et al:Universal nucleic acid amplification testing revealed the epidemiological features of hepatitis E virus infection and eliminated transfusion-transmitted infection in Japan. Transfusion, 2023. (in press)
 

書評

最近チェックした商品履歴

Loading...